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Mekân Sahipliliği için Mekânı Çocuklarla Birlikte Üretmek: Eskişehir Odunpazarı için Bir Model Önerisi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 17, 202 - 251, 30.09.2015

Öz

Çevre
psikolojisi alanında yapılan araştırmalar, insanın içinde yaşamakta olduğu
kentsel çevreye bağlanmasında çocukluk çağının önemli yeri olduğunu
göstermiştir. Bu bulgudan yola çıkarak bu çalışma, çocukluk döneminde kentsel
mekânın üretilmesinde rol almış olan kişilerin, erişkin olduklarında bu mekânları
koruyarak sürdürülebilirliğe katkıda bulunacaklarını varsaymaktadır. Bu
bağlamda çocuklar, hem bugün sahip oldukları yetenekler, geliştirdikleri
fikirler, gereksinim duydukları ihtiyaçlar ile bugünün önemli bir mekânsal ve
toplumsal paydaşıdır, hem de bugünkü deneyimlerinden yola çıkarak oluşturacak
ve geliştirecekleri kişilikleri ve yetenekleri ile geleceğin potansiyel aktif
yurttaşıdır. Çocuğun zaman değişken olarak ele alınmasına vurguda bulunarak bu
çalışma, erişkin oldukları zaman mekânı sahiplenebilmeleri için çocukların
kentsel mekânın üretim aşamalarına bugünden nasıl katılabileceğine yönelik bir
model önermektedir. Çalışmanın özgün katkısı, katılımcı sürecin, mekân
üretiminin aşamalar şeklinde gruplanarak tasarlanmasıdır. Böylelikle, hem
katılım kavramının genişletilmesi, hem de aşamaların gruplanması yöntemi ile
çocukların belirli bir sorumluluğu veya bir aşama sonucu ortaya çıkan somut
ürünleri sahiplenmeleri amaçlanmaktadır. Model, 5393 no’lu Belediye Yasası’nın
73.maddesine göre kentsel dönüşüm alanı ilan edilen Eskişehir Odunpazarı Küçük
Sanayi Sitesi’ne yönelik geliştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alpan, A. (2013) Urban Restructuring Process of Antalya Walled-Town and the Roles Of Stakeholders; yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, ODTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Alpan, A. & Akşit, A. (2015) Mekânı Çocuklarla Birlikte Üretmenin Mekânı Sahiplenmedeki Rolü: Odunpazarı Küçük Sanayi Sitesi Yenileme Alanı için Bir Model Önerisi, sunuş, Kent Araştırmaları Kongresi, 16-17 Nisan 2015, Eskişehir.
  • Akşit, A. (2015) İklim Değişikliğine Karşı Dayanıklı Kentsel Tasarım: Eskişehir Odunpazarı Küçük Sanayi Sitesi Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Bitirme Ödevi, Ödev Danışmanı: Dr. Açalya Alpan, Gazi Üniversitesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü.
  • Barnard, J. (1980) Children in the Built Environment: Guidelines for Planning and Design. Melbourne: Georgian House.
  • Bartlett, S. (2002) Building Better Cities with Children and Youth. Environment and Urbanization, 14:2, 3-10.
  • Biggs, S. & Carr, A. (2015) Age- and Child-Friendly Cities and the Promise of Intergenerational Space, Journal of Social Work Practice: Psychotherapeutic Approaches in Health, Welfare and the Community, 29: 1, 99-112.
  • CABE (2004) Involving young people in the design and care of urban spaces: What would you do with this space? CABE Space and CABE Education.
  • Carey, P. & Sutton, S. (2004) Community development through participatory arts: Lessons learned from a community arts and regeneration project in South Liverpool. Community Development Journal, 39:2, 123–134
  • Carlsson-Kanyama, A.; Dreborg, K.H.; Moll, H.C. & Padovan, D. (2008) Participative backcasting: A tool for involving stakeholders in local sustainability planning, Futures 40,34–46.
