Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Children’s Understanding of the Concept of Child-Friendly Places and Their Assessment of Their Living Environments: The Case of Istanbul

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 17, 140 - 181, 30.09.2015

Öz

This paper aims to investigate whether children living
in Istanbul view their neighborhoods as ‘child-friendly’ based on their
understanding of the concept of ‘child-friendly places’. In this context, the
author focuses on the results of a child-friendly city project, which was
conducted with approximately 240 nine- to-eleven-year-old children living in
six neighborhoods of Istanbul. Data are obtained from focus groups, nominal
groups, and mapping and neighborhood planning workshops. Results show that
local governments, which participated in the project, failed to meet the
commitments they have made to children in the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, Agenda 21 and the Habitat Agenda. It was found that many children do not
view their neighborhood as a child-friendly place. Many children supported
their views by referring to the following problems of their neighborhoods:  the lack of environmental (spatial) quality,
poor social capital, and safety and security issues. The author argues that the
methods and results discussed here would help researchers interested in
conducting similar studies and enlighten local governments in the production of
more child-friendly environments.  

Kaynakça

  • Bridgman, R. (2004a) Child-Friendly Cities: Canadian perspectives. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(2), 178-200.
  • Bridgman, R. (2004b) Criteria for best practices in child-friendly cities: Involving young people in urban planning and design. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 13(2), 337-346.
  • Chatterjee, S. (2005) Children’s friendship with place: A conceptual inquiry. Children, Youth and Environments, 15(1), 1-26.
  • Chatterjee, S. (2006) Children’s Friendship with Place: An exploration of Environmental Child Friendliness of Children’s Environments in Cities. Basılmamış doktora tezi. North Carolina State University, Tasarım Programı.
  • Churchman, A. (2003) Is there a place for children in the city? Journal of Urban Design, 8(2), 99-111.
  • Chawla, L. (Der.) (2002a) Growing Up in an Urbanizing World. Londra: Unesco Publishing/ Earthscan.
  • Chawla, L. (2002a) "Insight, creativity and thoughts on the environment": Integrating children and youth into human settlement development. Environment and Urbanization, 14(2), 11-22.
  • Childress, H. (2004) Teenagers, territories and the appropriation of space. Childhood, 11(2), 195-205.
  • Doll, B. (1996) Children without friends: Implications for practice and policy. The School Psychology Review, 25(2), 165-183.
  • Dötterweich, J. A. (2006) Building effective community partnerships for youth development: Lessons learned from ACT for youth. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, November (Suppl), S51-S59.
  • Gurstein, P., Lovato, C. ve Ross, S. (2003) Youth participation in planning: Strategies for social action. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 12(2), 249-274.
  • Haikkola, L. ve Horelli, L. (2002) Young People as Social and Environmental Agents in Finland and in Italy: An Overview of the Legislative Situation of Young People, the Structures for and Examples of Participation in Finland, and the Concept of the Child-Friendly Environment. Basılmamış makale. HUT/Centre for Urban and Regional Studies.
  • Haikkola, L. ve Horelli, L. (2004) Interpretations of Environmental Child-Friendliness in a Neighbourhood of Helsinki. İçinde L. Horelli ve M. Prezza (Der.) Child-Friendly Environments: Approaches and Lessons. Espoo, Finlandiya: Helsinki University of Technology, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies.
  • Haikkola, L., Pacilli, M. G., Horelli, L. ve Prezza, M. (2007) Interpretations of Urban Child-Friendliness: A comparative study of two neighborhoods in Helsinki and Rome. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(4), 319-351.
  • Hart, R., Daiute, C., Iltus, S., Kritt, D., Rome, M. Ve Sabo, K. (1997) Developmental theory and children’s participation in community organizations. Social Justice, 24(3), 33-63.
  • Hartrup, W. W. (1989) Behavioral Manifestations of Children's Friendships. İçinde T. J. Berndt ve G.W. Ladd (Der.) Peer Relationships in Child Development. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Horelli, L. (2007) Constructing a theoretical framework for Environmental Child-Friendliness. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(4), 267-292.
  • Horelli, L., Kytta, M. ve Kaaja, M. (1998) Lapset ymparistön ekoagentteina [Children as eco-agents of their environment]. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Architecture, publication 49.
  • Innocenti Research Centre (2004) Building Child Friendly Cities: A Framework for Action. Floransa: UNICEF.
  • Kytta, M. (2003) Children in Outdoor Contexts: Affordances and Independent Mobility in the Assessment of Environmental Child Friendliness. Basılmamış doktora tezi. Helsinki University of Technology, Kentsel ve Bölgesel Çalışmalar Merkezi.
  • Lynch, K. (Der.) (1977) Growing up in cities: studies of the spatial environment of adolescence in Cracow, Melbourne, Mexico City, Salta, Toluca, and Warszawa. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • MacPhail, A. (2001) Nominal group technique: A useful method for working with young people. British Educational Research Journal, 27(2), 161-170.
  • Moore, R. (1986) Childhood’s domain: Play and place in child development. Londra: Croom Helm.
  • Nordström, M. (2010) Children’s views on child-friendly environments in different geographical, cultural and social neighbourhoods. Urban Studies, 47(3), 514-528.
  • Riggio, E. (2002) Child friendly cities: Good governance in the best interests of the child. Environment and Urbanization, 14(2), 45-58.
  • Rizzo, T. A. ve Corsaro, W. A. (1988) Toward a better understanding of Vygotsky’s process of internalization: Its role in the development of the concept of friendship. Developmental Review, 8(3), 219-237.
  • Selman, R.L. (1980) The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding: Developmental and Clinical Analyses. Londra: Academic Press.
  • Severcan, Y. C. (2012) Children’s Attachment to Public Space in the Context of Urban Regeneration: Effects of Children’s Involvement in Planning and Design Activities. Basılmamış doktora tezi. University of Colorado Denver, Tasarım ve Doktora Programı.
  • Severcan, Y. C. (2015a) Planning for the unexpected: Barriers to young people’s participation in planning in disadvantaged communities. International Planning Studies, 20 (3), 251-269.
  • Severcan (2015b) The effects of children’s participation in planning and design activities on their place attachment. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. (Basım aşamasında)
  • Youngiss, J. (1980) Parents and Peers in Social Development: A Piaget-Sullivan Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Çocukların Gözünden Çocuk Dostu Yer Kavramı ve Yaşanılan Çevrelerin Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul Örneği

