Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 42, 631 - 649, 25.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.682246

Öz

Summer and tropical days are determined about the daily maximum air temperature values. Examining the annual numbers of summer and tropical days is one of the methods to reveal changes and trends in air temperatures and therefore in climate on a global, regional and local scale. This study aims to examine the long-term changes and trends of the annual numbers of summer and tropical days of the Lakes District of Turkey, which is located in the transition zone between Mediterranean climate and Central Anatolia continental climate between the period of 1969–2014 at 11 meteorological stations. Singular scanning method was used in the study. The results suggest that the numbers of summer and tropical days changed within the years of the period examined. In the analyzed period, it has been determined that the annual numbers of summer and tropical days and the annual numbers of tropical days change within years and periods, and show an increase, and trend lines also indicate an increase. It was determined that the number of tropical days showed a significant increase trend in all stations and in the average of the study area. Also, it has been determined that the annual numbers of summer days generally decrease over the years and periods and the trend lines also indicate a decrease. The number of summer days shows a decreasing trend that is not significant in Beyşehir, Eğirdir and Uluborlu stations, but significant in other stations and in the average of the study area. The increasing trend in tropical days can be considered as a potential risk for human health and activities and natural environment.

Kaynakça

  • Abbasnia, M. & Toros, H. (2018). Analysis of long-term changes in extreme climatic indices: A case study of the Mediterranean climate, Marmara Region, Turkey. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 175 (11), 3861–3873.
  • Acar Deniz, Z. & Gönençgil, B. (2015). Trends of summer daily maximum temperature extremes in Turkey. Phys. Geogr., 36(4), 268-281.
  • Acar Deniz, Z. & Türkeş, M. (2011). Climatology of hot days of the 2010 summer in Turkey and analysis of its atmospheric causes. In: Proceedings of the National Geographical Congress with International Participation (CD-R), 7-10 September 2011, Turkish Geographical Society – İstanbul University.
  • Acar Deniz, Z. (2013). Türkiye’de yaz mevsimindeki sıcak günler ve sıcak günlerin eğilimleri (1970-2006) / Recent trends in observed hot days during summer season in Turkey (1970-2006). Türk Coğrafya Dergisi / Turkish Geography Journal, 61, 1-10.
  • Acar, Z., Gönençgil, B. & Korucu Gümüşoğlu, N. (2018). Long-term changes in hot and cold extremes in Turkey. Coğrafya Dergisi / Journal of Geography, 37, 57-67.
  • Adams, R. M., Hurd, B. H., Lenhart, S. & Leary, N. (1998). Effects of global climate change on agriculture: An interpretative review. Clim. Res. 11, 19–30.
  • Alexander, L. V., Zhang, X., Peterson, T.C., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, A.M.G., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeh, F., Tagipour, A., Rupa Kumar, K.,
  • Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, D.B., Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zha, P., Rusticucci, M. & Vazquez Aguirre, J. L. (2006). Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1–22.
  • Alpert, P., Krichak, S.O., Shafir. H., Haim. D. & Osetinsky, I. (2008). Climatic trends to extremes employing regional modelling and statistical interpretation over the E. Mediterranean. Global and Planetary Change, 63, 163–170.
  • Arseni-Papadimitriou, A. & Maheras, P. (1991). Some statistical characteristics of air temperature variations at four Mediterranean stations. Theor Appl Climatol 43: 105–112.
  • Atalay, İ. (2010). Uygulamalı Klimatoloji. İzmir: META Basım.
  • Aykır, D. (2017). Türkiye’de ekstrem sıcaklık indislerinin eğilimlerinde şehirleşmenin etkisi / Urbanization effect on trends of extreme temperature indices in Turkey. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi / Turkish Geography Journal, 69, 47-57.
  • Bayer Altın, T. & Barak, B. (2017). Trends and changes in tropical and summer days at the Adana Sub-Region of the Mediterranean Region, southern Turkey. Atmospheric Research, 196: 182–199.
  • Caloiero, T. (2017). The trend of monthly temperature and daily extreme temperature during 1951–2012 in New Zealand. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 129(1–2), 111– 127.