  • Carmona, M., Heath T., Oc, T., Tiesdell, S. (2003), Public Places-Urban Spaces, Architectural Press.
  • Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, L.G. & Stone, A. M. (1992) Public Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Carson, R. (1965) The sense of wonder. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Chawla, L. (1992) Childhood place attachments. Place attachment, Cilt 12, ed. I. Altman and S.M. Low, 63–86. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Chawla, L. (2002) Cities for Human Development. Growing Up in an Urbanising World; Chawla, L., Ed.; Earthscan: London, UK; 15–34.
  • Chawla, L. (2007) Childhood experiences associated with care for the natural world: a theoretical framework for empirical results, Children, Youth and Environments, 17:4, 145-170.
  • Checkoway, B. (2011) What is youth participation?, Children and Youth Services Review 33, 340–345.
  • Chombart de Lauwe, M.J. (1976) Appropriation of Space by Children as a Socialization Process. Korosec-Serfaty, Perla (ed.), Appropriation of Space (Proceedings of the 3rd International Architectural Psychology Conference at Louis Pasteur University Strasbourg) Strasbourg (France) 21-25 Haziran 1976.
  • Churchman, A. (2003) Is There a Place for Children in the City? Journal of Urban Design, 8:2, 99-111.
  • COAG Reform Council & McClintock, P. (2012) Review of Capital City Strategic Planning Systems: report to the Council of Australian Governments, COAG Reform Council, Sydney, NSW.
  • Cooper-Marcus, C., & Sarkissian, W. (1986) Housing as if people mattered. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2014a) 1990'lardan bu yana Çocuk Dostu bir Şehir: Fano. Marmara Belediyeler: Marmara Bölgesi Yerel Belediyeler Haber Dergisi. Sayı 2. Cilt 1, 122-127.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2014b) “La Citta Dei Bambini" Fano'dan Roma'ya Çocukların Şehri Hareketi. Marmara Belediyeler: Marmara Bölgesi Yerel Belediyeler Haber Dergisi. Sayı 3. Cilt 1, 120-127.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2014c) ‘Katılım Merdiveni' ve Çocukları Kente Katma Çabalarımız / The ‘Participation Ladder’ And Our Efforts To Incorporate Children Into Urban Life, Marmara Life (Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Dergisi) 09/2014; 1(35):60-63.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2015) Geleneksel Çocuk Oyunları İçin Sokak Temelli Geleneksel Oyun Alanlarının Yeniden Keşfi. I. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Çocuk Oyun ve Oyuncakları Kurultayı, Kurultay Kitabı. 14-17 Mayıs 2015. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi yayınları. (Yayım aşamasında).
  • Day, C. & Midbjer, A. (2007) Environment for Children: Passive Lessons from the Everyday Environment, Oxford, Architectural Press. De Winter, M. (1997) Children as Fellow Citizens. Participation and Commitment. Oxford/ New York: Radcliffe Medical Press.
  • Derr, V.; Chawla, L.; Mintzer, M.; Cushing, D.F. & Van Viliet, W. (2013) A City for All Citizens: Integrating Children and Youth from Marginalized Populations into City Planning, Buildings 2013, 3, 482-505.
  • Driskell, D. (2002) Creating Better Cities with Children and Youth; Earthscan: London, UK.
  • El Mundo (2005) Los niños piden en un 'pleno municipal' una playa junto al río, <http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/11/18/madrid/1132321059.html>, erişim tarihi: 27.07.2015
  • El Pais (2005) Los niños ganadores del concurso Madrid Río elevan al pleno sus propuestas. <http://elpais.com/diario/2005/11/19/madrid/1132403066_850215.html> erişim tarihi: 27.07.2015
  • Forlag, S., Gunderson, K. & Watson, A. (2007) Understanding place meanings on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana. Soc. Nat. Resour. 20:8, 705–721.
  • Frank, K. I. (2006) The Potential of Youth Participation in Planning, Journal of Planning Literature 2006; 20, 351-371.
