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The Impact of Smart Destinations on Co-Creation of Value

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 36, 858 - 879, 02.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1037612

Öz

Consumers aspire to co-create value with good and service providers in order to have experiences in line with their wishes and expectations. Destinations are getting smarter with the advances in technology that contributes to the co-creation of value by tourists. In this article, the effect of the smart city concept on the co-creation process of tourists was studied. Accordingly, the concept of value was examined; the questions of how customer value is created in the tourism industry and how co-creation takes place were addressed. In this study, secondary sources were used extensively, and document analysis was applied. Moreover, the concepts of smart city and smart destination were examined and the contributions of the smart city application to the value creation process of the customers were evaluated. The study exposes that smart destinations positively affect the co-creation of value by tourists and provide them with different and unforgettable experiences. On the other hand, it points out that co-creation of value is important for destinations to achieve sustainable success and provide competitive advantage. In this study some examples were presented to destination managers and marketers to co-create value by using innovative technologies.

Kaynakça

  • Angelidou, M. (2014). Smart city policies: A spatial approach. Cities, 41, 3-11.
  • Başakşehir Living Lab İstanbul. (2022). Başakşehir Living Lab İstanbul. https://basaksehir-livinglab.com/BLL/anasayfa/ adresinden alındı
  • Baier, K. ve Rescher, N. (1966). Values and the future: The impact of technological change on American values, FreePress, New York, pp. 33-67
  • Başakşehir Living Lab İstanbul. (2021). Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://basaksehir-livinglab.com/BLL/anasayfa/ sitesinden erişildi
  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G. ve Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of thefuture. TheEuropeanPhysicalJournal Special Topics, 214(1), 481-518.
  • Bibri, S. E. (2019). On thesustainability of smartandsmartercities in theera of bigdata: an interdisciplinaryandtransdisciplinaryliteraturereview. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 1-64.
  • Binkhorst, E. ve Den Dekker, T. (2009). Agenda for co-creation tourism experience research. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 18(2-3), 311-327.
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2013) Smart Tourism Destinations. In: Xiang Z, Tussyadiah I (eds) Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 553–556
  • Buhalis, D. ve Foerste, M. (2015). SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 151-161.
  • Buonincontri, P. ve Micera, R. (2016). The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations. Information Technology and Tourism, 16(3), 285-315.
  • ButzJr, H. E. ve Goodstein, L. D. (1996). Measuring customer value: gaining the strategic advantage. Organizational dynamics, 24(3), 63-77.
  • Campos, A. C., Mendes, J., Valle, P. O. D. ve Scott, N. (2018). Co-creation of tourist experiences: A literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(4), 369-400.
  • Cawsey, T. ve Rowley, J. (2016). Social media brand building strategies in B2B companies. Marketing Intelligence ve Planning, 34(6), 754-776.
  • Chuang, C. M. (2020). A current travel model: smart tour on mobile guide application services. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(18), 2333-2352.
  • Chung, N., Lee, H., Kim, J. Y. ve Koo, C. (2018). The role of augmented reality for experience influenced environments: The case of cultural heritage tourism in Korea. Journal of Travel Research, 57(5), 627-643.
  • Cimbaljević, M., Stankov, U. ve Pavluković, V. (2019). Going beyond the traditional destination competitiveness–reflections on a smart destination in the current research. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(20), 2472-2477.
  • Cleverciti (2020). 9 European smart tourism destinations to watch and learn from Web Site 10 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.cleverciti.com/en/resources/blog/9-european-smart-tourism-destinations-to-watch-and-learn-from adresinden erişildi
  • Coe, A., Paquet, G. ve Roy, J. (2001). E-governanceandsmartcommunities: a social learning challenge. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1), 80-93.
  • Dabholkar, P. A. (2015). How to improve perceived service quality by increasing customer participation. In Proceedings of the 1990 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference (pp. 483-487). Springer, Cham.
  • Dameri, R. P. (2013). Searching for smart city definition: a comprehensive proposal. International. Journal of Computers andTechnology, 11(5), 2544-2551.
  • Deng, W., Lu, C., Lin, Y. ve Chen, W. (2021). A study on the effect of tourists value co-creation on the perceived value of souvenirs: mediating role of psychological ownership and authenticity. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(2), 200-214.
  • Dorcic, J., Komsic, J. ve Markovic, S. (2019). Mobile Technologies and applications towards smart tourism–state of the art. Tourism Review, 74(1), 82-103.
  • European Commission. (2021). EU launches European Capital of Smart Tourism 2022 Competition. Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/growth/news/eu-launches-european-capital-smart-tourism-2022-competition-2021-04-22_en adresinden erişildi
  • European Capital of Smart Tourism. (2020). Malaga Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://smarttourismcapital.eu/city/malaga/ adresinden erişildi
  • Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B. ve Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2019). Towards a conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The Service Industries Journal, 39(2), 109-133.
