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TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 136 - 158, 26.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.746447

Öz

Türkiye’de şehir nüfusu her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Nüfusu her yıl artan şehirlerden biri de Eskişehir’dir. Şehirdeki nüfusun artması aynı zamanda araç kullanımını arttırmaktadır. Araç ve sürücü sayısındaki artış trafikte problemlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu problemlerden bir tanesi de trafik kazalarıdır. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile birlikte Eskişehir’in iki merkez ilçesinde meydana gelen trafik kazaları zamansal ve mekânsal olarak incelenmiştir. Bu merkez ilçelerin seçilmesindeki sebepler ise nüfusun ve trafik akışının bu alan içerisinde yoğunluk göstermesidir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler; 2016- 2017 yılına ait trafik kaza ve 2012 yılına ait arazi kullanım verileridir. Analizlerin ve bulguların tespit edilmesi için ArcGIS 10.6 versiyonunda iki araç kullanılmıştır. Bu araçlar; nokta yoğunluk ve toplam vaka araçlarıdır. Bu araçların kullanılmasındaki amaç trafik kazalarının zamansal ve mekânsal bağlantılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Zamansal bağlantılar içerisinde trafik kazaları; iki yıl, mevsim, ay, haftanın günleri ve saat olarak incelenmiştir. Mekânsal bağlantılar içerisinde ise ilçe, mahalle ve karayolları üzerinde gerçekleşen trafik kazaları incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda trafik kazalarının; yıl bakımından hangi alanlarda yoğunlaştığı, hangi mevsimlerde artış gösterdiği, hangi aylarda arttığı, haftanın hangi günlerinde artış gösterdiği, saatlere göre dağılımı, ilçelere göre dağılımı, mahallelere göre dağılımı, karayollarına göre dağılımı incelenmiş ve kara noktalar tespit edilmiştir. Zaman bakımından trafik kazaları; ay bazında en fazla temmuz, gün bazında pazartesi ve cuma günleri, saat bazında 12.00 – 18.00 saatleri arasında gerçekleştiği çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Mekân bakımından trafik kazaları; Odunpazarı ilçesindeki kazalar Tepebaşı ilçesine göre daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Mahalle bazındaki incelemelerde ise trafik kazaları en fazla Merkez Mahallesi’nde meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

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TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: THE CASE OF ESKİŞEHİR CITY

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 136 - 158, 26.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.746447

Öz

Population in Turkey is increasing every year. One of the cities whose population increases every year is Eskişehir. The increase in the population of the city also increases the use of vehicles. The increase in the number of vehicles and drivers causes problems in traffic. One of these problems that arise is traffic accidents. With this study, traffic accidents that occurred in two central districts of Eskişehir were examined temporally and spatially. The reasons for choosing the two central districts are that the population and traffic flow are concentrated in this area. Data used in the research; traffic accident for 2016-2017 and land use data for 2012. The method was chosen according to the purpose of the study. Two tools are used in ArcGIS to identify analyzes and findings. These are point density and total event tools. The purpose of using these tools is to reveal the temporal and spatial connections of traffic accidents. Traffic accidents within the temporal connections are examined in years, seasons, months, days of the week and hours. Within the spatial connections, traffic accidents on the district, neighborhood and highways were examined. As a result of the analyzes, traffic accidents; in which areas it is concentrated in terms of years, in which seasons it has increased, in which months it has increased, on which days of the week it has increased, its distribution by hours, distribution by districts, distribution by neighborhoods, distribution by roads and black spots are determined.

