Social Space and the Genesis of a Reflexive Sociology: Bourdieu’s Interventions in the Study of Space

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 26, 83 - 127, 14.05.2019

Sinan Tankut Gülhan

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.531534

Cited By: 1

Öz

This paper focuses on the
concept of “social space,” a key concept developed by Pierre Bourdieu for
advancing his sociological research program. In investigating the possible
novel venues of sociological inquiry opened up by the intervention provided by
Bourdieu’s use of social space, this paper ventures into the archives of International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research to understand how Bourdieu’s work was reflected upon within the
field of urban research in the last four decades. New urban sociology and Marxist
urbanism’s understanding and interpretation of space has changed significantly
throughout the years. Yet, Bourdieu had a certain theory effect, and this has
acted upon a steady stream of research, especially since the 2000s. IJURR had gone through what we can call
a series of theoretical ruptures in the three decades. Hence, while
investigating the Bourdieu’s ouevre three
important moments are animated here: first, the inherent rupture of the 1960s
as a reaction to the Chicago School and its quantitative inheritors are
explicated. Second moment requires a critical engagement with the new-born -or,
still-birth- new urban sociology and how Manuel Castells’ theoretical approach created
a new doxa in the academic field. 1970s and 1980s was a crucial point of
transformation for the urbanists. In the third moment, I investigated how
Bourdieu’s analysis was appropriated in the symbolic space of the sociological
and urban sociological field. Bourdieu’s conceptual framework created a
plethora of new approaches, however, their analytical relationship with both
Bourdieu’s sociological program and the hitherto prevalent spatial imagination
is frequently questioned. Here, I suggested an objectification of the
Bourdieu’s theoretical and research work and tried to locate the breaks and
continuities.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

new urban sociology, urban theory, social space, Pierre Bourdieu, social space

Toplumsal Mekân ve Düşünümsel bir Kent Sosyolojisinin İnşası: Bourdieucülüğün Mekâna Müdahalesini Sorunsallaştırmak

Öz

Bu yazı, Pierre Bourdieu’nün “toplumsal mekân” kavramının yeni kent
sosyolojisinin en önemli yayın mecraı ve kurumsal yapısı olan International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research üzerinden alanı nasıl tanımladığını, hangi kırılma noktalarına
hitap ettiğini, bu kırılma noktaları aracılığıyla nasıl bir bilimsel kopuş
müdahalesi, benim deyişimle doksaya yönelik bir “huruç,” tertip ettiğini
açıklamayı amaçlar. Bunu yaparken IJURR’un
son kırk yıldaki arşivini gözden geçirerek Bourdieu’nün kavramlarının kullanımını
inceler. Yeni kent sosyolojisi ve Marksist şehirciliğin mekân anlayışı ve
yorumu son kırk yılda önemli değişimler geçirdi. Ancak özellikle 2000’li
yıllardan itibaren Bourdieu’nün kuramsal etkisi bir dizi araştırmayla kendini
göstermeye başladı. Bu etkiyi araştırırken üç farklı durak noktasından geçmemiz
gereklidir. Bu yazıda, öncelikle yeni kent sosyolojisinin ve eleştirel kentsel
kuramların Chicago Okulu’na bir tepki olarak nasıl ortaya çıktığını incelenmiştir.
İkinci durak noktasında, Castells’in kurucu etkisi altında kurulan yeni kent
sosyolojisinin 1970’lerden 1980’lere dönüşümünü ele aldım. Üçüncü durak ise yeni
kent sosyolojisinin geri çekilme noktasında Bourdieu’nün yapıtının öncelikle
Anglofon sosyolojide, sonra da kent sosyolojisinde nasıl temellük edildiğiyle
ilgilidir. Burada, 1980’lerden itibaren IJURR’un
sayfalarında Bourdieucü sosyolojik programın nasıl ele alındığını çalıştım. Bu
önemli durakta, öte yandan Bourdieu’nün metinlerinin toplumsal mekânı nasıl ele
aldığı da incelenmiştir. Son kısımda, Bourdieu’nün yapıtının yeniden inşa
edilmekte olan bir kent sosyolojisi için sunduğu programın eleştirisi ve kazanımları
meta-kuramsal bir çerçeve içinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yeni kent sosyolojisi, kentsel kuram, toplumsal mekân, Pierre Bourdieu, toplumsal mekân

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