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Agricultural sector and land ownership status in romania (1990-2020)

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 49, 191 - 210, 03.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1244859

Öz

Romania has 7.2 % of the total agricultural area of the European Union Countries with 13.8 million hectares of agricultural land. The political regime changes in the country and the European Union membership caused structural changes in land ownership. After 1990, as a result of the distribution of large farm lands to the public, the fields were divided into small parcels. Legal arrangements made during Romania's EU accession process and after full membership in 2007 enabled multinational companies to own large lands through leasing and purchasing. In this study, which covers the years between 1990 and 2020, the change of land ownership in Romania in the form of state, individual producer and enterprises with legal personality is revealed. The cultivation area of corn, wheat and sunflower, the production amount and the change of productivity over the years are shown in tables to set an example. With the NUTS classification used in EU countries, Romania was divided into 8 regions and examined. FAOSTAT and the Romanian National Statistical Agency are taken as the source. Land use data was provided by CORINE and created in the ARCMap environment.

Kaynakça

  • Avcı, S. (2008). Romanya, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 35, s.167-168.
  • Băcanu, C., Boboc, M. G., Fasola, C. C., Bondari, V., Zugravu, G. A., Rahoveanu, M. M., & Stanciu, S. (2017). The wheat market in Romania, The 29th IBIMA Conference: Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020: From Regional Development Sustainability to Global, Austria, 1472-1482.
  • Balcı, B. (2021). Romanya'da tarım ve hayvancılık. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul).
  • Bongioanni, M. (2014). Romania: Land for sale. World Policy Journal, 31(1), 99-105.
  • Bouniol, J. (2013). Scramble for land in Romania: Iron fist in a velvet glove. Land Concentration Land Grabbing and People’s Struggles in Europe, 146-167.
  • Bruma, I. S., & Bohateret, V. M. (2015). The implications of the agricultural holdings with legal entity when using the agricultural lands in Romania. Agrarian Economy and Rural Development - Realities and Perspectives for Romania, 6, 105-112.
  • Burja, V., Tamas-Szora, A., & Dobra, I. B. (2020). Land concentration land grabbing and sustainable development of agriculture in Romania. Sustainability, 12(5), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052137
  • Can, R. R. (2021). Romanya’da modernizasyon ve işgücü kıtlığı arasında tarımsal sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Uludağ Üniv., Fen-Edeb. Fak., Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(40), 603-632. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.795734
  • Cojocinescu, M. I., Balaj, C., Stoica, D., Cozma-Häusler, D. P., & Man, T. E.(2017). National rehabilitation programme of the main irrigation infrastructure. Transaction on Hydrotechnics, 62(1), 38-42.
  • Constantin C., Luminita, C., & Vasile, A. J. (2017). Land Grabbing: A review of extent and possible consequences in Romania. Land Use Policy, 62, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.001
  • Dumitru, E. A., Badan, D. N., Petre, I. L., & Bratulescu, A. M. (2020). Analysis of agriculture holdings in Romania in terms of size. Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(1), 193-198.
  • Farmlandgrab (2014). Over a third of Romania’s fertile land is now owned by foreigners.
  • Feher, A., Goșa, V., Raicov, M., Haranguș, D., & Condea, B. V. (2017), Convergence of Romanian and Europe Union agriculture – evolution and prospective assessment. Land Use Policy, 6, 670-678.
  • Flanders state of the art (2017). Agriculture in Romania. Flanders Investment & Trade Market Survey.
  • Giurca, D. (2008). Semi-subsistence farming – Prospects for the small Romanian farmer to choose between a ‘way of life’ or efficiency. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 5(3-4), 215-230.
  • Gosa, V., & Nagy, A. (2008). A few considerations on financing sustainable development of agriculture and rural area in Romania. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 5(3-4), 129-141.
  • Horváth, I. (2016). Internal migration transition in Romania?, Regional Statistics, 6(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.15196/RS06103
  • Kay, S. (2016). Land grabbing and land concentration in Europe. A research brief. Transnational Institute for HOTL.
  • Mandacı, N. (2018). Tarihsel devamlılık bağlamında Romanya ve Bulgaristan’da toprak yağması süreçleri. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 15(57), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.518044
  • Mandacı, N., & Tutan, M. U. (2017). Global land grab and the Balkans: Continuity and changes in a unique historical context. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 20(3), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2018.1379754
  • Micu, M. M., & Tudor, V. (2012). Distribution of farms and utilized agricultural area of Romania by the size classes according to legal personalities. Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 12(1), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.036
  • Popovici, E. A., Balteanu, D., & Kucsicsa, G. (2013). Assessment of changes in land-use and land-cover pattern in Romania using CORINE Land Cover database. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 8(4), 195-208.
  • Popovici, E. A., Balteanu, D., & Kucsicsa, G.(2016). Utilizarea terenurilor şi dezvoltarea actuala a agriculturii, Natura şi Societate. Editura Academiei Romane, 329-376.
  • Popovici, E. A., Mitrica, B., & Mocanu, I. (2018). Land concentration and land grabbing: Implications for the socio-economic development of rural communities in south-eastern Romania. Outlook on Agriculture, 47(3), 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727018781138
  • Rahoveanu, A. T., & Rahoveanu, M. M. (2013). Analysis of labor productivity in agricultural holdings in Romania.
  • Sabates-Wheeler, R.(2005). Cooperation in the Romanian countryside: An insight into post-Soviet agriculture, Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Szocs, A., Rodriguez M., & Srovnalova, A. (2015). Land grabbing in Romania – Fact finding mission report, Eco Ruralis.
  • UN Population Division (2020). 2 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde https://population.un.org/wpp/DataSources/642, United Nations Population Division adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Yıldız, N. T. (2018) Bulgaristan ve Romanya’nın Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 1-16.

Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020).

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 49, 191 - 210, 03.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1244859

Öz

Romanya 13,8 milyon hektar tarım arazisiyle Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin toplam tarım alanın % 7,2’sine sahiptir. Ülkede yaşanan siyasi rejim değişikleri ve Avrupa Birliği üyeliği, arazi mülkiyetinde yapısal değişime sebep oldu. 1990 sonrasında büyük çiftlik arazilerinin halka dağıtılması sonucu tarlalar küçük parsellere bölündü. Romanya’nın AB’ye katılım sürecinde ve 2007’de gerçekleşen tam üyelik sonrasında yapılan yasal düzenlemeler, çok uluslu şirketlerin kiralama ve satın almalar yoluyla büyük arazilere sahip olmalarını sağladı. 1990 ile 2020 yılları arasını kapsayan bu çalışmada, Romanya’daki arazi mülkiyetinin devlet, bireysel üretici ve tüzel kişiliğe sahip işletmeler şeklinde yıllara göre değişimi ortaya konulmaktadır. Mısır, buğday ve ayçiçeğinin ekim alanı, üretim miktarı ve verimliliğin yıllara göre değişimi, örnek teşkil etmesi adına tablolar şeklinde gösterilmektedir. AB ülkelerinde kullanılan NUTS sınıflandırması ile Romanya 8 bölgeye ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Kaynak olarak, FAOSTAT ve Romanya Ulusal İstatistik Ajansı esas alınmıştır. Arazi kullanımı verileri CORINE tarafından sağlanmış ve ARCMap ortamında oluşturulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Avcı, S. (2008). Romanya, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 35, s.167-168.
  • Băcanu, C., Boboc, M. G., Fasola, C. C., Bondari, V., Zugravu, G. A., Rahoveanu, M. M., & Stanciu, S. (2017). The wheat market in Romania, The 29th IBIMA Conference: Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020: From Regional Development Sustainability to Global, Austria, 1472-1482.
  • Balcı, B. (2021). Romanya'da tarım ve hayvancılık. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul).
  • Bongioanni, M. (2014). Romania: Land for sale. World Policy Journal, 31(1), 99-105.
  • Bouniol, J. (2013). Scramble for land in Romania: Iron fist in a velvet glove. Land Concentration Land Grabbing and People’s Struggles in Europe, 146-167.
  • Bruma, I. S., & Bohateret, V. M. (2015). The implications of the agricultural holdings with legal entity when using the agricultural lands in Romania. Agrarian Economy and Rural Development - Realities and Perspectives for Romania, 6, 105-112.
  • Burja, V., Tamas-Szora, A., & Dobra, I. B. (2020). Land concentration land grabbing and sustainable development of agriculture in Romania. Sustainability, 12(5), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052137
  • Can, R. R. (2021). Romanya’da modernizasyon ve işgücü kıtlığı arasında tarımsal sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Uludağ Üniv., Fen-Edeb. Fak., Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(40), 603-632. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.795734
  • Cojocinescu, M. I., Balaj, C., Stoica, D., Cozma-Häusler, D. P., & Man, T. E.(2017). National rehabilitation programme of the main irrigation infrastructure. Transaction on Hydrotechnics, 62(1), 38-42.
  • Constantin C., Luminita, C., & Vasile, A. J. (2017). Land Grabbing: A review of extent and possible consequences in Romania. Land Use Policy, 62, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.001
  • Dumitru, E. A., Badan, D. N., Petre, I. L., & Bratulescu, A. M. (2020). Analysis of agriculture holdings in Romania in terms of size. Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(1), 193-198.
  • Farmlandgrab (2014). Over a third of Romania’s fertile land is now owned by foreigners.
  • Feher, A., Goșa, V., Raicov, M., Haranguș, D., & Condea, B. V. (2017), Convergence of Romanian and Europe Union agriculture – evolution and prospective assessment. Land Use Policy, 6, 670-678.
  • Flanders state of the art (2017). Agriculture in Romania. Flanders Investment & Trade Market Survey.
  • Giurca, D. (2008). Semi-subsistence farming – Prospects for the small Romanian farmer to choose between a ‘way of life’ or efficiency. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 5(3-4), 215-230.
  • Gosa, V., & Nagy, A. (2008). A few considerations on financing sustainable development of agriculture and rural area in Romania. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 5(3-4), 129-141.
  • Horváth, I. (2016). Internal migration transition in Romania?, Regional Statistics, 6(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.15196/RS06103
  • Kay, S. (2016). Land grabbing and land concentration in Europe. A research brief. Transnational Institute for HOTL.
  • Mandacı, N. (2018). Tarihsel devamlılık bağlamında Romanya ve Bulgaristan’da toprak yağması süreçleri. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 15(57), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.518044
  • Mandacı, N., & Tutan, M. U. (2017). Global land grab and the Balkans: Continuity and changes in a unique historical context. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 20(3), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2018.1379754
  • Micu, M. M., & Tudor, V. (2012). Distribution of farms and utilized agricultural area of Romania by the size classes according to legal personalities. Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 12(1), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.036
  • Popovici, E. A., Balteanu, D., & Kucsicsa, G. (2013). Assessment of changes in land-use and land-cover pattern in Romania using CORINE Land Cover database. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 8(4), 195-208.
  • Popovici, E. A., Balteanu, D., & Kucsicsa, G.(2016). Utilizarea terenurilor şi dezvoltarea actuala a agriculturii, Natura şi Societate. Editura Academiei Romane, 329-376.
  • Popovici, E. A., Mitrica, B., & Mocanu, I. (2018). Land concentration and land grabbing: Implications for the socio-economic development of rural communities in south-eastern Romania. Outlook on Agriculture, 47(3), 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727018781138
  • Rahoveanu, A. T., & Rahoveanu, M. M. (2013). Analysis of labor productivity in agricultural holdings in Romania.
  • Sabates-Wheeler, R.(2005). Cooperation in the Romanian countryside: An insight into post-Soviet agriculture, Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Szocs, A., Rodriguez M., & Srovnalova, A. (2015). Land grabbing in Romania – Fact finding mission report, Eco Ruralis.
  • UN Population Division (2020). 2 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde https://population.un.org/wpp/DataSources/642, United Nations Population Division adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Yıldız, N. T. (2018) Bulgaristan ve Romanya’nın Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 1-16.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Halil Kurt 0000-0002-8805-8201

