Türkiye’de bölgesel ekonomik dayanıklılık: Endüstriyel uzmanlaşma ve çeşitlenmenin rolü

Öz

Çalışma, Türkiye'de bölgesel ekonomik dayanıklılık bağlamında endüstriyel uzmanlaşma ve çeşitlendirmenin rolünü incelemektedir. 2003-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin düzey 3 bölgelerinde yaşanan ekonomik daralma ve toparlanma dönemlerinde bölgesel ekonomik yapının dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Analizler, Herfindahl-Hirschman Endeksi (HHI) ve Krugman Çeşitlilik Endeksi (KDI) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, ekonomik yapının bölgelerin krizlere karşı gösterdiği direnci anlamada önemli bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ekonomik çeşitliliğin daha yüksek dayanıklılığı desteklediğini öne süren yaygın literatüre karşın, bu çalışma uzmanlaşmanın Türkiye bölgelerinin dayanıklılığına anlamlı bir katkı sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle az gelişmiş bölgelerin belirli sektörlerde uzmanlaşmasının krizlere karşı daha etkili bir koruma sağladığı görülmüştür. İmalat sektörünün ağırlıklı olarak krizden etkilenmesi nedeniyle imalat dışı sektörlerde uzmanlaşmış bölgelerin ekonomik durgunluk dönemlerinde daha dirençli olduğu ve toparlanma süreçlerinde de daha iyi performans sergilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca analiz, göreceli uzmanlaşma ve mutlak uzmanlaşma arasında ayrım yaparak, göreceli uzmanlaşmanın incelenen tüm dönemler boyunca ekonomik dayanıklılığı tutarlı ve önemli ölçüde artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endüstriyel Uzmanlaşma
• Çeşitlilik
• Bölgesel Dayanıklılık
• Ekonomik Dayanıklılık
• Ekonomik Kriz

Regional economic resilience in Turkey: The role of industrial specialization and diversification

Öz

This study examines the role of industrial specialization and diversification in regional economic resilience in Turkey. It specifically analyses the effect of the economic structure in Turkey's Level 3 regions, encompassing the periods of economic shrinkage and recovery between 2003 and 2020. Analyses are conducted using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Krugman Diversity Index (KDI). The findings reveal that economic structure plays an important role in understanding the resilience of regions to crises. Contrary to the prevailing literature suggesting that economic diversification promotes greater resilience, it shows that specialization significantly contributes to the resilience of Turkey's regions. It has been observed that specialization of less developed regions in certain sectors provides more effective protection against crises. Since the manufacturing sector was predominantly affected by the crisis, it has been observed that regions specialized in non-manufacturing sectors are more resilient during economic recessions and perform better during recovery periods. Moreover, by distinguishing between relative specialization and absolute specialization, the analysis finds that relative specialization consistently and significantly increases economic resilience across all periods examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İndustrial Specialization
• Diversity
• Regional Resilience
• Economic Resilience
• Economic Crisis

Kaynakça

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