MERKEZCİ-TEKNOKRATİK POPÜLİZM ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK EMMANUEL MACRON: 2023 EMEKLİLİK REFORMU SONRASI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Bu çalışma Fransa’da 2022 yılında ikinci kez başkanlık seçimlerini kazanan Emmanuel Macron’un “popülist” olarak kategorize edilip edilemeyeceğini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Literatürde Macron’u anti-popülist olarak tanımlayan yaklaşımlar kadar onun söylem ve stratejisini popülist bulanlar da yer almaktadır. Bu ikinci yaklaşım Macron’u “merkezci popülist”, “teknokratik popülist” gibi adlarla tanımlamaktadır. Bunlar, liberal anaakım eğilimlere sahip olmakla birlikte yerleşik partilere anti-elitist söylemlerle meydan okuyan, ideolojik pozisyona değil uzmanlık, yeterlilik ve performans kriterlerine vurgu yapan, halkla aracısız iletişim kurma iddiasında olan, karizmatik lider-merkezli hareketleri ifade eder. Çalışmada mevcut literatür incelenerek Macron’un reformcu ilericiler ile hareketi ve değişimi reddeden muhafazakârlar arasındaki kurduğu ikilik çerçevesinde popülist bir söylem inşa ettiği öne sürülmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada Macron’un 2023 yılında halkın tepkisine rağmen emeklilik yaşını 62’den 64’e çıkaran reformu parlamentoyu baypas ederek yasalaştırmasının merkezci popülizm adlandırmasının altını oyup oymadığı da Macron’un kamuya açık konuşmaları analiz edilerek değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emmanuel Macron
• Popülizm
• Merkezci Popülizm
• Teknokratik Popülizm
• Emeklilik Reformu

EMMANUEL MACRON AS AN EXAMPLE OF CENTRIST-TECHNOCRATIC POPULISM: AN ASSESSMENT AFTER 2023 PENSION REFORM

Öz

This study aims to discuss whether Emmanuel Macron, who won the presidential elections for the second time in 2022 in France, can be categorized as a "populist". In the literature, there are scholars who define Macron as anti-populist, as well as those who find his rhetoric and strategy populist. The latter group defines Macron as “centrist populist”, “technocratic populist” etc., referring to charismatic-leader-centred movements that, despite having liberal mainstream tendencies, challenge established parties with an anti-elitist rhetoric, emphasize expertise, competence and performance criteria rather than ideological position, and claim to communicate directly with the public. In the study, by examining the existing literature, it is argued that Macron has built a populist discourse within the framework of the dichotomy he established between forward-marching progressives and immobile conservatives. In addition, by analyzing Macron's public speeches, it will be discussed whether his unpopular pension reform in 2023 that increased the retirement age from 62 to 64, enacted by bypassing the parliament, undermines the naming of centrist populism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emmanuel Macron
• Populism
• Centrist Populism
• Technocratic Populism
• Pension Reform

Kaynakça

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