  • Christensen J. H. & Christensen O.B. (2007). A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century. Climatic Change, 81, 7–30.
  • Çiçek, İ. (2000). Türkiye’de termik dönemlerin yayılışı ve süreleri / Duration and the Dispertion of the Thermal Periods in Turkey). Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, Ankara University Journal of The Faculty of Languages and History- Geography, 40, 1-2, 189-212.
  • Diffenbaugh, N.S., Pal, J. S., Giorgi, F. & Gao X. (2007). Heat stress intensification in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L11706.
  • Dogan, M., Ulke, A. & Cigizoglu, H. K. (2015). Trend direction changes of Turkish temperature series in the first half of the 1990s. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 121(1–2), 23–39.
  • Dönmez, Y. (1984). Umumi Klimatoloji ve İklim Çalışmaları. İstanbul: Güryay Matbaacılık.
  • Erinç, S. (1984). Klimatoloji ve Metotları (3. Basım). İstanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 3278, Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Yayın No: 2, Gür-Ay Matbaacılık.
  • Erlat, E. & Türkeş, M. (2013). Observed changes and trends in numbers of summer and tropical days, and the 2010 hot summer in Turkey. International Journal of Climatology, 33: 1898–1908.
  • Erlat, E. & Türkeş, M. (2017).Türkiye’de tropikal gece sayılarında gözlenen değişmeler ve eğilimler / Observed variations and trends in number of tropical nights in Turkey. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi / Aegean Geographical Journal, 26 (2), 95-106.
  • Erlat, E. & Yavaşlı, D. D. (2009). Ege Bölgesinde tropikal günler ve yaz günlerinde gözlenen değişim ve eğilimler / Variation and trends in tropical and summer days at the Aegean Region of Turkey. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi / Aegean Geographical Journal, 18/ (1-2), 1-15.
  • Erlat, E. & Yavaşlı, D. D. (2011). Ege Bölgesi'nde Sıcaklık Ekstremlerinde Gözlenen Değişim ve Eğilimlerin Değerlendirilmesi / Assessment of variability and trends in temperature extremes over Aegean Region of Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi / Ankara University Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 25-37.
  • Erol, O. (1988). Genel Klimatoloji. İstanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 3526, Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Yayın No:9, Final Ofset Matbaacılık ve Ambalaj Sanayi.
  • Giannakopoulos, C., Le Sager, P., Bindi, M., Moriondo, M., Kostopoulou, E. & Goodess, C. M. (2009). Climatic changes and associated ımpacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2 °C global warming. Global and Planetary Change, 68, 209–224.
  • Giorgi, F. & Lionello, P. (2008). Climate change projections for the Mediterranean region. Global and Planetary Change, 63, 90–104.
  • Gönençgil, B. & Acar Deniz, Z. (2016). Extreme maximum and minimum air temperature in Mediterranean coasts in Turkey. Russian Geogr. Soc., 9, 59–70.
  • Güçlü, Y. (2015). Human thermal comfort situation in the Goller (Lakes) District of Turkey. Global Journal on Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. [Online], 07, 137-144.
  • Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M. & Lo, K. (2010). Global surface temperature change. Rev. Geophys. 48, RG4004. 1-29.
  • Hatfield, J.L. & Prueger, J.H. (2015). Temperature extremes: effect on plant growth and development. In: Weather and Climate Extremes. 10. pp. 4–10.
  • Hertig, E., Seubert, S. & Jacobeit, J.(2010). Temperature extremes in the Mediterranean area: trends in the past and assessments for the future. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 10, 2039–2050.
  • IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Summaries, Frequently Asked Questions, and Cross- Chapter Boxes. A Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken,P.R. Mastrandrea, & L.L. White (eds.)]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 190 pp.
  • Kadıoğlu, M. (1997). Trends in surface air temperature data over Turkey. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 511–520.
  • Kadıoğlu, M. (2012). Türkiye’nin Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’ne İlişkin İkinci Ulusal Bildirimi Hazırlık Faaliyetlerinin Desteklenmesi Projesi: Türkiye’de İklim Değişikliği Risk Yönetimi. Ankara: T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı.