Kaynakça

  • Abdolmanafi, S. E. & Karamad, S. (2019). A new approach for resource allocation for black spot treatment (case study: the road network of Iran). Journal of Safety Research, 69, 95-100.
  • Aghajani, M. A., Dezfoulian, R. S., Arjroody, A. R. & Rezaei, M. (2017). Applying GIS to ıdentify the spatial and temporal patterns of road accidents using spatial statistics (case study: Ilam Province, Iran). Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 2126-2138.
  • Ağaoğlu, M. N. & Başdemir, H. (2019). Kent içi ulaşım sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 8(1), 27-36.
  • Ağın, C. (2015). Türkiye’de şehirlerdeki toplu ulaşım sistemleri sorunlarının çözümlenmesinde toplumsal davranışların etkilerinin planlama süreci kapsamında incelenmesi. İzmir-Karşıyaka örneği. (Yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Ali, R., Khan, M. R. & Mehmood, H. (2017). Incidence of violence risk mapping using GIS: a case study of Pakistan. Journal of Geographic Information System, 9, 623-636.
  • Altwaijri, S. A. (2013). Analysing traffic crashes in Riyadh City using statistical models and geographic ınformation systems. (Doctoral dissertation, Loughborough University, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough). Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/2134/12556.
  • Ando, R., Higuchi, K. & Mimura, Y. (2018). Data analysis on traffic accident and urban crime: a case study in Toyota City. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 7, 103-113.
  • Aronoff, S. (1989). Geographic ınformation systems: a management perspective. Geocarto International, 4(4), 58-58.
  • Atalay, İ. & Mortan, K. (2011). Resimli ve Haritalı Türkiye Bölgesel Coğrafyası. İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınları.
  • Bekele, T. G. (2019). Road traffic accident cause and effect on socio economy of Addis Ababa city. Economics And Social Sciences Academic Journal, 1(4), 21-37.
  • Bhavan, T. (2019). The economic ımpact of road accidents: the case of Sri Lanka. South Asia Economic Journal, 20(1), 124-137.
  • Briz-Redón, Á., Martínez-Ruiz, F. & Montes, F. (2019). Spatial analysis of traffic accidents near and between road intersections in a directed linear network. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 132, 105-252.
  • Burrough, P. A. (1986). Principles of geographical ınformation systems for land resources assement. Geocarto International, 1(3), 54.
  • Carter, J. R. (1989). On defining the geographic ınformation system. In W. J. Ripple (Ed.), Advanced in fundamentals of geographic information systems: a compendium (pp. 3-7). Falls Church, Va: American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
  • Casado-Sanz, N. & Guirao, B. (2018). Analysis of the impact of population ageing and territorial factors on Crosstown Roads safety: The Spanish case study. Transportation Research Procedia, 33, 283-290.
  • Chen, S., Kuhn, M., Prettner, K. & Bloom, D. E. (2019). The global macroeconomic burden of road injuries: estimates and projections for 166 countries. Lancet Planet Health, 3, 390-398.
  • Chrisman, N. R. (1999). What does “GIS” mean?. Transactions in GIS, 3(2), 175-186.
  • Copernicus (2020). 10 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde https://land.copernicus.eu/local/urban-atlas/urban-atlas-2012? tab=mapview, adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Corso, A. J., Leroy, G. & Alsusdais, A. (2015). Toward Predictive Crime Analysis via Social Media, Big Data, and GIS, and GIS Spatial Correlation. In Conference Schools: Newport Beach, CA, USA.
  • Costache, R. & Popescu, C. (2013). The touristic accessibility in the Hunedoara County in terms of road network. Geographia Technica, 8(2), 1-12.
  • Cowen, D. J. (1988). GIS versus CAD versus DBMS: what are the difference?. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54, 1551-1555.
  • Çağlıyan, A., Dağlı, D. & Ayhan, G. (2016). Traffic accident analysis of the City of Elazığ by geographical information system. 4th International Geography Symposium. Antalya, Turkey.
  • Çiçek, M. (2007). Trafik bilgi sistemi verileri ile Ankara İli trafik güvenliğinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Dereli, M. A. (2016). Trafik kaza kara noktalarının belirlenmesi için coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (Cbs) destekli mekânsal istatistiksel metotlar ile bir model geliştirilmesi. (Doktora tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Afyon) https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
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  • Goodchild, M. F. (2009). Geographic ınformation systems and science: today and tomorrow. Annals of GIS, 15(1), 3-9.
  • Goodchild, M. F. (2018). Reimagining the history of GIS. Annals of GIS, 24(1), 1-8.
  • Gökçe, S. (2015). Trafik kazalarının koordinat verileri ile mekansal analizi: Ankara örneği. (Doktora tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara).