  • Font, X., English, R., Gkritzali, A. ve Tian, W. S. (2021). Value co-creation in sustainabletourism: A service-dominantlogicapproach. Tourism Management, 82, 104200.
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J. ve Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534.
  • Giuseppe, M., Scott, M., Marcello, A. ve Giacomo, D. C. (2022). Collaboration and Learning Processes in Value Co-Creation: A Destination Perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 00472875211070349.
  • Gretzel, U., Fesenmaier, D. R. ve O’leary, J. T. (2006). The transformation of consumer behaviour. Tourism business frontiers: Consumers, Products and Industry, 9, 7-16.
  • Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C. ve Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558-563.
  • Gretzel, U. ve de Mendonça, M. C. (2019). Smart destination brands: semioticanalysis of visual and verbal signs. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 560-580.
  • Hollebeek, L. D., Srivastava, R. K. ve Chen, T. (2019). SD logic–informed customer engagement: integrative framework, revised fundamental propositions, and applicationto CRM. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47(1), 161-185.
  • Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K. ve Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation. Information and Management, 54(6), 757-770.
  • Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A., Mazón, J. N. ve Perles-Ivars, Á. F. (2019). Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: a new scenario for destination management?. CurrentIssues in Tourism, 22(13), 1581-1600.
  • Jeong, M. ve Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464-1477.
  • Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1-14.
  • Kumar, V. ve Reinartz, W. (2016). Creating enduring customer value. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 36-68.
  • Lamberton, C. P. ve Rose, R. L. (2012). When is ours beter than mine? A framework for understanding and altering participation in commercial sharing systems. Journal of Marketing, 76(4), 109–125.
  • Lan, T., Zheng, Z., Tian, D., Zhang, R., Law, R. ve Zhang, M. (2021). Resident-Tourist Value Co-Creation in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Context: The Role of Residents’ Perception of Tourism Development and Emotional Solidarity. Sustainability, 13(3), 1369.
  • Lin, Y. (2011). The application of the Internet of things in Hainan tourism scenic spot. In 2011 seventh international conference on computationa lintelligence and security (pp. 1549-1553).
  • Lusch, R. F. ve Vargo, S. L. (2006). Service-dominantlogic: reactions, reflectionsandrefinements. Marketing Theory, 6(3), 281-288.
  • Nickelsburg, M. (2017). Utripraises $4M to build out artificial intelligence-based travel planning platform. 12 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.geekwire.com/2017/utrip-raises-4m-build-artificialintelligence-based-travel-planning-platform/ adresinden erişildi
  • No, E. ve Kim J. K. (2015). Comparing the attributes of online tourism information sources. Computers in Human Behavior 50, 564–75
  • Onlylyon. (2021). Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://en.lyon-france.com/Plan-your-stay/lyon-for-all/disability-and-accessibility-information adresinden erişildi
  • Prebensen N. K., Vittersø J. ve Dahl T. I. (2013) Value co-creation significance of tourist resources. Annal Tour Res 42:240–261
  • Romão, J., Kourtit, K., Neuts, B. ve Nijkamp, P. (2018). The smart city as a common place for tourists and residents: A structural analysis of the determinants of urban attractiveness. Cities, 78, 67-75.
  • Salvado, J. O. M. G., Ferreira, A. M. A. P. ve Costa, C. M. M. (2011). Co-Creatıon: The Travel Agencıes’newFrontıer. Tourismand Management Studies, 1, 229-244.
  • Sandström, S., Edvardsson, B., Kristensson, P. ve Magnusson, P. (2008). Value in use through service experience. Managing Service Quality. An International Journal, 18(2), 112-126.
  • Sparks, B., Butcher, K. ve Bradley, G. (2008). Dimensions and correlates of consumer value: An application to the time share industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(1), 98-108.
  • Susanti, R., Soetomo, S., Buchori, I. ve Brotosunaryo, P. M. (2016). Smart growth, smart city and density: In search of the appropriate indicator for residential density in Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227, 194-201.
  • Totty, M. (2017). The Rise of the Smart City. 24 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.wsj. com/articles/the-rise-of-the-smart-city-1492395120 adresinden erişildi
  • Trakya. (2021). Trakya. Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde http://trakyaturizmrotasi.com/tr/ sayfasından erişildi Türkiye Kültür Portalı. (2021). Troya Müzesi. Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/portal/troya-muzesi sayfasından erişildi
  • Visitizmir. (2021). Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.visitizmir.org/tr/Anasayfa sayfasından erişildi
  • Vodofone. (2022). Web Site 06 Nisan 2022 tarhindehttps://www.vodafone.com.tr/firsatlar/red-piri-mobil-uygulamasi-kampanyasi sayfasından erişildi
  • Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I. ve Buhalis, D. (2015). Smart destinations: Foundations, analytics, and applications. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 143-144.
  • Xie, C., Bagozzi, R. P. ve Troye, S. V. (2008). Trying to prosume: Toward a theory of consumers as co-creators of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 109-122.
  • Xu, F., Tan, J., Lu, L., Li, S. ve Qin, L. (2021). How does value co-creation behavior affect destination loyalty? A role switching perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1805-1826.
  • Wang, D., Li, X. R. ve Li, Y. (2013). China's “smart tourism destination” initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(2), 59-61.
  • Wang, X., Li, X. R., Zhen, F. ve Zhang, J. (2016). How smart is your tourist attraction? Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach. Tourism Management, 54, 309-320.