  • Kadıoğlu, M., Şen, Z. & Gültekin, L. (2001). Variations and trends in Turkish seasonal heating and cooling degree-days. Climatic Change, 49, 209–223.
  • Kang, Y., Khan, S. & Ma, X. (2009). Climate change impacts on crop yield, crop water productivity and food security – a review. Prog. Nat. Sci., 19, 1665–1674.
  • Karabulut, M. (2012). Doğu Akdeniz’de ekstrem maksimum ve minimum sicakliklarin trend analizi / Analayzes of extreme maximum and minimum heats at the East Mediterranean. KSÜ Doğa Bil. Der., Özel Sayı/ KSU J. Nat. Sci. 37–44.
  • Karasar, N. (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Metotları (13. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kılıç, N. (2016). Analysis of precipitation-temperature records for many years in Konya. Master’s dissertation, Selçuk University, Institute of Science, Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department.
  • Klein Tank, A. & Können, G.P. (2003). Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–1999, Journal of Climate 16, 3665–3680.
  • Kostopoulou, E. & Jones, P.D. (2005). Assessment of climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 89, 69–85.
  • Kuglitsch, F.G., Toreti, A., Xoplaki, E., Della-Marta, P.M., Zerefos, C.S., Türkeş, M. & Luterbacher, J. (2010). Heat wave changes in the Eastern Mediterranean since 1960. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04802.
  • Lafta, A. M. & Lorenzen, J.H. (1995). Effect of high temperature on plant growth and carbohydrate metabolism in potato. Plant Physiol., 109, 637–643.
  • Lelieveld, J., Hadjinicolaou, P., Kostopoulou, E., Chenoweth, J., El Maayar, M., Giannakopoulos, C., Hannides, C., Lange, M. A., Tanarhte, M., Tyrlis, E. & Xoplaki, E. (2012). Climate change and ımpacts in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, Climatic Change, 114 (3–4), 667–687.
  • Nastos, P. T. & Matzarakis, A. P. (2008). Variability of tropical days over Greece within the second half of the twentieth century. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 93: 75–89.
  • Şensoy, S., Alan, I. & Demircan, M. (2008). Trends in Turkey climate extreme indices from 1971 to 2004. In: BALWOIS 2008, 1-9.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkoğlu, N., Akçakaya, A., Ekici, M., Demircan, M., Ulupınar, Y., Atay, H., Tüvan, A. & Demirbaş, H. (2013). Trends in Turkey climate indices from 1960 to 2010. In: 6th Atmospheric Science Symposium ATMOS 2013, 1-8.
  • Simolo, C., Brunetti, M., Maugeri, M. & Nanni, T. (2014). Increasingly warm summers in the Euro–Mediterranean zone: Mean temperatures and extremes. Reg. Environ. Chang., 14, 1825–1832.
  • Sütgibi, S. (2015). Büyük Menderes Havzasının sıcaklık, yağış ve akim değerlerindeki değişimler ve eğilimler/ Variations and trends in temperature, precipitation and stream-flow series in the Büyük Menderes River Basin, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi / Marmara Geography Journal 31, 398-414.
  • Toros, H. (2012). Spatio-temporal variation of daily extreme temperatures over Turkey. Int. J. Climatol., 32 (7), 1047–1055.
  • Türkes, M, Sümer, U.M. & Demir, İ. (2002). Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929–1999. International Journal of Climatology 22, 947–977.
  • Türkeş, M. & Altan, G. (2013). İklimsel değişimlerin ve orman yangınlarının Muğla Yöresindeki doğal çevre, doğa koruma alanları ve biyotaya etkilerinin bir ekolojik biyocoğrafya çözümlemesi / An ecological biogeography analysis of the ımpacts of climatic variations and forest fires on the natural environment, nature protection areas and biota in the Muğla District, Ege Coğrafya Dergisi / Aegean Geographical Journal, 22(2), 57-75.
  • Türkeş, M. & Sümer, U.M. (2004). Spatial and temporal patterns of trends and variability in diurnal temperature ranges of Turkey. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 77, 195–227.
