Doğum Turizmi: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Öz

Amaç: Medikal turizm kapsamında yapılan doğum turizminin önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bunun neticesinde de doğum turizmi konusunda farkındalık oluşturacak çalışmaların da önemi artış göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı doğum turizmi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların sistematik derlemesini yapmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında literatür taraması PubMed, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın kapsamı İngilizce dilinde, tam metin olarak yayımlanan doğum turizmi ile ilgili araştırma makaleleri ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Tarama sonucunda 601 çalışmaya belirtilen veri tabanlarından, 9 çalışmaya ise el ile yapılan taramadan ulaşılmış olup tarama sonucunda toplamda 610 çalışma elde edilmiştir. Belirlenen dâhil etme kriterleri çerçevesinde 19 çalışma kapsama alınmıştır. Bulgular: 2016-2023 yılları arasında yer alan çalışmaların araştırma yöntemleri nitel, nicel ve karma şeklinde olup doğum yapmak için giden annelerin Ganalı, Çinli ve Tayvanlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doğum yapmak için gidilen destinasyonlar ise Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Hong Kong ve Kanada’dır. Doğum turizmi kapsamında annelerin yurt dışına gitme nedenlerine bakıldığında ise çocuklarına iyi bir gelecek imkânı sunma, vatandaşlık elde etme, daha iyi sağlık hizmetinden yararlanma olanağı, göç etmek, yaşadıkları ülkenin izledikleri politika, kişisel seçim ve yaşanılan ülkeye duyulan güven eksikliği şeklinde tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Literatürde yer alan mevcut çalışmaların sistematik derleme yöntemiyle irdelendiği mevcut çalışma sonucunda doğum turizmi konulu çalışmaların niceliksel olarak yeterli olmadığı saptanmış ve doğum turizmine yönelik çalışmaların artırılması gerekliliği ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca hem derleme hem de alan araştırması türünde yapılacak çalışmalarla doğum turizminin tanımı, avantajları-dezavantajları, anne deneyimleri gibi önem arz eden konulara değinilerek alan farkındalığı oluşturulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Medikal turizm
• doğum turizmi
• sistematik derleme

Birth Tourism: A Systematic Review

Öz

Aim: The importance of birth tourism within the scope of medical tourism has increased day by day. Therefore, the importance of studies that will raise awareness about birth tourism has also increased. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to systematically review the studies conducted on birth tourism. Method: The literature was reviewed via PubMed, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Scopus databases within the scope of the study. The scope of this study was limited to the studies on birth tourism published in English as a full text. According to literature review, 601 studies were accessed from the specified databases and nine studies were reached by manual search, and a total of 610 studies were obtained as a result of the search. 19 studies were included within the framework of the specified inclusion criteria. Results: The research methods of the studies conducted between 2016-2023 were qualitative, quantitative and mixed, and it was determined that the mothers who went to give birth were Ghanaian, Chinese, and Taiwanese. The destinations visited for giving birth were the United States, Hong Kong, and Canada. Considering the reasons of mothers traveled abroad within the scope of birth tourism, it has been determined that they provide a better future for their children, acquire citizenship, benefit from better health services, and immigration, because of the policies of the country they live in, personal choices, and lack of trust in the country they live in. Conclusion: As a result of the current study, in which the recent studies in the literature were examined by using systematic literature review method, it was identified that the studies on birth tourism were not quantitatively sufficient and it was revealed that there was a need to increase the number of studies on birth tourism. In addition, it is necessary to raise awareness in the field by addressing important issues such as the definition of birth tourism, its advantages and disadvantages, and mothers’ experiences, regarding studies that will be conducted both in the review and research in the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Medical tourism
• birth tourism
• systematic review

Kaynakça

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