ÇALIŞMA YETERLİLİĞİ KAVRAMI: KURAMSAL TEMELLER VE ÖLÇÜM YÖNTEMİ

Yıl 2021, , 123 - 137, 15.04.2021

Alptekin Develi , Mustafa Fedai Çavuş

https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.822693

Cited By: 3

Öz

İş yaşamı bağlamında bireyleri, grupları ve örgütleri ilgilendiren her bir hususun dikkate alınması, hem çalışanlara ve yöneticilere yol göstermek hem de bilimsel birikime katkı sağlamak açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlam içerisinde, çalışanların fizyolojik, psikolojik ve zihinsel sağlıklarının yaptıkları işin gereklerini yerine getirmeye uygunluk düzeyi iş yaşamını etkileyen önemli bir durumdur. Bu durum çalışma yeterliliği olarak kavramsallaştırılmış ve uluslararası yazında önemli ölçüde yer edinmiştir. Ancak, ulusal yazın bu konuda oldukça kısıtlı kalmıştır. Bu sebeple, bu araştırma ile çalışma yeterliliği kavramının içeriği ulusal yazına aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, çalışma yeterliliği kavramının kuramsal temelleri açıklanmıştır. Diğer yandan, çalışma yeterliliğinin ölçülmesini sağlayan ve sosyal bilimler alanında sıklıkla kullanılan ölçüm türlerine ve ölçüm düzeylerine göre farklı özelliklere sahip olan çalışma yeterliliği endeksi ile ilgili kuramsal bilgiler ve yöntem bilimsel özellikler açıklanmıştır. Son olarak, iş yaşamına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuş ve gelecekte çalışma yeterliliği endeksi ile yapılacak araştırmalar için teknik detaylar ve model önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çalışma yeterliliği, çalışma yeterliliği endeksi, ölçme, değerlendirme

Destekleyen Kurum

Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

OKÜBAP-2018-PT2-002

The Concept of Work Ability: Theoretical Foundations and Measurement Method

Öz

In the context of business life, considering every issue that concerns individuals, groups and organizations is important in terms of both guiding employees and managers and contributing to scientific knowledge. In this context, the level of compliance of employees' physiological, psychological, and mental health to fulfill the requirements of their work is an important condition that affects business life. This situation has been conceptualized as work ability and has gained a significant place in international literature. However, national literature has remained quite limited in this regard. For this reason, with this research, the content of the work ability’ concept has been tried to be transferred to the national literature. In addition, the theoretical foundations of the concept of work ability have been explained. On the other hand, theoretical information and methodological features related to the work ability index, which enables the measurement of work ability and has different characteristics according to the measurement modes and measurement levels frequently used in the field of social sciences, were explained. Finally, suggestions were made for business life, and also technical details, and model proposals were presented for future researches with the work ability index.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Work Ability, Work Ability Index, Measurement, Assessment