Akıllı Destinasyonların Birlikte Değer Yaratımına Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 36, 858 - 879, 02.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1037612

Öz

Günümüzde tüketiciler kendi istek ve beklentileri doğrultusunda deneyimler yaşayabilmek için mal ve hizmet sağlayıcıları ile işbirliği yaparak birlikte değer yaratmak istemektedir. Teknolojideki ilerlemeler ile her geçen gün daha akıllı olan destinasyonlar, turistlerin birlikte değer yaratımına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda destinasyon pazarlamasında önem kazanan akıllı şehir kavramının turistlerin birlikte değer yaratımı sürecine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çerçevede turizm endüstrisinde müşteri değerinin nasıl yaratıldığı ve birlikte değer yaratımının nasıl gerçekleştiği sorularına yanıt aranmıştır. Çalışmada geniş ölçüde ikincil kaynaklar kullanılmış ve doküman analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada akıllı şehir ve akıllı destinasyon kavramları incelenmiş; akıllı şehir uygulamasının müşterilerin değer yaratım sürecine katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca destinasyon yöneticilerinin ve pazarlamacıların yenilikçi teknolojileri kullanarak birlikte değer yaratımına nasıl katkıda bulunduklarına dair çeşitli örnekler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmada birlikte değer yaratımının, destinasyonların sürdürülebilir bir başarı elde edebilmeleri ve rekabet avantajı sağlamaları açısından önemli olduğuna işaret edilmiştir. Bulgular ışığında, akıllı destinasyonların turistlerin birlikte değer yaratımını olumlu yönde etkilediği, onlara farklı ve unutulmaz deneyimler yaşattığı söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Angelidou, M. (2014). Smart city policies: A spatial approach. Cities, 41, 3-11.
  • Başakşehir Living Lab İstanbul. (2022). Başakşehir Living Lab İstanbul. https://basaksehir-livinglab.com/BLL/anasayfa/ adresinden alındı
  • Baier, K. ve Rescher, N. (1966). Values and the future: The impact of technological change on American values, FreePress, New York, pp. 33-67
  • Başakşehir Living Lab İstanbul. (2021). Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://basaksehir-livinglab.com/BLL/anasayfa/ sitesinden erişildi
  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G. ve Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of thefuture. TheEuropeanPhysicalJournal Special Topics, 214(1), 481-518.
  • Bibri, S. E. (2019). On thesustainability of smartandsmartercities in theera of bigdata: an interdisciplinaryandtransdisciplinaryliteraturereview. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 1-64.
  • Binkhorst, E. ve Den Dekker, T. (2009). Agenda for co-creation tourism experience research. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 18(2-3), 311-327.
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2013) Smart Tourism Destinations. In: Xiang Z, Tussyadiah I (eds) Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 553–556
  • Buhalis, D. ve Foerste, M. (2015). SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 151-161.
  • Buonincontri, P. ve Micera, R. (2016). The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations. Information Technology and Tourism, 16(3), 285-315.
  • ButzJr, H. E. ve Goodstein, L. D. (1996). Measuring customer value: gaining the strategic advantage. Organizational dynamics, 24(3), 63-77.
  • Campos, A. C., Mendes, J., Valle, P. O. D. ve Scott, N. (2018). Co-creation of tourist experiences: A literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(4), 369-400.
  • Cawsey, T. ve Rowley, J. (2016). Social media brand building strategies in B2B companies. Marketing Intelligence ve Planning, 34(6), 754-776.
  • Chuang, C. M. (2020). A current travel model: smart tour on mobile guide application services. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(18), 2333-2352.
  • Chung, N., Lee, H., Kim, J. Y. ve Koo, C. (2018). The role of augmented reality for experience influenced environments: The case of cultural heritage tourism in Korea. Journal of Travel Research, 57(5), 627-643.