  • Gallagher, C. (1997) “Our Town”: An Architectural Perspective; Architecture and Inner-City, At-Risk Children’, VisionQuest: Journeys toward Visual Literacy. Blacksburg, VA: International Visual Literacy Association.
  • Gallagher, C.B. (2004) Our Town: Children as advocates for change in the city. Childhood, A Global Journal of Child Research. 11, 251-262.
  • Gaestel, A. (2013) Urban planner James Rojas reminds us to shut down the Power Point. Next City, 20 Şubat 2013. <http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/urban-planner-james-rojasreminds-us-to-shut-down-the-powerpoint> erişim tarihi: 20.07.2015
  • Gehl, J. (1996) Life Between Buildings: Using public space (üçüncü basım), Arkitektens.
  • Gosling, E. & Williams, K.J.H. (2010) Connectedness to nature, place attachment and conservation behaviour: Testing connectedness theory among farmers, Journal of Environmental Psychology 30 (2010) 298–304.
  • Green, A. E. & White, R. J. (2007) Attachment to Place: Social Networks, Mobility and Prospects of Young People, York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Grover, S. (2004) Why won’t they listen to us? On giving power and voice to children participating in social research. Childhood, 11:1, 81–93.
  • Hart, R. (1997) Children’s Participation: the theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. London.
  • Hart, R. (2002) Containing children: some lessons on planning for play from New York City, Environment and Urbanization, 14:2, 135-148.
  • Hart, R. (2008) Stepping Back from ‘The Ladder’: Reflections on a Model of Participatory Work with Children. Participation and Learning; Reid, A., Jensen, B.B., Nikel, J., Simovska, V., Eds.; Springer: Guildford, UK; 19–31.
  • Hildreth, R. W. (2003) John Dewey and public achievement: The lived experience of active citizenship. Sunuş, International Civic Education Conference, New Orleans, LA.
  • Hopkins, P. & Pain, R. (2007) Geographies of age: thinking relationally, Area 39, 287-94.
  • Hungerford, H. R. , & Volk, T. L. (1990) Changing learner behavior through environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 21:3, 8-21.
  • Inglis, J.; Deery, M. & Whitelaw, P. (2008) The Development of Place Attachment in Parks. CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd.
  • Jack, G. (2010) Place Matters: The Significance of Place Attachments for Children’s Well-Being. British Journal of Social Work 40, 755–771.
  • Jakovich, J., Beilharz, K., & Echanove, M. (2006) Symbiosis between Participation and System Design: From Interactive Art to Urban Development. CoDesign, Taylor & Francis, 2:4, D, 249-257.
  • James, A. & Prout, A. (2008) Constructing and reconstructing childhood: contemporary issues. The sociological study of childhood. (İkinci basım) London: Routledge Falmer.
  • Kingston, B. (2007) Creating Child-Friendly Cities: The Case of Denver. Municipal Engineer, 160:2, 97-102.
  • Kirshner, B. (2007) Youth Activism as a Context for Learning and Development. American Behavioral Scientist, 51:3, 367-379.
  • Knowles-Yanez, K. (2005) Children’s participation in planning processes. Journal of Planning Literature, 20: 3-14.
  • Kudryavtsev, A.; Stedman, R.C. & Krasny, M.E. (2012) Sense of place in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 18:2, 229–250.
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  • Malone, K. (2011) Designing and Dreaming a Child Friendly Neighbourhood for Brooks Reach, Dapto, University of Western Sydney, Bankstown, NSW, Australia.
  • Malone, K. (2013) “The future lies in our hands”: children as researchers and environmental change agents in designing a child-friendly neighbourhood, Local Environment, 18:3, 373-395.
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  • Million, A. & Heinrich, A.J. (2014) Linking Participation and Built Environment Education in Urban Planning Processes. Current Urban Studies, 2, 335-349.
