KRİTİK HAMMADDELERİN TEDARİKİNDE TÜRKİYE’NİN TRANSİT ROLÜ: KÜRESEL TİCARETTE YENİ EKSEN

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: Küresel Ticaret ve Türkiye’nin Ulaştırma Diplomasisi Özel Sayısı, 56 - 72, 05.11.2025

Mehmet Ayrancı

Öz

Küresel ölçekte yeşil enerji dönüşümü, dijitalleşme ve teknolojik üretimin artmasıyla birlikte, kritik hammaddelere duyulan ihtiyaç stratejik bir boyut kazanmıştır. Bu durum, yalnızca üretici ülkeleri değil, aynı zamanda bu hammaddelerin taşındığı transit ülkeleri de ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Türkiye, sahip olduğu coğrafi konum, çok modlu ulaşım altyapısı, dijital lojistik dönüşüm kabiliyeti ve çok taraflı diplomasi stratejileri ile kritik hammaddelerin güvenli, sürdürülebilir ve etkin taşınmasında giderek artan bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, literatür incelemesi, politika belgeleri analizi ve vaka çalışmaları aracılığıyla Türkiye’nin kritik hammadde lojistiğindeki yükselen rolünü çok boyutlu bir çerçevede değerlendirmektedir. Bakü-Tiflis-Kars demiryolu, Filyos ve Mersin limanları gibi yatırımların yanı sıra, Tek Pencere Sistemi ve Lojistik Performans Endeksi gibi dijitalleşme uygulamaları Türkiye’nin fiziksel ve dijital entegrasyon düzeyini artırmaktadır. Bulgular, Türkiye’nin sadece bir geçiş ülkesi değil, aynı zamanda yeniden işleme, depolama ve lojistik karar destek sistemlerine ev sahipliği yapan bir değer üretim merkezi olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, Türkiye’nin bu stratejik konumunu daha da pekiştirebilmesi için veri temelli yönetişim, çok aktörlü ortaklıklar ve sürdürülebilir altyapı yatırımlarına odaklanan öneriler geliştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kritik Hammaddeler , Lojistik Diplomasi , Transit Ülke , Tedarik Zinciri , Ulaştırma Politikası

TÜRKİYE’S STRATEGIC TRANSIT ROLE IN THE SUPPLY OF CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS: EMERGING AS A NEW NEXUS IN GLOBAL TRADE

Öz

With the global acceleration of green energy transition, digitalization, and technological manufacturing, the demand for critical raw materials has gained strategic importance. This trend not only highlights producer countries but also underscores the role of transit countries through which these materials are transported. Türkiye, leveraging its geographical location, multimodal transport infrastructure, digital logistics capabilities, and multilateral diplomacy strategies, is assuming an increasingly vital role in the safe, sustainable, and efficient transportation of critical materials. This study evaluates Türkiye’s emerging position in critical raw material logistics through a multidimensional approach incorporating literature review, policy document analysis, and case studies. Investments such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway and the Filyos and Mersin ports, along with digital initiatives like the Single Window System and the Logistics Performance Index reforms, have strengthened Türkiye’s physical and digital integration. The findings demonstrate that Türkiye is not merely a transit country but has the potential to become a logistics value hub that includes preprocessing, storage, and decision-support systems. Accordingly, the study presents recommendations focused on enhancing Türkiye’s strategic position through data-driven governance, multi-stakeholder partnerships, and sustainable infrastructure development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Critical Raw Materials , Logistics Diplomacy , Transit Country , Supply Chain , Transport Policy

Kaynakça

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