Türkiye’deki Bebek ve Devam Formülleri ile Ek Gıdaların Etiket Bilgilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, , 125 - 143, 30.04.2024

Hatice Merve Bayram , S. Arda Öztürkcan

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1446001

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı piyasada satılan bebek ve devam formülleri ile ek gıdaların etiketlerinde belirtilen besin içeriklerini değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca bebek formülleri ile anne sütü, besin değerleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma kesitsel bir çalışma olup, İstanbul’da yer alan marketlerde bulunan bebek ve devam formülleri ile ek gıdaların içerik bilgileri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 11 farklı markadan 18 çeşit bebek formülü, 10 farklı markadan 17 çeşit devam formülü 1, 11 farklı markadan 25 çeşit devam formülü 2 ve 11 farklı markadan 79 çeşit ek gıda (%48.1’i tahıl bazlı, %51.9’u tahıl bazlı olmayan) dahil edilmiştir. Bebek formüllerinin %11.1’i, laktoz ve %10.0’ı toplam yağa göre; devam formüllerinin ise %48.0’ı kolin, %14.3’ü folik asit ve %4.8’i protein açısından düşük olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Tahıl bazlı ek gıdaların %100’ü B1 vitamini ve %100’ü sodyum, %97.4’ü yağ, %94.7’si protein ve %73.9’u C vitamini açısından; tahıl bazlı olmayan ek gıdaların ise %100’ü A vitamini ve %80.5’i protein açısından düşük olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Olgun anne sütünde bebek formüllerine göre enerji, toplam yağ ve B12 vitamini daha yüksek olup istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bebek ve devam formülleri ile ek gıdaların besin içeriklerinin tebliğlere göre genelinin uygun olduğu saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte devam formüllerinin özellikle kolin ve folik asit açısından, ek gıdaların ise protein, B1 vitamini ve A vitamini açısından iyileştirilmesi faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bebek formülü, devam formülü, ek gıda, anne sütü, etiket bilgisi

Evaluation of the Energy and Nutrients Contents of Infant and Follow-on Formulas and Supplementary Foods in Turkey

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of infant and follow-on formulas and supplementary foods as stated on the labels. Additionally, infant formulas were compared with mature breast milk.
Method: This study is a cross-sectional study and the content information of infant and follow-up formulas and complementary foods available in markets in Istanbul were included in the study.
Results: A total of 18 types of infant formula from 11 different brands, 17 types of follow-on formula 1 from 10 different brands, 25 types of follow-on formula 2 from 11 different brands, and 79 types of complementary foods (48.1% cereal-based and 51.9% non-cereal-based) from 11 different brands were included in the study. The infant formulas had 11.1% less lactose and 10.0% less total fat; the follow-up formulas had 48.0% less choline, 14.3% less folic acid, and 4.8% less protein. 100% of cereal supplements were low for vitamin B1 and 100% for sodium, 97.4% for fat, 94.7% for protein, and 73.9% for vitamin C. 100% of non-cereal supplements were low for vitamin A and 80.5% for protein. Energy, total fat, and vitamin B12 were significantly higher in mature breast milk compared to infant formulas (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was found that the nutrient contents of infant and follow-on formulas and supplementary foods were generally appropriate according to the communiqués. However, it would be beneficial to improve follow-on formulas, especially regarding choline and folic acid, and supplementary foods in terms of protein, vitamin B1, and vitamin A.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Infant formula, follow-on formula, complementary food, breast milk, label information

Kaynakça

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