  • Gregory, I. N. & Healey, R. G. (2007). Historical GIS: structuring, mapping and analysing geographies of the past. Progress in Human Geography, 31(5), 638-653.
  • Hayat, R. B., Debbarh, M., Antoniou, C. & Yannis, G. (2013). Explaining the road accident risk: weather effects. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 60: 456-465.
  • Haybat, H. & Karakaş, E. (2018). An analysis of traffic accidents with spatial statistical methods in Izmir Province. Social Science Development Journal, 3, 599-617.
  • Jones, A. P., Haynes, R., Kennedy, V., Harvey, I. M., Jewell, T. & Lea, D. (2008). Geographical variations in mortality and morbidity from road traffic accidents in England and Wales. Health & Place, 14, 519-535.
  • Kababulut, F. Y. & Helvacı, C. (2017). Büyük şehirlerde ulaşım sistemleri ve sorunları: İzmir İli özelindeki sorunlara çözüm önerileri. Planlama, 27(3), 215-221.
  • Karakaş, E., Aslan, H. & Karadoğan, S. (2009). Elazığ şehrindeki trafik kazalarıyla iklim ilişkisinin analizi. Nature Sciences, e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 4(3), 53-69.
  • Kaygısız, Ö. & Akın, S. Ç. (2007). Konumsal kaza verileri analiz edilerek etkin trafik denetim ve kaza bilirkişilik politikalarının oluşturulması. Trafik ve yol güvenliği konferansı kitabı içinde (s.132-144). Ankara: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Trafik Başkanlığı.
  • Kemp, K. K., Goodchild, M.F. & Dodson (1992). Teaching GIS in geography. The Professional Geographer, 44(2), 181-191.
  • Korter, G. O., Olubusoye, O. E. & Salisu, A. A. (2014). Spatial modelling of road traffic accidents in Oyo State,
  • Nigeria. African Journal of Sustainable Development (AJSD), 4(2), 99-118.
  • Kundakcı, E. (2014). Identification of traffic accident hot spots and their characteristics in urban area by using GIS. (Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University, Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies, Ankara). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
  • Kuo, P., Lord, D. & Walden, T. D. (2013). Using geographical information systems to organize police patrol routes effectively by grouping hotspots of crash and crime data. Journal of Transport Geography, 30, 138-148.
  • Kuruvilla, G. & Saud, J. (2017). Problem solving and counter measures for road accident prone environments. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(2), 69-74.
  • Kuşkapan, E., Alemdar, K. D., Kaya, Ö. & Çodur, M. Y. (2019). Traffic accidents caused by pedestrians in Turkey. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 9(1), 118-126.
  • Levine, J. & Landis, J. D. (1989). Geographic ınformation systems for local planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55, 209-220.
  • Li, Y., Abdel-Aty, M., Yuan, J., Cheng, Z. & Lu, J. (2020). Analyzing traffic violation behavior at urban ıntersections: A spatiotemporal kernel density estimation approach using automated enforcement system data. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 141, 105-509.
  • Marti-Henneberg, J. (2011). Geographical ınformation systems and the study of history. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 42(1), 1-13.
  • Mohammed, A. A., Ambak, K., Mosa, A. M. & Syamsunur, D. (2019). A review of the traffic accidents and related practices worldwide. The Open Transportation Journal, 13, 65-83.
  • Nitin, G., & Adnan, A. H. (2006). Exploring the relationship between development and road traffic injuries: a case study from India. European Journal of Public Health, 16(5), 487-491.
  • OICA (2020). 6 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde http://www.oica.net/category/sales-statistics/, adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Okafor, K., Azuike, E. & Okojie, P. (2017). The causes and prevalence of road traffic accidents amongst commercial long distance drivers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 26(3), 220-230.
  • Oris, W. N. (2011). Spatial analysis of fatal automobile crashes in Kentucky. (Master dissertation, Western Kentucky University, The Faculty of the Department of Geography and Geology, Kentucky). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1119/.
  • Pagany, R. & Dorner, W. (2016). Spatiotemporal analysis for wildlife-vehicle-collisions based on accident statistics of the County Straubing-Bogen in Lower Bavarıa. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B8, 739-745.
  • Parker, H. D. (1988). The Unique qualities of a geographic information system: a commentary. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54(11), 1547-1549.
  • Peuquet, D. J. & Marble, D. F. (1990). Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems. USA: Taylor & Francis.
  • Poudel, K. (2007). Application of geographic information systems in the geographical research. The Third Pole, 5(7), 37-42.
  • Prasannakumar, V., Vijith, H., Charutha, R. & Geetha, N. (2011). Spatio-temporal clustering of road accidents: GIS based analysis and assessment. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 317-325.
