State Politics and Islam in the Netherlands and Germany: The Case of Milli Görüş

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 14, 88 - 123, 26.04.2018

Ahmet Yükleyen

Öz

This article examines how European state authorities
are taking part in the shaping of Islam in Europe by comparing the impact of
German and Dutch state policies on Islamic organisations such as Milli Görüş¸ a
Turkish-origin political Islamic organisation. Milli Görüş ¸ in the Netherlands
has cooperated with Dutch authorities and developed liberal Islamic
interpretations, while German authorities list Milli Görüş¸ among the top
threats to the constitution. The difference between German and Dutch Milli
Görüş¸ has been created through the partially-exclusivist policies of Germany
and the multicultural policies of the Netherlands. I suggest that, on the one
hand, the Dutch socio-political system and multicultural policies actively
promote public recognition of the Muslim community, provide for a transparent
relationship between the state and Islamic organisations and make cooperation a
more rewarding strategy for Islamic organisations to attain their goals. On the
other hand, the German socio-political system and partially exclusivist
policies provide limited venues for participation and recognition, promote
distrust between political authority and Islamic organisations, and make court
cases a more rewarding strategy for public recognition. This comparison may
provide insights for European states on how to develop policies conducive to
Muslim incorporation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islam; Europe; Milli Görüş; Integration; State Policy; Turkish Muslims

Hollanda ve Almanya’da Devlet Politikaları ve İslam: Milli Görüş Örneği

Öz

Bu makale Avrupa devleti yetkililerinin Avrupa’da
İslam’ın şekillenmesinde nasıl rol aldıklarını Alman ve Hollandalı devlet
politikalarının Milli Görüş gibi bir Türk kökenli siyasal İslamcı örgüt
üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırarak inceliyor. Hollanda'daki Milli Görüş
Hollanda devletiyle işbirliği içerisine girdi ve liberal İslam yorumları
geliştirdi ancak Alman yetkililer Milli Görüş’ü anayasayı en çok tehdit eden
örgütler arasında listeliyor. Alman ve Hollanda Milli Görüş arasındaki fark Almanya’nın
kısmen dışlayıcı ve Hollanda’nın çok kültürlülük politikalarının birer sonucu.
Hollanda’nın sosyo-politik sistemi ve çok kültürlü politikaları Müslümanların
tanınmasını aktif olarak teşvik ediyor; devlet ve İslami kuruluşlar arasında
şeffaf bir ilişki sağlıyor ve işbirliğini İslami kuruluşların hedeflerine
ulaşmaları için daha ödüllendirici bir strateji haline getiriyor. Öte yandan,
Alman sosyo-politik sistem ve kısmen dışlayıcı politikaları katılım ve tanınma
için kısıtlı bir alan sağlarken, siyasi otorite ve İslami kuruluşlar arasında
karşılıklı güvensizliği teşvik ediyor ve mahkemelerde dava açmayı kamusal
tanınma için daha ödüllendirici bir strateji haline getiriyor. Bu karşılaştırma
Avrupa devletlerinin Müslümanları topluma entegre etmelerine yönelik
politikaları nasıl geliştirebileceklerine ilişkin yollar gösteriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam, Avrupa, Milli Görüş, entegrasyon, devlet politikaları, Türkiyeli Müslümanlar

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