Stratejik Çevikliğin Firma Performansına Etkisi: Üretim İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu araştırma, literatürde yeni bir kavram olan firmaların sürdürülebilir başarısı için önem arz eden stratejik çeviklik ile firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla Gaziantep ilinde faaliyette bulunan, sanayi odasına kayıtlı 88 adet üretici firma sahibi/yöneticisi ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, stratejik çeviklik, teknoloji yeteneği, işbirlikçi inovasyon, örgütsel öğrenme ve içsel uyum bileşenleri olarak ele alınmıştır. Firma performansı boyutları olarak da müşteri tutma ve yenilik performansı alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modeli, SmartPLS3 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçta, stratejik çevikliğin bileşenlerinden olan teknoloji yeteneğinin ve içsel uyumun firma performansını pozitif yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Buna karşın, örgütsel öğrenme ve işbirlikçi inovasyon ile firma performansı arasında doğrudan anlamlı bir etki gözlenememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stratejik Çeviklik,Müşteri Tutma Performansı,Yenilik Performansı,PLS Yapısal Eşitlik Model

The Effect of Strategic Agility on Firm Performance: A Research in Manufacturing Firms

Öz

This research aims to analyse the relationship between firm performance and strategic agility which is a new concept in management literature and carries great importance for the sustainable success of the firms. In this context, a survey was conducted by face to face interviews with the owner/manager of manufacturing firms operating in the province of Gaziantep. In the research, technology ability, collaborative innovation, organizational learning and internal alignment are considered as the dimensions of strategic agility. Customer retention performance and innovation performance also, has been taken as the company performance dimensions. The obtained data were analysed with the structural equation modelling, SmartPLS3 program. As a result, it has been determined that technology ability and internal alignment, the components of strategic agility, positively affect firm performance. On the other hand, no significant effect was directly observed between organizational learning and collaborative innovation and firm performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Strategic Agility,Customer Retention Performance,Innovation Performance,PLS Structural Equation Model

Kaynakça

1. Akgün, A. E., Keskin, H., Byrne, J. C. & Aren, S. (2007). Emotional and learning capability and their impact on product innovativeness and firm performance. Technovation, 27(9), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.03.001
2. Ang, L. & Buttle, F. (2006). Customer retention management processes: A quantitative study. European Journal of Marketing, 40(1), 83–99.
3. Bagozzi, R. P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
4. Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A Resource-Based Perspective on Information Technology Capability and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250983
5. Bhatnagar, J. (2006). Measuring organizational learning capability in Indian managers and establishing firm performance linkage. The Learning Organization, 13(5), 416–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470610679965
6. Brannen, M. Y. & Doz, Y. (2012). Corporate Languages and Strategic Agility: Trapped in your Jargon or Lost in Translation? California Management Review, 54(3), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2012.54.3.77
7. Braunscheidel, M. J. & Suresh, N. C. (2009). The organizational antecedents of a firm’s supply chain agility for risk mitigation and response. Journal of Operations Management, 27(2), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2008.09.006
8. Bulut, Ç., Cengiz, Y. & Alpkan, L. (2009). Pazar Oryantasyonu Boyutlarının Firma Performansına Etkileri. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(2), 513–538.

