Ecoliteracy is to understand and
internalise sustainable ecological relationship in the nature and to transfer
this sustainable lifestyle to daily life despite the fact that ecoliteracy
does not have only one and unique definition. However, it is difficult to
measure ecoliteracy due to it being a complex concept. There are many subsets
of ecoliteracy. One of the the aim of this study is therefore to develop
an ecoliteracy scale intended for adults which is based on ecological
intelligence, social intelligence, emotional intelligence, economy and green
consumer behaviour. The other aim of the study is to test an alternative
model among these subsets. According to this model economy, emotional and social intelligences
are subsets of ecological intelligence. Ecological intelligence has directly
link to green consumer behaviours at the second stage of the model. All the
goodness of fit values are at an acceptable level according to the
explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results are Cronbach alpha:
0.78; KMO: 0.830; X2/df: 4.09; RMSEA: 0.087; SRMR:
0.0783; GFI, AGFI, IFI, and CFI ≥ 0.80. There are 20 items within the scale.
Aracıoglu, B., & Talıdil, R. (2009). Effects of environmental consciousness over consumers’ purchasing behavior. Ege Akademic Review, 9 (2), 435- 461, http://eab.ege.edu.tr/pdf/9_2/C9-S2-M5.pdf, 10.12.2010.
Buyukozturk, S. (2007). Handbook of data analysis for social scientists. Ankara: Pegem A Publication.
Creed, P. A. & Machin, M. A. (2003). Multidimensional properties of the access to categories of experience scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19 (2), 85–91.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. Mis Quarterly, 453-461.
ESD Report (2015). The status of education for sustainable development in the United States: A 2015 report to the US Department of State. Retrieved from https://www.sustainabilityprofessionals.org/sites/default/files/ESD%20in%20the%20United%20States%20final.pdf
Esposito, V. (2009). Promoting ecoliteracy and ecosystem management for sustainability through ecological economic tools. Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. Paper 80. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis
FAO Report (2003). World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030, FAO Report. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/esag/docs/y4252e.pdf, 22.06.2012
FAO Report (2015). The state of food insecurity in the World. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf
Fossati, A., Maffei, C., Acquarini, E., & Di Ceglie, A. (2003). Multigroup confirmatory component and factor analyses of the Italian version of the Aggression Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19 (1), 54.
Goleman, D. (2006). Social intelligence: The new science of human relationship. New York: Bantam Book.
Goleman, D. (2009). Ecological intelligence: How knowing the hidden impacts of what we buy can change everything. New York: Broadway Books.
Goleman, D., Bennett, L., & Barlow, Z. (2012). Ecoliterate: How educators are cultivating emotional, social, and ecological intelligence. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation motivation: people who need people…but in different ways. Journal of Personality and Social Penology, 52 (5), 1008-1018.
Kahn, R., (2010). Critical pedagogy, ecoliteracy & planetary crisis. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.
Kapogianni, M. (2015). Attitudes and intention toward organic cosmetics in Greece: an exploratory study. Master Thesis, International Hellenistic University. Retrieved from https://repository.ihu.edu.gr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11544/331/dissertation%20maria%20kapogianni.pdf?sequence=1
Kumar, S. & Budin, E. M. (2006). Prevention and management of product recalls in the processed food industry: a case study based on an exporter’s perspective. Technovation, 26, 739–750. Retrieved from http://140.130.204.27/course/download/slhsu/recall%20management.pdf,
Lira, C. A., Steinicke, D. L., & García, A. L. (2015). Eco-Literacy and Pedagogical Praxis in the Multidisciplinary University Greenhouse toward the Food Security Strengthening. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 9(9), 1126-1131.
McBride, B. B., Brewer, C. A., Berkowitz, A. R. & Borrie, W. T. (2013). Environmental literacy, ecological literacy, ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4 (5), 67. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1
McCallum, I. (2005). Ecological intelligence: Rediscovering ourselves in nature. Cape Town: Africa Geographic.
Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological literacy: Education and the transition to a postmodern world. New York: State University Press.