  • Türkeş, M. (1995). Türkiye’de yıllık ortalama hava sıcaklıklarındaki değişimlerin ve eğilimlerin iklim değişikliği açısından analizi. Çevre ve Mühendis 9, 9-15.
  • Türkeş, M. (2012). Türkiye’de gözlenen ve öngörülen iklim değişikliği, kuraklık ve çölleşme / Observed and projected climate change, drought and desertification in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevre bilimleri Dergisi / Ankara University Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4 (2), 1-32.
  • Türkeş, M. (2013). İklim Verileri Kullanılarak Türkiye’nin Çölleşme Haritası Dokümanı Hazırlanması Raporu. Ankara: T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Çölleşme Ve Erozyonla Mücadele Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Türkeş, M., Sumer, U.M. & Kılıc, G. (1995). Variations and trends in annual mean air temperatures in Turkey with respect to climatic. Int. J. Climatol, 15, 557–571.
  • Türkeş, M., Utku, M.S. & Kılıç, G. (1996). Observed changes in maximum and minimum temperatures in Turkey. Int. J. Climatol. 16, 463–477.
  • Xoplaki, E., Gonzalez-Rouco, J. F., Luterbacher, J. & Wanner, H. (2003). Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs. Climate Dynamics 20: 723–739.
  • Zhang, X., Alexander, L., Hegerl, C.G., Jones, P., Tank, K. A., Peterson, C.T., Trewin, B. & Zwiers, W.F. (2011). Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data. WIREs Clim Change, 2:851–870.

CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 42, 631 - 649, 25.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.682246

Öz

Summer and tropical days are determined about the daily maximum air temperature values. Examining the annual numbers of summer and tropical days is one of the methods to reveal changes and trends in air temperatures and therefore in climate on a global, regional and local scale. This study aims to examine the long-term changes and trends of the annual numbers of summer and tropical days of the Lakes District of Turkey, which is located in the transition zone between Mediterranean climate and Central Anatolia continental climate between the period of 1969–2014 at 11 meteorological stations. Singular scanning method was used in the study. The results suggest that the numbers of summer and tropical days changed within the years of the period examined. In the analyzed period, it has been determined that the annual numbers of summer and tropical days and the annual numbers of tropical days change within years and periods, and show an increase, and trend lines also indicate an increase. It was determined that the number of tropical days showed a significant increase trend in all stations and in the average of the study area. Also, it has been determined that the annual numbers of summer days generally decrease over the years and periods and the trend lines also indicate a decrease. The number of summer days shows a decreasing trend that is not significant in Beyşehir, Eğirdir and Uluborlu stations, but significant in other stations and in the average of the study area. The increasing trend in tropical days can be considered as a potential risk for human health and activities and natural environment.

Kaynakça

  • Abbasnia, M. & Toros, H. (2018). Analysis of long-term changes in extreme climatic indices: A case study of the Mediterranean climate, Marmara Region, Turkey. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 175 (11), 3861–3873.
  • Acar Deniz, Z. & Gönençgil, B. (2015). Trends of summer daily maximum temperature extremes in Turkey. Phys. Geogr., 36(4), 268-281.
  • Acar Deniz, Z. & Türkeş, M. (2011). Climatology of hot days of the 2010 summer in Turkey and analysis of its atmospheric causes. In: Proceedings of the National Geographical Congress with International Participation (CD-R), 7-10 September 2011, Turkish Geographical Society – İstanbul University.
  • Acar Deniz, Z. (2013). Türkiye’de yaz mevsimindeki sıcak günler ve sıcak günlerin eğilimleri (1970-2006) / Recent trends in observed hot days during summer season in Turkey (1970-2006). Türk Coğrafya Dergisi / Turkish Geography Journal, 61, 1-10.
  • Acar, Z., Gönençgil, B. & Korucu Gümüşoğlu, N. (2018). Long-term changes in hot and cold extremes in Turkey. Coğrafya Dergisi / Journal of Geography, 37, 57-67.
  • Adams, R. M., Hurd, B. H., Lenhart, S. & Leary, N. (1998). Effects of global climate change on agriculture: An interpretative review. Clim. Res. 11, 19–30.