9. Cao, Q. & Dowlatshahi, S. (2005). The impact of alignment between virtual enterprise and information technology on business performance in an agile manufacturing environment. Journal of Operations Management, 23(5), 531–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2004.10.010
10. Doz, Y. L. & Kosonen, M. (2008). The Dynamics of Strategic Agility: Nokia’s Rollercoaster Experience. California Management Review, 50(3), 95–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166447
11. Eren, E., Alpkan, L. & Erol, Y. (2005). Temel Fonksiyonel Yeteneklerin Firmanın Yenilik Ve Finansal Performansına Etkileri. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(7), 201–224.
12. Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
13. Gerwin, D. (1993). Manufacturing Flexibility : A Strategic Perspective. Management Science Publication, 39(4), 395–410.
14. Ginn, J., Stone, M. & Ekinci, Y. (2010). Customer retention management in the recession. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 12(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2010.27
15. Grönroos, C. (1991). The marketing strategy continuum: toward a marketing concept for the 1990s. Management Decision, 29(1), 65–78.
16. Hagedoorn, J. & Cloodt, M. (2003). Measuring innovative performance : is there an advantage in using multiple indicators ? Research Policy, 32, 1365–1379.
17. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
18. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002
19. Hamşıoğlu, A. B. & Durukan, T. (2018). Pazar Tabanlı Yeteneklerin İşletme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye İmalat İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 13(2), 1–22.
20. Helfat, C. E. & Peteraf, M. A. (2003). The dynamic resource-based view: Capability lifecycles. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10 SPEC ISS.), 997–1010. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.332
21. Hemmati, M., Feiz, D., Jalilvand, M. R. & Kholghi, I. (2016). Development of fuzzy two-stage DEA model for competitive advantage based on RBV and strategic agility as a dynamic capability. Journal of Modelling in Management, 9(2), 208–216. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JM2-12-2013-0067
22. Hoek, R. I. Van, Harrison, A., Christopher, M., I. van Hoek, R., Harrison, A. & Christopher, M. (2001). Measuring agile capabilities in the supply chain. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(1/2), 126–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570110358495
23. Huang, K. F. (2011). Technology competencies in competitive environment. Journal of Business Research, 64(2), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.02.003
24. Hulland, J. S. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 195–204.
25. Inman, R. A., Sale, R. S., Green, K. W. & Whitten, D. (2011). Agile manufacturing: Relation to JIT, operational performance and firm performance. Journal of Operations Management, 29(4), 343–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2010.06.001
26. İleri, Y. Y. & Soylu, Y. (2010). Bir Rekabet Üstünlüğü Aracı Olarak Çeviklik Kavramı ve Örgüt Yapısına Olası Etkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler MYO Dergisi, 13(1–2), 13–28.
27. Jacobs, M., Droge, C. & Vickery, S. (2011). Product and Process Modularity's Effects on Manufacturing Agility and Firm Growth Performance. Journal of Product, 123–137. Tarihinde adresinden erişildi http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00785.x/full
28. Jiménez-Jiménez, D. & Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 64(4), 408–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.09.010
29. Kumkale, İ. (2016). Organization ’ s Tool for Creating Competitive Advantage : Strategic Agility. Balkan and Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 118–124.
30. Lee, J. Y., Swink, M. & Pandejpong, T. (2011). The roles of worker expertise, information sharing quality, and psychological safety in manufacturing process innovation: An intellectual capital perspective. Production and Operations Management, 20(4), 556–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2010.01172.x
31. Li, X., Chung, C., Goldsby, T. J. & Holsapple, C. W. (2008). A unified model of supply chain agility: the work-design perspective. International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(3), 408–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810919224
32. Liker, J. K. & Choi, T. Y. (2004). Building deep supplier relationships. Harvard Business Review, 82(12), 104–113+149. https://doi.org/Article
33. Lindgreen, A., Davis, R., Brodie, R. J. & Buchanan-Oliver, M. (2000). Pluralism in contemporary marketing practices. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18(6), 294–308.
34. Lu, Y. & Ramamurthy, K. R. (2011). Understandıng The Lınk Between Informatıon Technology Capabılıty and Organızatıonal Agılıty: An Empırıcal Examınatıon. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 931–954.
35. Luo, Y. & Park, S. H. (2001). Strategic alignment and performance of market -seeking MNCs in China. Strategic Management Journal, 22(2), 141–155.
36. Mason, S. J., Cole, M. H., Ulrey, B. T. & Yan, L. (2002). Improving electronics manufacturing supply chain agility through outsourcing. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 32(7), 610–620. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030210442612
37. Mishra, A. A. & Shah, R. (2009). In union lies strength: Collaborative competence in new product development and its performance effects. Journal of Operations Management, 27(4), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2008.10.001
38. Narasimhan, R., Swink, M. & Kim, S. W. (2006). Disentangling leanness and agility: An empirical investigation. Journal of Operations Management, 24(5), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2005.11.011
39. Ngai, E. W. T., Chau, D. C. K. & Chan, T. L. A. (2011). Information technology, operational, and management competencies for supply chain agility: Findings from case studies. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 20(3), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2010.11.002
40. Porter, M. E. (1991). Towards a Dynamıc Theory of Strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 95–117. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250121008
41. Ringle, C. M., Wende, S. & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. Boenningstedt: SmartPLS GmbH. http://www.smartpls.com
42. Roth, A. V. (1996). Achieving strategic agility through Economies of Knowledge. Planning Review1, 24(2), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/153851320200100311
43. Rowley, J. (2011). Innovation for Survival : From Cooperation to Collaboration. Advances in Librarianship (C. 34). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0065-2830(2011)0000034013
44. Sérez López, Montes Peón, J. M. & Camilo José Vazquez Ordás. (2005). Organizational learning as a determining factor in business performance. The Learning Organization, 12(3), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470510592494
45. Sharifi, H. & Zhang, Z. (1999). Methodology for achieving agility in manufacturing organisations: an introduction. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00217-5
46. Shin, H., Lee, J. N., Kim, D. & Rhim, H. (2015). Strategic agility of Korean small and medium enterprises and its influence on operational and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 168, 181–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.06.015
47. Stahl, G. (2004). Building collaborative knowing. What we know about CSCL, 6308(April), 53–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7921-4_3
48. Swafford, P. M., Ghosh, S. & Murthy, N. (2006). The antecedents of supply chain agility of a firm: Scale development and model testing. Journal of Operations Management, 24(2), 170–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2005.05.002
49. Tallon, P. P. & Pinsonneault, A. (2011). Competing Perspectives on the Link Between Strategic Information Technology Alignment and Organizational Agility: Insights from a Mediation Model. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 463–486.
50. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1002/(Sici)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::Aid-Smj882>3.0.Co;2-Z
51. Toklu, İ. T., Ustaahmetoğlu, E. & Öztürk Küçük, H. (2016). Tüketicilerin Coğrafi İŞaretli Ürün Algısı ve Daha Fazla Fiyat Ödeme İsteği: Yapısal EŞitlik Modellemesi YaklaŞımı. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 23(1), 145–161.
52. Tracey, M., Vonderembse, M. A. & Lim, J. S. (1999). Manufacturing technology and strategy formulation: Keys to enhancing competitiveness and improving performance. Journal of Operations Management, 17(4), 411–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(98)00045-X
53. Vagnoni, E. & Khoddami, S. (2016). Designing competitivity activity model through the strategic agility approach in a turbulent environment. Dynamic Factor Models, 18(6), 625–648. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2015-0216
54. Yusuf, Y. Y., Sarhadi, M. & Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile manufacturing: the drivers, concepts and attributes. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00219-9