  • Cimbaljević, M., Stankov, U. ve Pavluković, V. (2019). Going beyond the traditional destination competitiveness–reflections on a smart destination in the current research. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(20), 2472-2477.
  • Cleverciti (2020). 9 European smart tourism destinations to watch and learn from Web Site 10 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.cleverciti.com/en/resources/blog/9-european-smart-tourism-destinations-to-watch-and-learn-from adresinden erişildi
  • Coe, A., Paquet, G. ve Roy, J. (2001). E-governanceandsmartcommunities: a social learning challenge. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1), 80-93.
  • Dabholkar, P. A. (2015). How to improve perceived service quality by increasing customer participation. In Proceedings of the 1990 academy of marketing science (AMS) annual conference (pp. 483-487). Springer, Cham.
  • Dameri, R. P. (2013). Searching for smart city definition: a comprehensive proposal. International. Journal of Computers andTechnology, 11(5), 2544-2551.
  • Deng, W., Lu, C., Lin, Y. ve Chen, W. (2021). A study on the effect of tourists value co-creation on the perceived value of souvenirs: mediating role of psychological ownership and authenticity. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(2), 200-214.
  • Dorcic, J., Komsic, J. ve Markovic, S. (2019). Mobile Technologies and applications towards smart tourism–state of the art. Tourism Review, 74(1), 82-103.
  • European Commission. (2021). EU launches European Capital of Smart Tourism 2022 Competition. Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/growth/news/eu-launches-european-capital-smart-tourism-2022-competition-2021-04-22_en adresinden erişildi
  • European Capital of Smart Tourism. (2020). Malaga Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://smarttourismcapital.eu/city/malaga/ adresinden erişildi
  • Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B. ve Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2019). Towards a conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The Service Industries Journal, 39(2), 109-133.
  • Font, X., English, R., Gkritzali, A. ve Tian, W. S. (2021). Value co-creation in sustainabletourism: A service-dominantlogicapproach. Tourism Management, 82, 104200.
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J. ve Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534.
  • Giuseppe, M., Scott, M., Marcello, A. ve Giacomo, D. C. (2022). Collaboration and Learning Processes in Value Co-Creation: A Destination Perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 00472875211070349.
  • Gretzel, U., Fesenmaier, D. R. ve O’leary, J. T. (2006). The transformation of consumer behaviour. Tourism business frontiers: Consumers, Products and Industry, 9, 7-16.
  • Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C. ve Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558-563.
  • Gretzel, U. ve de Mendonça, M. C. (2019). Smart destination brands: semioticanalysis of visual and verbal signs. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 560-580.
  • Hollebeek, L. D., Srivastava, R. K. ve Chen, T. (2019). SD logic–informed customer engagement: integrative framework, revised fundamental propositions, and applicationto CRM. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47(1), 161-185.
  • Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K. ve Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation. Information and Management, 54(6), 757-770.
  • Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A., Mazón, J. N. ve Perles-Ivars, Á. F. (2019). Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: a new scenario for destination management?. CurrentIssues in Tourism, 22(13), 1581-1600.
  • Jeong, M. ve Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464-1477.
  • Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1-14.
  • Kumar, V. ve Reinartz, W. (2016). Creating enduring customer value. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 36-68.
  • Lamberton, C. P. ve Rose, R. L. (2012). When is ours beter than mine? A framework for understanding and altering participation in commercial sharing systems. Journal of Marketing, 76(4), 109–125.