  • Mullahey, R. & Susskind, Y. & Checkoway, B. (1999) Youth Participation in Community Planning. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
  • Odunpazarı Belediyesi (2015) Başkan Kurt “Sanayi Sitesi için düğmeye bastık, <http://www.odunpazari.bel.tr> erişim tarihi: 27.07.2015
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Co-Production of Space with Children to Ensure Space Appropriation: A Model Proposal for Eskişehir Odunpazarı

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 17, 202 - 251, 30.09.2015

Öz

Researches conducted in the field of environmental
psychology have revealed that childhood has a particular role in the attachment
of people to their urban environment. Evolving out from this finding, this work
assumes that people, who takes a role in the production of urban space during
their childhood, will contribute to sustainability by keeping these spaces when
they become an adult.  In this context,
children are both a spatial and a communal stakeholder of today through their
current abilities, ideas and needs, and a potential active citizen of the
future through their personalities and abilities to develop and to improve by
their childhood experiences. This work, by taking time as the variable in
approaching children, proposes a model of participation for children to have a
role in the production phases of urban space in order to make them appropriate
the space when they become an adult. The design of the participative process by
dividing the production of space into phases is the original contribution of
the work. In this way, both enlarging the concept of participation, and by
grouping the phases, making children appropriate a particular responsibility or
the final products of a phase is aimed at. The model is developed for the Small
Industrial Site in Eskişehir Odunpazarı, which is declared as an urban renewal
area in the scope of article 73 of the Municipality Law number 5393.

Kaynakça

  • Alpan, A. (2013) Urban Restructuring Process of Antalya Walled-Town and the Roles Of Stakeholders; yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, ODTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Alpan, A. & Akşit, A. (2015) Mekânı Çocuklarla Birlikte Üretmenin Mekânı Sahiplenmedeki Rolü: Odunpazarı Küçük Sanayi Sitesi Yenileme Alanı için Bir Model Önerisi, sunuş, Kent Araştırmaları Kongresi, 16-17 Nisan 2015, Eskişehir.
  • Akşit, A. (2015) İklim Değişikliğine Karşı Dayanıklı Kentsel Tasarım: Eskişehir Odunpazarı Küçük Sanayi Sitesi Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Bitirme Ödevi, Ödev Danışmanı: Dr. Açalya Alpan, Gazi Üniversitesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü.
  • Barnard, J. (1980) Children in the Built Environment: Guidelines for Planning and Design. Melbourne: Georgian House.
  • Bartlett, S. (2002) Building Better Cities with Children and Youth. Environment and Urbanization, 14:2, 3-10.
  • Biggs, S. & Carr, A. (2015) Age- and Child-Friendly Cities and the Promise of Intergenerational Space, Journal of Social Work Practice: Psychotherapeutic Approaches in Health, Welfare and the Community, 29: 1, 99-112.
  • CABE (2004) Involving young people in the design and care of urban spaces: What would you do with this space? CABE Space and CABE Education.
  • Carey, P. & Sutton, S. (2004) Community development through participatory arts: Lessons learned from a community arts and regeneration project in South Liverpool. Community Development Journal, 39:2, 123–134
  • Carlsson-Kanyama, A.; Dreborg, K.H.; Moll, H.C. & Padovan, D. (2008) Participative backcasting: A tool for involving stakeholders in local sustainability planning, Futures 40,34–46.
  • Carmona, M., Heath T., Oc, T., Tiesdell, S. (2003), Public Places-Urban Spaces, Architectural Press.
  • Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, L.G. & Stone, A. M. (1992) Public Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Carson, R. (1965) The sense of wonder. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Chawla, L. (1992) Childhood place attachments. Place attachment, Cilt 12, ed. I. Altman and S.M. Low, 63–86. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Chawla, L. (2002) Cities for Human Development. Growing Up in an Urbanising World; Chawla, L., Ed.; Earthscan: London, UK; 15–34.
  • Chawla, L. (2007) Childhood experiences associated with care for the natural world: a theoretical framework for empirical results, Children, Youth and Environments, 17:4, 145-170.
  • Checkoway, B. (2011) What is youth participation?, Children and Youth Services Review 33, 340–345.