Burkay Balcı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5271-5900

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 49

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurt, H., & Balcı, B. (2023). Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020). Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education(49), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1244859
AMA Kurt H, Balcı B. Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020). IGGE. Haziran 2023;(49):191-210. doi:10.32003/igge.1244859
Chicago Kurt, Halil, ve Burkay Balcı. “Romanya’da tarım sektörü Ve Arazi mülkiyet Durumu (1990-2020)”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 49 (Haziran 2023): 191-210. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1244859.
EndNote Kurt H, Balcı B (01 Haziran 2023) Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020). lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 49 191–210.
IEEE H. Kurt ve B. Balcı, “Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020)”., IGGE, sy. 49, ss. 191–210, Haziran 2023, doi: 10.32003/igge.1244859.
ISNAD Kurt, Halil - Balcı, Burkay. “Romanya’da tarım sektörü Ve Arazi mülkiyet Durumu (1990-2020)”. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 49 (Haziran 2023), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1244859.
JAMA Kurt H, Balcı B. Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020). IGGE. 2023;:191–210.
MLA Kurt, Halil ve Burkay Balcı. “Romanya’da tarım sektörü Ve Arazi mülkiyet Durumu (1990-2020)”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 49, 2023, ss. 191-10, doi:10.32003/igge.1244859.
Vancouver Kurt H, Balcı B. Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020). IGGE. 2023(49):191-210.