Orr, D. W. (2002). The nature of design: ecology, culture, and human intention. New York: Oxford University Press.
Öhman, J. (2016). New ethical challenges within environmental and sustainability education. Environmental Education Research, 6, 765- 770. Doi: 10.1080/13504622.2016.1165800
Pilgrim, S., Smith, D. and Pretty, J. (2007), A cross-regional assessment of the factors affecting ecoliteracy: Implications for policy and practice. Ecological Applications, 17, 1742–1751. doi:10.1890/06-1358.1
Roberts, P. & Dev, L. (2015). Learning from the Peruvian Amazon. Research Report. Retrieved from http://www.roffeypark.com/wp-content/uploads2/Learning-from-the-Peruvian-Amazon.pdf
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and individual differences, 25 (2), 167-177.
Sencan, H. (2005). Reliability and validity in social and behavioural measurements. Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Shumba, O. (2011). Commons thinking, Ecological intelligence and the ethical and moral framework of Ubuntu: An imperative for sustainable development. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3 (3), 84-96. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380106358_Shumba.pdf
Simsek, Ö. F. (2007). Introduction to structural equality modeling: basic principles and LISREL applications: Ekinoks Education and counseling services). Ankara: Siyasal Press.
Sterling, S. (2009). Ecological intelligence in the handbook of sustainability literacy. Chapter 10, pp. 77-83. Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/~lpolya/ENVS%20189/readings/Ecological%20Intelligence.pdf
Tursi, J. M. (2015). DIPR: Holistic Education Integrating Sustainability and Ecoliteracy into K-12 education in the US (Doctoral dissertation, Philadelphia University). Retrieved from http://www.philau.edu/Sustainability/inc/documents/theses/JoeTursiFinalThesis.pdf
UN (United Nation) Brundtland Declaration (1987). Our common future, Chapter 2. Retrieved from http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm
Yıldırım, A.& Şimşek, H. (2006). Qualitative research methods in social science. Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Aracıoglu, B., & Talıdil, R. (2009). Effects of environmental consciousness over consumers’ purchasing behavior. Ege Akademic Review, 9 (2), 435- 461, http://eab.ege.edu.tr/pdf/9_2/C9-S2-M5.pdf, 10.12.2010.
Buyukozturk, S. (2007). Handbook of data analysis for social scientists. Ankara: Pegem A Publication.
Creed, P. A. & Machin, M. A. (2003). Multidimensional properties of the access to categories of experience scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19 (2), 85–91.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. Mis Quarterly, 453-461.
ESD Report (2015). The status of education for sustainable development in the United States: A 2015 report to the US Department of State. Retrieved from https://www.sustainabilityprofessionals.org/sites/default/files/ESD%20in%20the%20United%20States%20final.pdf
Esposito, V. (2009). Promoting ecoliteracy and ecosystem management for sustainability through ecological economic tools. Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. Paper 80. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis
FAO Report (2003). World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030, FAO Report. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/esag/docs/y4252e.pdf, 22.06.2012
FAO Report (2015). The state of food insecurity in the World. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf
Fossati, A., Maffei, C., Acquarini, E., & Di Ceglie, A. (2003). Multigroup confirmatory component and factor analyses of the Italian version of the Aggression Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19 (1), 54.
Goleman, D. (2006). Social intelligence: The new science of human relationship. New York: Bantam Book.
Goleman, D. (2009). Ecological intelligence: How knowing the hidden impacts of what we buy can change everything. New York: Broadway Books.
Goleman, D., Bennett, L., & Barlow, Z. (2012). Ecoliterate: How educators are cultivating emotional, social, and ecological intelligence. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation motivation: people who need people…but in different ways. Journal of Personality and Social Penology, 52 (5), 1008-1018.
Kahn, R., (2010). Critical pedagogy, ecoliteracy & planetary crisis. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.