  • Chombart de Lauwe, M.J. (1976) Appropriation of Space by Children as a Socialization Process. Korosec-Serfaty, Perla (ed.), Appropriation of Space (Proceedings of the 3rd International Architectural Psychology Conference at Louis Pasteur University Strasbourg) Strasbourg (France) 21-25 Haziran 1976.
  • Churchman, A. (2003) Is There a Place for Children in the City? Journal of Urban Design, 8:2, 99-111.
  • COAG Reform Council & McClintock, P. (2012) Review of Capital City Strategic Planning Systems: report to the Council of Australian Governments, COAG Reform Council, Sydney, NSW.
  • Cooper-Marcus, C., & Sarkissian, W. (1986) Housing as if people mattered. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2014a) 1990'lardan bu yana Çocuk Dostu bir Şehir: Fano. Marmara Belediyeler: Marmara Bölgesi Yerel Belediyeler Haber Dergisi. Sayı 2. Cilt 1, 122-127.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2014b) “La Citta Dei Bambini" Fano'dan Roma'ya Çocukların Şehri Hareketi. Marmara Belediyeler: Marmara Bölgesi Yerel Belediyeler Haber Dergisi. Sayı 3. Cilt 1, 120-127.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2014c) ‘Katılım Merdiveni' ve Çocukları Kente Katma Çabalarımız / The ‘Participation Ladder’ And Our Efforts To Incorporate Children Into Urban Life, Marmara Life (Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Dergisi) 09/2014; 1(35):60-63.
  • Çakırer-Özservet, Y. (2015) Geleneksel Çocuk Oyunları İçin Sokak Temelli Geleneksel Oyun Alanlarının Yeniden Keşfi. I. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Çocuk Oyun ve Oyuncakları Kurultayı, Kurultay Kitabı. 14-17 Mayıs 2015. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi yayınları. (Yayım aşamasında).
  • Day, C. & Midbjer, A. (2007) Environment for Children: Passive Lessons from the Everyday Environment, Oxford, Architectural Press. De Winter, M. (1997) Children as Fellow Citizens. Participation and Commitment. Oxford/ New York: Radcliffe Medical Press.
  • Derr, V.; Chawla, L.; Mintzer, M.; Cushing, D.F. & Van Viliet, W. (2013) A City for All Citizens: Integrating Children and Youth from Marginalized Populations into City Planning, Buildings 2013, 3, 482-505.
  • Driskell, D. (2002) Creating Better Cities with Children and Youth; Earthscan: London, UK.
  • El Mundo (2005) Los niños piden en un 'pleno municipal' una playa junto al río, <http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/11/18/madrid/1132321059.html>, erişim tarihi: 27.07.2015
  • El Pais (2005) Los niños ganadores del concurso Madrid Río elevan al pleno sus propuestas. <http://elpais.com/diario/2005/11/19/madrid/1132403066_850215.html> erişim tarihi: 27.07.2015
  • Forlag, S., Gunderson, K. & Watson, A. (2007) Understanding place meanings on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana. Soc. Nat. Resour. 20:8, 705–721.
  • Frank, K. I. (2006) The Potential of Youth Participation in Planning, Journal of Planning Literature 2006; 20, 351-371.
  • Gallagher, C. (1997) “Our Town”: An Architectural Perspective; Architecture and Inner-City, At-Risk Children’, VisionQuest: Journeys toward Visual Literacy. Blacksburg, VA: International Visual Literacy Association.
  • Gallagher, C.B. (2004) Our Town: Children as advocates for change in the city. Childhood, A Global Journal of Child Research. 11, 251-262.
  • Gaestel, A. (2013) Urban planner James Rojas reminds us to shut down the Power Point. Next City, 20 Şubat 2013. <http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/urban-planner-james-rojasreminds-us-to-shut-down-the-powerpoint> erişim tarihi: 20.07.2015
  • Gehl, J. (1996) Life Between Buildings: Using public space (üçüncü basım), Arkitektens.