  • Said, S. N. B. M., Zahran, E. M. M. & Shams, S. (2017). Forest fire risk assessment using hotspot analysis in GIS. The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 11, 786-801.
  • Sang, K. & Piovan, S. E. (2019). The application of GIS in railway heritage management: the case of Yunnan- Vietnam Railway. 29th International Cartographic Conference. Tokyo, Japan.
  • Saplıoğlu, M. & Karaşahin, M. (2006). Coğrafi bilgi sistemi yardımı ile Isparta İli kentiçi trafik kaza analizi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 321-332.
  • Sonti, S. (2015). Apllication of geographic information system (GIS) in forest management. Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters, 5, 145-150.
  • Silverman, B. W. (1986). Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Smith, T. R., Menon, S., Starr, J. L. & Estes, J. E. (1987). Requirements and Principles for the implementation and construction of large-scale geographic information systems. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1, 13-31.
  • Soltani, A. & Askari, S. (2014). Analysis of ıntra-urban traffic accidents using spatiotemporal visualızation techniques. Transport and Telecommunication, 15, 227-232.
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  • Wang, C. (2010). The relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents: an econometric approach using GIS. (Doctoral dissertation, Loughborough University, Institutional Repository, Loughborough). Retrieved from https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/The_relationship_between_traffic_congestion_and_road_accidents_a n_econometric_approach_using_GIS/9455504.
  • Waters, N. (2017). The International Encyclopedia Of Geography. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2018). 06 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2018/en/, adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Worrall, L. (1994). The role of GIS-based spatial amalysis in strategic management in local government. Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 18(5), 323-332.
  • Yardımcıoğlu, F. (2013). Ulaşım Hizmetleri (Kamu Hizmetleri Perspektifi). Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Yeh, A. G. & Chow, M. H. (1996). An integrated GIS and location–allocation approach to public facilities planning. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 20, 339-350.
  • Yeh, A. G. (1991). The development and applications of geographic information systems for urban and regional planning in the developing countries. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5, 5-27.
  • Yılmaz, İ., Erdoğan, S., Baybura, T., Güllü, M. & Uysal, M. (2009). Coğrafi bilgi sistemi yardımıyla trafik kazalarının analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 135-150.
  • Yu, W. (2017). Assessing the implications of the recent community opening policy on The Street Centrality in China: a GIS-based method and case study. Applied Geography, 89, 61-76.
  • Zhang, Y,, Lu, H. & Qu, W. (2020). Geographical detection of traffic accidents spatial stratified heterogeneity and influence factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(2), 572.
  • Zou, X. & Vu, H. L. (2019). Mapping the knowledge domain of road safety studies: a scientometric analysis. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 132, 105-243.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Tamer Özlü

Himmet Haybat

Hüseyin Zerenoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 43

Kaynak Göster

APA Özlü, T., Haybat, H., & Zerenoğlu, H. (2021). TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education(43), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.746447
AMA Özlü T, Haybat H, Zerenoğlu H. TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ. IGGE. Ocak 2021;(43):136-158. doi:10.32003/igge.746447
Chicago Özlü, Tamer, Himmet Haybat, ve Hüseyin Zerenoğlu. “TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 43 (Ocak 2021): 136-58. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.746447.
EndNote Özlü T, Haybat H, Zerenoğlu H (01 Ocak 2021) TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 43 136–158.
IEEE T. Özlü, H. Haybat, ve H. Zerenoğlu, “TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ”, IGGE, sy. 43, ss. 136–158, Ocak 2021, doi: 10.32003/igge.746447.
ISNAD Özlü, Tamer vd. “TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ”. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 43 (Ocak 2021), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.746447.
JAMA Özlü T, Haybat H, Zerenoğlu H. TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ. IGGE. 2021;:136–158.
MLA Özlü, Tamer vd. “TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 43, 2021, ss. 136-58, doi:10.32003/igge.746447.
Vancouver Özlü T, Haybat H, Zerenoğlu H. TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ. IGGE. 2021(43):136-58.