  • Lan, T., Zheng, Z., Tian, D., Zhang, R., Law, R. ve Zhang, M. (2021). Resident-Tourist Value Co-Creation in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Context: The Role of Residents’ Perception of Tourism Development and Emotional Solidarity. Sustainability, 13(3), 1369.
  • Lin, Y. (2011). The application of the Internet of things in Hainan tourism scenic spot. In 2011 seventh international conference on computationa lintelligence and security (pp. 1549-1553).
  • Lusch, R. F. ve Vargo, S. L. (2006). Service-dominantlogic: reactions, reflectionsandrefinements. Marketing Theory, 6(3), 281-288.
  • Nickelsburg, M. (2017). Utripraises $4M to build out artificial intelligence-based travel planning platform. 12 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.geekwire.com/2017/utrip-raises-4m-build-artificialintelligence-based-travel-planning-platform/ adresinden erişildi
  • No, E. ve Kim J. K. (2015). Comparing the attributes of online tourism information sources. Computers in Human Behavior 50, 564–75
  • Onlylyon. (2021). Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://en.lyon-france.com/Plan-your-stay/lyon-for-all/disability-and-accessibility-information adresinden erişildi
  • Prebensen N. K., Vittersø J. ve Dahl T. I. (2013) Value co-creation significance of tourist resources. Annal Tour Res 42:240–261
  • Romão, J., Kourtit, K., Neuts, B. ve Nijkamp, P. (2018). The smart city as a common place for tourists and residents: A structural analysis of the determinants of urban attractiveness. Cities, 78, 67-75.
  • Salvado, J. O. M. G., Ferreira, A. M. A. P. ve Costa, C. M. M. (2011). Co-Creatıon: The Travel Agencıes’newFrontıer. Tourismand Management Studies, 1, 229-244.
  • Sandström, S., Edvardsson, B., Kristensson, P. ve Magnusson, P. (2008). Value in use through service experience. Managing Service Quality. An International Journal, 18(2), 112-126.
  • Sparks, B., Butcher, K. ve Bradley, G. (2008). Dimensions and correlates of consumer value: An application to the time share industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(1), 98-108.
  • Susanti, R., Soetomo, S., Buchori, I. ve Brotosunaryo, P. M. (2016). Smart growth, smart city and density: In search of the appropriate indicator for residential density in Indonesia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227, 194-201.
  • Totty, M. (2017). The Rise of the Smart City. 24 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.wsj. com/articles/the-rise-of-the-smart-city-1492395120 adresinden erişildi
  • Trakya. (2021). Trakya. Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde http://trakyaturizmrotasi.com/tr/ sayfasından erişildi Türkiye Kültür Portalı. (2021). Troya Müzesi. Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/portal/troya-muzesi sayfasından erişildi
  • Visitizmir. (2021). Web Site 15 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.visitizmir.org/tr/Anasayfa sayfasından erişildi
  • Vodofone. (2022). Web Site 06 Nisan 2022 tarhindehttps://www.vodafone.com.tr/firsatlar/red-piri-mobil-uygulamasi-kampanyasi sayfasından erişildi
  • Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I. ve Buhalis, D. (2015). Smart destinations: Foundations, analytics, and applications. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 143-144.
  • Xie, C., Bagozzi, R. P. ve Troye, S. V. (2008). Trying to prosume: Toward a theory of consumers as co-creators of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 109-122.
  • Xu, F., Tan, J., Lu, L., Li, S. ve Qin, L. (2021). How does value co-creation behavior affect destination loyalty? A role switching perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1805-1826.
  • Wang, D., Li, X. R. ve Li, Y. (2013). China's “smart tourism destination” initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(2), 59-61.
  • Wang, X., Li, X. R., Zhen, F. ve Zhang, J. (2016). How smart is your tourist attraction? Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach. Tourism Management, 54, 309-320.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Neslihan Cavlak 0000-0002-6712-971X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 36

Kaynak Göster

APA Cavlak, N. (2022). Akıllı Destinasyonların Birlikte Değer Yaratımına Etkisi. İDEALKENT, 13(36), 858-879. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1037612