Validity of Rational Addiction Model for Cinema Demand in Turkey

Öz

This study examines the demand for cinema in Turkey using economic and other explanatory variables. The study includes annual data for the period 2009-2017 on 26 sub-regions of Turkey and a dynamic panel data analysis was performed. Furthermore, the validity of the rational addiction model developed by Becker and Murphy (1988) has been investigated for the Turkish cinema market and the role of addiction in cinema demand has been discussed. Estimation results from the dynamic panel data model show that the number of screen and the share of domestic films in total films are an important component in explaining cinema demand. Furthermore, the results showed that the demand for cinema is compatible with the rational addiction model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cinema demand
• Cultural economics
• Rational addiction model
• Panel data
• Sub-regions

Rasyonel Bağımlılık Modelinin Türkiye'deki Sinema Talebi İçin Geçerliliği

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki sinema talebini, ekonomik ve diğer açıklayıcı değişkenleri kullanarak incelemektedir. Çalışmada, Türkiye'nin 26 alt bölgesine ilişkin 2009-2017 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılmıştır ve dinamik panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca Becker ve Murphy (1988) tarafından geliştirilen rasyonel bağımlılık modelinin geçerliliği Türkiye sinema sektörü için araştırılarak, sinema talebinde bağımlılığın rolü ele alınmıştır. Dinamik panel veri modelinden elde edilen tahmin sonuçları, ekran sayısının ve yerli filmlerin toplam filmler içerisindeki payının, sinema talebini açıklamada önemli bir bileşen olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, sinema talebinin rasyonel bağımlılık modeline uyumlu olduğunu göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sinema talebi
• Kültürel ekonomi
• Rasyonel bağımlılık modeli
• Panel veri
• Türkiye illeri

Kaynakça

1. ARELLANO, M. & STEPHEN, B. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. Review of Economic Studies, (58)2, 277-297.
2. BECKER, G. S. & MURPHY, K. M. (1988). A Theory of Rational Addiction. Journal of Political Economy, (96),4, 675-700.
3. BECKER, G. S., GROSSMAN, M. & MURPHY, K. M. (1994). An Empirical Analysis of Cigarette Addiction. The American Economic Review, 84(3), 396-418.
4. BLANCO, V. FERNANDEZ, J. F. & BANOS, P. (1997). Cinema Demand in Spain: A Cointegration Analysis. Journal of Cultural Economics, (21)1, 57-75.
5. BLUNDELL, R. & STEPHEN, B. (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics, (87)1, 115-143.
6. CAMERON, S. (1999). Rational Addiction and the Demand for Cinema. Applied Economics Letters, (6)9, 617-620, DOI: 10.1080/135048599352736
7. COLLINS, A., HAND, C. & RYDER, A. (2005). The lure of the multiplex? The Interplay of Time, Distance, and Cinema Attendance. Environment and Planning A 2005, (37), 483-501 DOI:10.1068/a3756
8. CUADRADO, M. & FRASQUET, M. (1999). Segmentation of Cinema Audiences: An Exploratory Study Applied to Young Consumers. Journal of Cultural Economics, (23). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007538005838

9. CHMELAROVA, V. (2007). The Hausman Test, and Some Alternatives, with Heteroskedastic Data. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College.
10. DESSY, O. & GAMBARO, M. (2009). Demand for Movies in Europe and the Effects of Multiplex Diffusion: A Panel Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1176542
11. DEWENTER, R. & WESTERMANN, M. (2005). Cinema Demand in Germany. J Cult Econ (29), 213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-005-6421-0
12. HUBBARD, P. (2002). Screen-Shifting: Consumption, Riskless Risks and the Changing Geographies of Cinema. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 34 (6), 1239-1258.
13. KANZLER, M. (2014). The Turkish Movie Industry Key developments 2004 to 2013. European Audiovisual Observatory.
14. SISTO, A. & ZANOLA, R. (2004). Rational Addiction to Cinema? A Dynamic Panel Analysis of European Countries. Department of Public Policy and Public Choice Working Paper. (41)
15. TOMUR, K., KOL, İ. & BİLAÇLI, C. (2016). Sinema Hizmetleri Sektör Raporu. Rekabet Kurumu, Ankara.
16. YAMAMURA, E. (2008). Socio-economic effects on increased cinema attendance: The case of Japan. The Journal of Socio-Economics (37). 2546–2555
17. YAMAMURA, E. (2009). Rethinking rational addictive behaviour and demand for cinema: a study using Japanese panel data, Applied Economics Letters, (16)7, 693-697, DOI:10.1080/13504850701221782