  • Gosling, E. & Williams, K.J.H. (2010) Connectedness to nature, place attachment and conservation behaviour: Testing connectedness theory among farmers, Journal of Environmental Psychology 30 (2010) 298–304.
  • Green, A. E. & White, R. J. (2007) Attachment to Place: Social Networks, Mobility and Prospects of Young People, York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Grover, S. (2004) Why won’t they listen to us? On giving power and voice to children participating in social research. Childhood, 11:1, 81–93.
  • Hart, R. (1997) Children’s Participation: the theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. London.
  • Hart, R. (2002) Containing children: some lessons on planning for play from New York City, Environment and Urbanization, 14:2, 135-148.
  • Hart, R. (2008) Stepping Back from ‘The Ladder’: Reflections on a Model of Participatory Work with Children. Participation and Learning; Reid, A., Jensen, B.B., Nikel, J., Simovska, V., Eds.; Springer: Guildford, UK; 19–31.
  • Hildreth, R. W. (2003) John Dewey and public achievement: The lived experience of active citizenship. Sunuş, International Civic Education Conference, New Orleans, LA.
  • Hopkins, P. & Pain, R. (2007) Geographies of age: thinking relationally, Area 39, 287-94.
  • Hungerford, H. R. , & Volk, T. L. (1990) Changing learner behavior through environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 21:3, 8-21.
  • Inglis, J.; Deery, M. & Whitelaw, P. (2008) The Development of Place Attachment in Parks. CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd.
  • Jack, G. (2010) Place Matters: The Significance of Place Attachments for Children’s Well-Being. British Journal of Social Work 40, 755–771.
  • Jakovich, J., Beilharz, K., & Echanove, M. (2006) Symbiosis between Participation and System Design: From Interactive Art to Urban Development. CoDesign, Taylor & Francis, 2:4, D, 249-257.
  • James, A. & Prout, A. (2008) Constructing and reconstructing childhood: contemporary issues. The sociological study of childhood. (İkinci basım) London: Routledge Falmer.
  • Kingston, B. (2007) Creating Child-Friendly Cities: The Case of Denver. Municipal Engineer, 160:2, 97-102.
  • Kirshner, B. (2007) Youth Activism as a Context for Learning and Development. American Behavioral Scientist, 51:3, 367-379.
  • Knowles-Yanez, K. (2005) Children’s participation in planning processes. Journal of Planning Literature, 20: 3-14.
  • Kudryavtsev, A.; Stedman, R.C. & Krasny, M.E. (2012) Sense of place in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 18:2, 229–250.
  • Landry, C. & Bianchini, F. (1995) The Creative City. London: Comedia.
  • Lasch, C. (1995) The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Lych, K. (1960) The Image of the City. Cambridge Massachussettes.
  • Madrid Area de Gobierno de Urbanismo y Vivienda (2008) Madrid Río para NiñosyJóvenes.<http://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/UDCMedi os/noticias/2008/03Marzo/29S%C3%A1bado/NotasdePrensa/MadridRio/ficheros/Dossier%20MADRID%20RIO%202008_Ni%C3%B1os %20y%20Jovenes.pdf> erişim tarihi: 28.07.2015
  • Malone, K. (2006) United Nations: a key player in a global movement for child friendly cities, Creating Child Friendly Cities, eds. Gleeson B & Sipe, N., Routledge.
  • Malone, K. (2011) Designing and Dreaming a Child Friendly Neighbourhood for Brooks Reach, Dapto, University of Western Sydney, Bankstown, NSW, Australia.
  • Malone, K. (2013) “The future lies in our hands”: children as researchers and environmental change agents in designing a child-friendly neighbourhood, Local Environment, 18:3, 373-395.
  • Maslow, A. (1968) Towards a Psychology of Being, Van Nostrand, New York.
  • Matthews, M. H. (1992) Making Sense of Place: Children’s Understanding of Large-Scale Environments, Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Meadows, D. (2003) Digital storytelling: Research-based practice in new media. Vis. Commun., 2, 189–193.