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 17, 140 - 181, 30.09.2015

Öz

Bu makale,
çocuk dostu yer kavramının İstanbul’da yaşayan çocuklar için ne anlam ifade
ettiğini, bu tanım bağlamında yaşadıkları mahalleleri çocuk dostu olarak görüp
görmediklerini nedenleriyle anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda yazar,
İstanbul’un altı mahallesinde 9-11 yaş aralığındaki yaklaşık 240 çocuğun
katıldığı bir çocuk dostu şehir projesindeki grup söyleşisi (odak grup ve
nominal grup), haritalama ve mahalle planlama atölyesinde elde ettiği bulguları
okuyucuya sunmaktadır. Bulgular, İstanbul’daki çalışmaya dahil olan yerel
yönetimlerin, Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde, Gündem 21’de ve
Habitat Ajandası’nda belirtilen hükümlere uyma konusunda yetersiz kaldıklarını
göstermektedir. Çalışmada yer alan çocukların büyük bir kısmı, çeşitli nedenden
dolayı mahallesini çocuk dostu görmemektedir
. En fazla üzerinde durulan sorunlar yaşanılan çevrelerin
mekânsal ve sosyal nitelik sorunları ve bu yerlerin güvensiz ve emniyetsiz
oluşları ile ilişkilidir. Bu makalede paylaşılan yöntem ve bulgular ile benzer
çalışmaları yürütmek isteyen araştırmacılara yol gösterilmesi ve yerel
yönetimlerin daha çocuk dostu çevreler yaratma konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi
hedeflenmektedir.  