  • Alexander, L. V., Zhang, X., Peterson, T.C., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, A.M.G., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeh, F., Tagipour, A., Rupa Kumar, K.,
  • Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, D.B., Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zha, P., Rusticucci, M. & Vazquez Aguirre, J. L. (2006). Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1–22.
  • Alpert, P., Krichak, S.O., Shafir. H., Haim. D. & Osetinsky, I. (2008). Climatic trends to extremes employing regional modelling and statistical interpretation over the E. Mediterranean. Global and Planetary Change, 63, 163–170.
  • Arseni-Papadimitriou, A. & Maheras, P. (1991). Some statistical characteristics of air temperature variations at four Mediterranean stations. Theor Appl Climatol 43: 105–112.
  • Atalay, İ. (2010). Uygulamalı Klimatoloji. İzmir: META Basım.
  • Aykır, D. (2017). Türkiye’de ekstrem sıcaklık indislerinin eğilimlerinde şehirleşmenin etkisi / Urbanization effect on trends of extreme temperature indices in Turkey. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi / Turkish Geography Journal, 69, 47-57.
  • Bayer Altın, T. & Barak, B. (2017). Trends and changes in tropical and summer days at the Adana Sub-Region of the Mediterranean Region, southern Turkey. Atmospheric Research, 196: 182–199.
  • Caloiero, T. (2017). The trend of monthly temperature and daily extreme temperature during 1951–2012 in New Zealand. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 129(1–2), 111– 127.
  • Christensen J. H. & Christensen O.B. (2007). A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century. Climatic Change, 81, 7–30.
  • Çiçek, İ. (2000). Türkiye’de termik dönemlerin yayılışı ve süreleri / Duration and the Dispertion of the Thermal Periods in Turkey). Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, Ankara University Journal of The Faculty of Languages and History- Geography, 40, 1-2, 189-212.
  • Diffenbaugh, N.S., Pal, J. S., Giorgi, F. & Gao X. (2007). Heat stress intensification in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L11706.
  • Dogan, M., Ulke, A. & Cigizoglu, H. K. (2015). Trend direction changes of Turkish temperature series in the first half of the 1990s. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 121(1–2), 23–39.
  • Dönmez, Y. (1984). Umumi Klimatoloji ve İklim Çalışmaları. İstanbul: Güryay Matbaacılık.
  • Erinç, S. (1984). Klimatoloji ve Metotları (3. Basım). İstanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 3278, Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Yayın No: 2, Gür-Ay Matbaacılık.
  • Erlat, E. & Türkeş, M. (2013). Observed changes and trends in numbers of summer and tropical days, and the 2010 hot summer in Turkey. International Journal of Climatology, 33: 1898–1908.
  • Erlat, E. & Türkeş, M. (2017).Türkiye’de tropikal gece sayılarında gözlenen değişmeler ve eğilimler / Observed variations and trends in number of tropical nights in Turkey. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi / Aegean Geographical Journal, 26 (2), 95-106.
  • Erlat, E. & Yavaşlı, D. D. (2009). Ege Bölgesinde tropikal günler ve yaz günlerinde gözlenen değişim ve eğilimler / Variation and trends in tropical and summer days at the Aegean Region of Turkey. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi / Aegean Geographical Journal, 18/ (1-2), 1-15.
  • Erlat, E. & Yavaşlı, D. D. (2011). Ege Bölgesi'nde Sıcaklık Ekstremlerinde Gözlenen Değişim ve Eğilimlerin Değerlendirilmesi / Assessment of variability and trends in temperature extremes over Aegean Region of Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi / Ankara University Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 25-37.
  • Erol, O. (1988). Genel Klimatoloji. İstanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 3526, Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Yayın No:9, Final Ofset Matbaacılık ve Ambalaj Sanayi.
  • Giannakopoulos, C., Le Sager, P., Bindi, M., Moriondo, M., Kostopoulou, E. & Goodess, C. M. (2009). Climatic changes and associated ımpacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2 °C global warming. Global and Planetary Change, 68, 209–224.