  • Million, A. & Heinrich, A.J. (2014) Linking Participation and Built Environment Education in Urban Planning Processes. Current Urban Studies, 2, 335-349.
  • Mullahey, R. & Susskind, Y. & Checkoway, B. (1999) Youth Participation in Community Planning. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
  • Odunpazarı Belediyesi (2015) Başkan Kurt “Sanayi Sitesi için düğmeye bastık, <http://www.odunpazari.bel.tr> erişim tarihi: 27.07.2015
  • Olwig, K.R. (1982) Education and the sense of place. Geography and the humanities, ed. D.E. Cosgrove, 38–53. Loughborough: Loughborough University of Technology.
  • Orr, D.W. (1994) Earth in mind: On education, environment, and the human prospect. Washington, DC: Island Press.
  • Percy-Smith, B. (2010) Councils, Consultations and Community: Rethinking the Spaces for Children and Young People’s Participation, Children’s Geographies, 8:2, 107-122.
  • Proshansky, H. M. & Fabian, A. K. (1987) ‘The development of place identity in the child’; Weinstein, C. S. & David, T. G. (eds), The Built Environment and Child Development, New York, Plenum Press, 21–40.
  • Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Relph, E. (1976) Place and placelessness. London, UK: Pion Limited.
  • Rowles, G. D. (1983) Place and personal identity in old age: Observations from Appalachia, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 299–313.
  • Sancar, F.H. & Severcan, Y. (2010) Children’s Places: Rural-Urban Comparisons Using Participatory Photography in the Bodrum Peninsula, Turkey. Journal of Urban Design, 15:3, 293-324.
  • Severcan, Y.C. (2015) Planning for the Unexpected: Barriers to Young People's Participation in Planning in Disadvantaged Communities, International Planning Studies, 20:3, 251-269.
  • Shapiro, I. (1986) The Evolution of Rights inn Liberal Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Simpson, B. (1997) Towards the Participation of Children and Young People in Urban Planning and Design, Urban Studies, 34:5-6, 907-925.
  • Skelton, T. (2007) Children, Young People, UNICEF and Participation, Children’s Geographies, 5:1-1, 165-181.
  • Talen, E. & Coffindaffer, M. (1999) The utopianism of children: An empirical study of children’s neighborhood design preferences. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 18, 321–31.
  • Terrible, R. S. (2000) An annotated bibliography of literature concerning children and their knowledge of the environment. Journal of Planning Literature, 14:3, 489–98.
  • Tonucci, F. & Rissotto, A. (2001) Why do we need children’s participation? The importance of children’s participation in changing the city. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 11, 407–19.
  • The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (1997) Children’s Rights and Habitat: Working Towards Child-Friendly Cities; UNICEF: New York, NY, USA.
  • Tuan, YF. (1977) Space and Place, Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
  • UNCHS (1997) The Istanbul Declaration and the Habitat Agenda, UNCHS, Nairobi.
  • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Child Friendly Cities. http://www.childfriendlycities.org> erişim tarihi: 28.07.2015
  • Uttke, A. (2012) Towards the Future Design and Development of Cities with Built Environment Education: Experiences of Scale, Methods, and Outcomes, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 45, 3–13.
  • Vanderbeck, R. M. (2007) Intergenerational geographies: age relations, segregation and re-engagements, Geography Compass, 1:2, 200-221.
  • Walker, E. (2009) Putting urban planning in the hands of the people. Good. 16 Ağustos 2009. <www.good.is/posts/putting-urban-planning-in-the-hands-of-the-people> erişim tarihi: 20.07.2015
  • Watson, G.B. (2009) Viewpoint: Young people and the built environment: can they shape our cities?, Town Planning Review, 80:3, i-v.
Toplam 88 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Açalya Alpan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Alpan, A. (2015). Mekân Sahipliliği için Mekânı Çocuklarla Birlikte Üretmek: Eskişehir Odunpazarı için Bir Model Önerisi. İDEALKENT, 6(17), 202-251.