Kapogianni, M. (2015). Attitudes and intention toward organic cosmetics in Greece: an exploratory study. Master Thesis, International Hellenistic University. Retrieved from https://repository.ihu.edu.gr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11544/331/dissertation%20maria%20kapogianni.pdf?sequence=1
Kumar, S. & Budin, E. M. (2006). Prevention and management of product recalls in the processed food industry: a case study based on an exporter’s perspective. Technovation, 26, 739–750. Retrieved from http://140.130.204.27/course/download/slhsu/recall%20management.pdf,
Lira, C. A., Steinicke, D. L., & García, A. L. (2015). Eco-Literacy and Pedagogical Praxis in the Multidisciplinary University Greenhouse toward the Food Security Strengthening. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 9(9), 1126-1131.
McBride, B. B., Brewer, C. A., Berkowitz, A. R. & Borrie, W. T. (2013). Environmental literacy, ecological literacy, ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4 (5), 67. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1
McCallum, I. (2005). Ecological intelligence: Rediscovering ourselves in nature. Cape Town: Africa Geographic.
Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological literacy: Education and the transition to a postmodern world. New York: State University Press.
Orr, D. W. (2002). The nature of design: ecology, culture, and human intention. New York: Oxford University Press.
Öhman, J. (2016). New ethical challenges within environmental and sustainability education. Environmental Education Research, 6, 765- 770. Doi: 10.1080/13504622.2016.1165800
Pilgrim, S., Smith, D. and Pretty, J. (2007), A cross-regional assessment of the factors affecting ecoliteracy: Implications for policy and practice. Ecological Applications, 17, 1742–1751. doi:10.1890/06-1358.1
Roberts, P. & Dev, L. (2015). Learning from the Peruvian Amazon. Research Report. Retrieved from http://www.roffeypark.com/wp-content/uploads2/Learning-from-the-Peruvian-Amazon.pdf
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and individual differences, 25 (2), 167-177.
Sencan, H. (2005). Reliability and validity in social and behavioural measurements. Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Shumba, O. (2011). Commons thinking, Ecological intelligence and the ethical and moral framework of Ubuntu: An imperative for sustainable development. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3 (3), 84-96. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380106358_Shumba.pdf
Simsek, Ö. F. (2007). Introduction to structural equality modeling: basic principles and LISREL applications: Ekinoks Education and counseling services). Ankara: Siyasal Press.
Sterling, S. (2009). Ecological intelligence in the handbook of sustainability literacy. Chapter 10, pp. 77-83. Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/~lpolya/ENVS%20189/readings/Ecological%20Intelligence.pdf
Tursi, J. M. (2015). DIPR: Holistic Education Integrating Sustainability and Ecoliteracy into K-12 education in the US (Doctoral dissertation, Philadelphia University). Retrieved from http://www.philau.edu/Sustainability/inc/documents/theses/JoeTursiFinalThesis.pdf
UN (United Nation) Brundtland Declaration (1987). Our common future, Chapter 2. Retrieved from http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm
Yıldırım, A.& Şimşek, H. (2006). Qualitative research methods in social science. Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Okur-berberoğlu, E. (2018). Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 8(1), 15-34.
AMA
Okur-berberoğlu E. Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling. IEJEE-Green. Ocak 2018;8(1):15-34.
Chicago
Okur-berberoğlu, Emel. “Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling”. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 8, sy. 1 (Ocak 2018): 15-34.
EndNote
Okur-berberoğlu E (01 Ocak 2018) Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 8 1 15–34.
IEEE
E. Okur-berberoğlu, “Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling”, IEJEE-Green, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 15–34, 2018.
ISNAD
Okur-berberoğlu, Emel. “Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling”. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 8/1 (Ocak 2018), 15-34.
JAMA
Okur-berberoğlu E. Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling. IEJEE-Green. 2018;8:15–34.
MLA
Okur-berberoğlu, Emel. “Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling”. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, c. 8, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 15-34.
Vancouver
Okur-berberoğlu E. Development of an Ecoliteracy Scale Intended for Adults and Testing an Alternative Model by Structural Equation Modelling. IEJEE-Green. 2018;8(1):15-34.