  • Giorgi, F. & Lionello, P. (2008). Climate change projections for the Mediterranean region. Global and Planetary Change, 63, 90–104.
  • Gönençgil, B. & Acar Deniz, Z. (2016). Extreme maximum and minimum air temperature in Mediterranean coasts in Turkey. Russian Geogr. Soc., 9, 59–70.
  • Güçlü, Y. (2015). Human thermal comfort situation in the Goller (Lakes) District of Turkey. Global Journal on Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. [Online], 07, 137-144.
  • Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M. & Lo, K. (2010). Global surface temperature change. Rev. Geophys. 48, RG4004. 1-29.
  • Hatfield, J.L. & Prueger, J.H. (2015). Temperature extremes: effect on plant growth and development. In: Weather and Climate Extremes. 10. pp. 4–10.
  • Hertig, E., Seubert, S. & Jacobeit, J.(2010). Temperature extremes in the Mediterranean area: trends in the past and assessments for the future. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 10, 2039–2050.
  • IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Summaries, Frequently Asked Questions, and Cross- Chapter Boxes. A Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken,P.R. Mastrandrea, & L.L. White (eds.)]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 190 pp.
  • Kadıoğlu, M. (1997). Trends in surface air temperature data over Turkey. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 511–520.
  • Kadıoğlu, M. (2012). Türkiye’nin Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’ne İlişkin İkinci Ulusal Bildirimi Hazırlık Faaliyetlerinin Desteklenmesi Projesi: Türkiye’de İklim Değişikliği Risk Yönetimi. Ankara: T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı.
  • Kadıoğlu, M., Şen, Z. & Gültekin, L. (2001). Variations and trends in Turkish seasonal heating and cooling degree-days. Climatic Change, 49, 209–223.
  • Kang, Y., Khan, S. & Ma, X. (2009). Climate change impacts on crop yield, crop water productivity and food security – a review. Prog. Nat. Sci., 19, 1665–1674.
  • Karabulut, M. (2012). Doğu Akdeniz’de ekstrem maksimum ve minimum sicakliklarin trend analizi / Analayzes of extreme maximum and minimum heats at the East Mediterranean. KSÜ Doğa Bil. Der., Özel Sayı/ KSU J. Nat. Sci. 37–44.
  • Karasar, N. (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Metotları (13. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kılıç, N. (2016). Analysis of precipitation-temperature records for many years in Konya. Master’s dissertation, Selçuk University, Institute of Science, Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department.
  • Klein Tank, A. & Können, G.P. (2003). Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–1999, Journal of Climate 16, 3665–3680.
  • Kostopoulou, E. & Jones, P.D. (2005). Assessment of climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 89, 69–85.
  • Kuglitsch, F.G., Toreti, A., Xoplaki, E., Della-Marta, P.M., Zerefos, C.S., Türkeş, M. & Luterbacher, J. (2010). Heat wave changes in the Eastern Mediterranean since 1960. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04802.
  • Lafta, A. M. & Lorenzen, J.H. (1995). Effect of high temperature on plant growth and carbohydrate metabolism in potato. Plant Physiol., 109, 637–643.
  • Lelieveld, J., Hadjinicolaou, P., Kostopoulou, E., Chenoweth, J., El Maayar, M., Giannakopoulos, C., Hannides, C., Lange, M. A., Tanarhte, M., Tyrlis, E. & Xoplaki, E. (2012). Climate change and ımpacts in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, Climatic Change, 114 (3–4), 667–687.
  • Nastos, P. T. & Matzarakis, A. P. (2008). Variability of tropical days over Greece within the second half of the twentieth century. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 93: 75–89.
  • Şensoy, S., Alan, I. & Demircan, M. (2008). Trends in Turkey climate extreme indices from 1971 to 2004. In: BALWOIS 2008, 1-9.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkoğlu, N., Akçakaya, A., Ekici, M., Demircan, M., Ulupınar, Y., Atay, H., Tüvan, A. & Demirbaş, H. (2013). Trends in Turkey climate indices from 1960 to 2010. In: 6th Atmospheric Science Symposium ATMOS 2013, 1-8.
