Taliban'ın ele geçirmesinden sonra Afganistan'dan beyin göçü: siyasi, sosyal ve eğitimsel etkilerin çok boyutlu bir analizi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 56, 354 - 371, 29.09.2025

Sayed Rafee Hashemi , Ali Osman Kocalar

https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1720785

Öz

Taliban'ın Ağustos 2021'de iktidara dönmesinin ardından Afganistan, eğitimli ve yetenekli iş gücünün benzeri görülmemiş bir şekilde göçüne tanık oldu. Genellikle "beyin göçü" olarak adlandırılan bu fenomenin, eğitim, sağlık ve yönetim gibi kritik sektörlerde insan sermayesinin kaybının çok ötesine geçen etkileri vardır. Bu çalışma, Taliban sonrası beyin göçünün politik, sosyal ve eğitimsel etkilerinin çok boyutlu bir analizini yürütürken, bu eğilimi yönlendiren başlıca itme ve çekme faktörlerini belirlemektedir. Araştırma, tanımlayıcı-analitik bir yaklaşım kullanarak, uluslararası raporlar, akademik yayınlar ve resmi istatistikler de dahil olmak üzere ikincil verileri açıklayıcı vaka çalışmalarıyla bütünleştirmektedir. Mesleklerinde ihtisaslaşmış kişilerin büyük ölçekli ayrılışı devlet kurumlarını önemli ölçüde zayıflatmış, yönetim kapasitesini azaltmış ve dış yardıma olan bağımlılığı artırmıştır. Toplumsal düzeyde, göç ailelerin nesiller arası parçalanmasına neden olmuş ve hem eğitimde hem de işgücünde kadın katılımında keskin bir düşüşe yol açmıştır. Eğitim alanında, akademisyenlerin ve öğrencilerin dışarı akışı yüksek öğrenimin kalitesini düşürmüş ve çok sayıda araştırma girişiminin askıya alınmasına neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beyin göçü , Afganistan , Göç , Eğitim , Diaspora , Politika

Brain drain from Afghanistan after the Taliban takeover: a multidimensional analysis of political, social and educational impacts

Öz

Following the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021, Afghanistan has witnessed an unprecedented exodus of its educated and skilled workforce. This phenomenon—commonly referred to as “brain drain” —has implications that go far beyond the mere loss of human capital in critical sectors such as education, healthcare, and governance. This study conducts a multidimensional analysis of the political, social, and educational impacts of post-Taliban brain drain, while identifying the principal push and pull factors driving this trend. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the research integrates secondary data—including international reports, academic publications, and official statistics—with illustrative case studies. The large-scale departure of professionals has significantly weakened state institutions, reduced governance capacity, and increased reliance on foreign aid. On the societal level, the migration has caused intergenerational fragmentation of families and led to a sharp decline in female participation in both education and the workforce. In the educational sphere, the outflow of academics and students has undermined the quality of higher education and resulted in the suspension of numerous research initiatives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brain Drain , Afghanistan , Migration , Education , Diaspora , Policy

Kaynakça

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