Kaynakça

  • Bridgman, R. (2004a) Child-Friendly Cities: Canadian perspectives. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(2), 178-200.
  • Bridgman, R. (2004b) Criteria for best practices in child-friendly cities: Involving young people in urban planning and design. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 13(2), 337-346.
  • Chatterjee, S. (2005) Children’s friendship with place: A conceptual inquiry. Children, Youth and Environments, 15(1), 1-26.
  • Chatterjee, S. (2006) Children’s Friendship with Place: An exploration of Environmental Child Friendliness of Children’s Environments in Cities. Basılmamış doktora tezi. North Carolina State University, Tasarım Programı.
  • Churchman, A. (2003) Is there a place for children in the city? Journal of Urban Design, 8(2), 99-111.
  • Chawla, L. (Der.) (2002a) Growing Up in an Urbanizing World. Londra: Unesco Publishing/ Earthscan.
  • Chawla, L. (2002a) "Insight, creativity and thoughts on the environment": Integrating children and youth into human settlement development. Environment and Urbanization, 14(2), 11-22.
  • Childress, H. (2004) Teenagers, territories and the appropriation of space. Childhood, 11(2), 195-205.
  • Doll, B. (1996) Children without friends: Implications for practice and policy. The School Psychology Review, 25(2), 165-183.
  • Dötterweich, J. A. (2006) Building effective community partnerships for youth development: Lessons learned from ACT for youth. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, November (Suppl), S51-S59.
  • Gurstein, P., Lovato, C. ve Ross, S. (2003) Youth participation in planning: Strategies for social action. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 12(2), 249-274.
  • Haikkola, L. ve Horelli, L. (2002) Young People as Social and Environmental Agents in Finland and in Italy: An Overview of the Legislative Situation of Young People, the Structures for and Examples of Participation in Finland, and the Concept of the Child-Friendly Environment. Basılmamış makale. HUT/Centre for Urban and Regional Studies.
  • Haikkola, L. ve Horelli, L. (2004) Interpretations of Environmental Child-Friendliness in a Neighbourhood of Helsinki. İçinde L. Horelli ve M. Prezza (Der.) Child-Friendly Environments: Approaches and Lessons. Espoo, Finlandiya: Helsinki University of Technology, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies.
  • Haikkola, L., Pacilli, M. G., Horelli, L. ve Prezza, M. (2007) Interpretations of Urban Child-Friendliness: A comparative study of two neighborhoods in Helsinki and Rome. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(4), 319-351.
  • Hart, R., Daiute, C., Iltus, S., Kritt, D., Rome, M. Ve Sabo, K. (1997) Developmental theory and children’s participation in community organizations. Social Justice, 24(3), 33-63.
  • Hartrup, W. W. (1989) Behavioral Manifestations of Children's Friendships. İçinde T. J. Berndt ve G.W. Ladd (Der.) Peer Relationships in Child Development. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Horelli, L. (2007) Constructing a theoretical framework for Environmental Child-Friendliness. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(4), 267-292.
  • Horelli, L., Kytta, M. ve Kaaja, M. (1998) Lapset ymparistön ekoagentteina [Children as eco-agents of their environment]. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Architecture, publication 49.
  • Innocenti Research Centre (2004) Building Child Friendly Cities: A Framework for Action. Floransa: UNICEF.
  • Kytta, M. (2003) Children in Outdoor Contexts: Affordances and Independent Mobility in the Assessment of Environmental Child Friendliness. Basılmamış doktora tezi. Helsinki University of Technology, Kentsel ve Bölgesel Çalışmalar Merkezi.
  • Lynch, K. (Der.) (1977) Growing up in cities: studies of the spatial environment of adolescence in Cracow, Melbourne, Mexico City, Salta, Toluca, and Warszawa. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • MacPhail, A. (2001) Nominal group technique: A useful method for working with young people. British Educational Research Journal, 27(2), 161-170.
  • Moore, R. (1986) Childhood’s domain: Play and place in child development. Londra: Croom Helm.
  • Nordström, M. (2010) Children’s views on child-friendly environments in different geographical, cultural and social neighbourhoods. Urban Studies, 47(3), 514-528.
  • Riggio, E. (2002) Child friendly cities: Good governance in the best interests of the child. Environment and Urbanization, 14(2), 45-58.
  • Rizzo, T. A. ve Corsaro, W. A. (1988) Toward a better understanding of Vygotsky’s process of internalization: Its role in the development of the concept of friendship. Developmental Review, 8(3), 219-237.
  • Selman, R.L. (1980) The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding: Developmental and Clinical Analyses. Londra: Academic Press.
  • Severcan, Y. C. (2012) Children’s Attachment to Public Space in the Context of Urban Regeneration: Effects of Children’s Involvement in Planning and Design Activities. Basılmamış doktora tezi. University of Colorado Denver, Tasarım ve Doktora Programı.
  • Severcan, Y. C. (2015a) Planning for the unexpected: Barriers to young people’s participation in planning in disadvantaged communities. International Planning Studies, 20 (3), 251-269.
  • Severcan (2015b) The effects of children’s participation in planning and design activities on their place attachment. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. (Basım aşamasında)
  • Youngiss, J. (1980) Parents and Peers in Social Development: A Piaget-Sullivan Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yücel Can Severcan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Severcan, Y. C. (2015). Çocukların Gözünden Çocuk Dostu Yer Kavramı ve Yaşanılan Çevrelerin Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul Örneği. İDEALKENT, 6(17), 140-181.