  • Simolo, C., Brunetti, M., Maugeri, M. & Nanni, T. (2014). Increasingly warm summers in the Euro–Mediterranean zone: Mean temperatures and extremes. Reg. Environ. Chang., 14, 1825–1832.
  • Sütgibi, S. (2015). Büyük Menderes Havzasının sıcaklık, yağış ve akim değerlerindeki değişimler ve eğilimler/ Variations and trends in temperature, precipitation and stream-flow series in the Büyük Menderes River Basin, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi / Marmara Geography Journal 31, 398-414.
  • Toros, H. (2012). Spatio-temporal variation of daily extreme temperatures over Turkey. Int. J. Climatol., 32 (7), 1047–1055.
  • Türkes, M, Sümer, U.M. & Demir, İ. (2002). Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929–1999. International Journal of Climatology 22, 947–977.
  • Türkeş, M. & Altan, G. (2013). İklimsel değişimlerin ve orman yangınlarının Muğla Yöresindeki doğal çevre, doğa koruma alanları ve biyotaya etkilerinin bir ekolojik biyocoğrafya çözümlemesi / An ecological biogeography analysis of the ımpacts of climatic variations and forest fires on the natural environment, nature protection areas and biota in the Muğla District, Ege Coğrafya Dergisi / Aegean Geographical Journal, 22(2), 57-75.
  • Türkeş, M. & Sümer, U.M. (2004). Spatial and temporal patterns of trends and variability in diurnal temperature ranges of Turkey. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 77, 195–227.
  • Türkeş, M. (1995). Türkiye’de yıllık ortalama hava sıcaklıklarındaki değişimlerin ve eğilimlerin iklim değişikliği açısından analizi. Çevre ve Mühendis 9, 9-15.
  • Türkeş, M. (2012). Türkiye’de gözlenen ve öngörülen iklim değişikliği, kuraklık ve çölleşme / Observed and projected climate change, drought and desertification in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevre bilimleri Dergisi / Ankara University Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4 (2), 1-32.
  • Türkeş, M. (2013). İklim Verileri Kullanılarak Türkiye’nin Çölleşme Haritası Dokümanı Hazırlanması Raporu. Ankara: T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Çölleşme Ve Erozyonla Mücadele Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Türkeş, M., Sumer, U.M. & Kılıc, G. (1995). Variations and trends in annual mean air temperatures in Turkey with respect to climatic. Int. J. Climatol, 15, 557–571.
  • Türkeş, M., Utku, M.S. & Kılıç, G. (1996). Observed changes in maximum and minimum temperatures in Turkey. Int. J. Climatol. 16, 463–477.
  • Xoplaki, E., Gonzalez-Rouco, J. F., Luterbacher, J. & Wanner, H. (2003). Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs. Climate Dynamics 20: 723–739.
  • Zhang, X., Alexander, L., Hegerl, C.G., Jones, P., Tank, K. A., Peterson, C.T., Trewin, B. & Zwiers, W.F. (2011). Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data. WIREs Clim Change, 2:851–870.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Yüksel Güçlü 0000-0002-5181-2717

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

APA Güçlü, Y. (2020). CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education(42), 631-649. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.682246
AMA Güçlü Y. CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014. IGGE. Temmuz 2020;(42):631-649. doi:10.32003/igge.682246
Chicago Güçlü, Yüksel. “CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 42 (Temmuz 2020): 631-49. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.682246.
EndNote Güçlü Y (01 Temmuz 2020) CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 42 631–649.
IEEE Y. Güçlü, “CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014”, IGGE, sy. 42, ss. 631–649, Temmuz 2020, doi: 10.32003/igge.682246.
ISNAD Güçlü, Yüksel. “CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014”. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 42 (Temmuz 2020), 631-649. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.682246.
JAMA Güçlü Y. CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014. IGGE. 2020;:631–649.
MLA Güçlü, Yüksel. “CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 42, 2020, ss. 631-49, doi:10.32003/igge.682246.
Vancouver Güçlü Y. CHANGES IN SUMMER AND TROPICAL DAYS AT THE LAKES DISTRICT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 1969-2014. IGGE. 2020(42):631-49.