Proje Numarası

OKÜBAP-2018-PT2-002

Kaynakça

• Ahlstrom, L., Grimby-Ekman, A., Hagberg, M., & Dellve, L. (2010). The work ability index and single-item question: Associations with sick leave, symptoms, and health–a prospective study of women on long-term sick leave. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 36(5), 404-412.
• Aksay, B. & Ay, Ü. (2016). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kapsamında formatif ve reflektif ölçüm. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 1-21.
• Alexopoulos, E. C., Merekoulias, G., Gnardellis, C., & Jelastopulu, E. (2013). Work ability index: Validation of the Greek version and descriptive data in heavy industry employees. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 3(3), 608-621.
• Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
• Berg, T. I. J., Alavinia, S. M., Bredt, F. J., Lindeboom, D., Elders, L. A., & Burdorf, A. (2008). The influence of psychosocial factors at work and life style on health and work ability among professional workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 81(8), 1029-1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-007-0296-7
• Berg, T. I. J., Elders, L., de Zwart, B., & Burdorf, A. (2009). The effects of work-related and individual factors on the work ability index: A systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(4), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2008.039883
• Camerino, D., Conway, P. M., Sartori, S., Campanini, P., Estryn‐Béhar, M., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Costa, G. (2008). Factors affecting work ability in day and shift‐working nurses. Chronobiology International, 25(2), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420520802118236
• Carel, R. S., Zusman, M., & Karakis, I. (2013). Work ability index in Israeli hospital nurses: Applicability of the adapted questionnaire. Experimental Aging Research, 39(5), 579-590. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2013.839316
• Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
• Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.499
• Develi, A., & Gokcen-Kapusuz, A. (2019). The relationship between psychological capital and job embeddedness: A theoretical approach. In Y. Çakırel (Ed.). Management and organization: Various approaches (pp. 43-52), Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/b15579
• Develi, A., & Cavus, M. F. (2019). When employees demonstrate the task performance? The role of work ability levels. 3rd International Scientific Conference on Business and Economics (ISCBE) [Full-text presentation], June 13-15, North Macedonia, Skopje.
• Develi, A. (2020). Çalışma yeterliliği, iş tatmini ve görev performansı ilişkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi.
• Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x
• Ebener, M., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2019). Validation of short measures of work ability for research and employee surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 1038-1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183386
• El Fassi, M., Bocquet, V., Majery, N., Lair, M. L., Couffignal, S., & Mairiaux, P. (2013). Work ability assessment in a worker population: Comparison and determinants of work ability index and work ability score. BMC Public Health, 13, 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-305
• Freyer, M., Formazin, M., & Rose, U. (2019). Factorial validity of the work ability index among employees in Germany. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 29(2), 433-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-018-9803-9
• Gould, R., Koskinen, S., Seitsamo, J., Tuomi, K., Polvinen, A. & Sainio, P. (2008). Data and methods. R. Gould, J. Ilmarinen, J. Järvisalo & S. Koskinen (Ed.). Dimensions of work ability. Results from the health 2000 survey in (pp. 25-34). Finnish Centre for Pensions.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson. R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson new international edition (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
• Hasselhorn, H. M., & Freude, G. (2007). Der Work-Ability-Index: Ein Leitfaden. Wirtschaftsverlag. Ilmarinen, J., & Tuomi, K. (1992). Work ability of aging workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 18(2), 8-10.
• Ilmarinen, J., Tuomi, K., & Klockars, M. (1997). Changes in the work ability of active employees over an 11-year period. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 23(1), 49-57.
• Ilmarinen, J., & Lehtinen, S. (2004). Past, present and future of work ability [Full-text presentation], Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Work Ability, September 5-6, Finland.
• Ilmarinen, J. (2007). The work ability index (WAI). Occupational Medicine, 57(2), 160-160. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm008
• Ilmarinen, J., Gould, R., Järvikoski, A., & Järvisalo, J. (2008). Diversity of work ability. R. Gould, J. Ilmarinen, J. Järvisalo & S. Koskinen (Ed.). Dimensions of work ability: Results of the health 2000 survey in (pp. 13-23). Finnish Centre for Pensions.
• Ilmarinen, J. (2009). Work ability: A comprehensive concept for occupational health research and prevention. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 35(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1304
• Ilmarinen, V., Ilmarinen, J., Huuhtanen, P., Louhevaara, V., & Näsman, O. (2015). Examining the factorial structure, measurement invariance and convergent and discriminant validity of a novel self-report measure of work ability: Work ability-personal radar. Ergonomics, 58(8), 1445-1460. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1005167
• Ilmarinen, J. (2019). From work ability research to implementation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2882-2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162882
• Jääskeläinen, A., Kausto, J., Seitsamo, J., Ojajarvi, A., Nygård, C. H., Arjas, E., & Leino-Arjas, P. (2016). Work ability index and perceived work ability as predictors of disability pension: A prospective study among Finnish municipal employees. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 42(6), 490-499. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3598
• Kaewboonchoo, O., & Ratanasiripong, P. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Thai version of the work ability index (Thai WAI). Journal of Occupational Health, 57(4), 371-377. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0173-OA
• Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392498
• Kiss, P., Walgraeve, M., & Vanhoorne, M. (2002). Assessment of work ability in aging fire fighters by means of the work ability index preliminary results. Archives of Public Health, 60, 233-243.
• Knezevic, B., Milosevic, M., Golubic, R., Belosevic, L., Russo, A., & Mustajbegovic, J. (2011). Work-related stress and work ability among Croatian university hospital midwives. Midwifery, 27(2), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.04.002
• Kouhnavard, B., Halvani, G., Najimi, M. R., & Mihanpour, H. (2018). The relationship between fatigue and work ability index (WAI) of workers in a ceramic industry in Yazd province, 2014. Archives of Occupational Health, 2(1), 63-69.
• Kujala, V., Remes, J., Ek, E., Tammelin, T., & Laitinen, J. (2005). Classification of work ability index among young employees. Occupational Medicine, 55(5), 399-401. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi075
• Lavasani, S., & Wahat, N. W. A. (2016). Work ability index: Validation and model comparison of the malaysian work ability index (WAI). Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development (DCID), 27(2), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v27i2.427
• Mazloumi, A., Rostamabadi, A., Saraji, J. N., & Foroushani, A. R. (2012). Work ability index (WAI) and its association with psychosocial factors in one of the petrochemical industries in Iran. Journal of Occupational Health, 54(2), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.11-0150-oa
• Nawrocka, A., Garbaciak, W., Cholewa, J., & Mynarski, W. (2018). The relationship between meeting of recommendations on physical activity for health and perceived work ability among white-collar workers. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(3), 415-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1424257
• Noone, J. H., Mackey, M. G., & Bohle. P. (2014). Work ability in Australia - pilot study: A report to safe work Australia. Safe Work Australia. ISBN: 978-1-74361-813-4
• Nygård, C. H., Eskelinen, L., Suvanto, S., Tuomi, K., & Ilmarinen, J. (1991). Associations between functional capacity and work ability among elderly municipal employees. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 17(1), 122-127.
• Oakman, J., Neupane, S., Prakash. K. C., & Nygård. C. H. (2019). What are the key workplace influences on pathways of work ability? A six-year follow up. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2363-2373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132363
• Reeuwijk, K. G., Robroek, S. J., Niessen, M. A., Kraaijenhagen, R. A., Vergouwe, Y., & Burdorf, A. (2015). The prognostic value of the work ability index for sickness absence among office workers. PloS ONE, 10(5), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126969
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2014). A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health. In Bridging occupational, organizational and public health in (pp. 43-68). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5640-3_4
• Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the job demands-resources model. Organizational Dynamics, 46(2), 120-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
• Schuring, M., Burdorf, L., Kunst, A., & Mackenbach, J. (2007). The effects of ill health on entering and maintaining paid employment: Evidence in European countries. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 61(7), 597-604. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2006.047456
• Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27
• Skovlund, S. V., Bláfoss, R., Sundstrup, E., & Andersen, L. L. (2020). Association between physical work demands and work ability in workers with musculoskeletal pain: Cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disorders, 21(1), 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03191-8
• Tengland, P. A. (2011). The concept of work ability. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21(2), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-010-9269-x
• Tuomi, K., Ilmarinen, J., Eskelinen, L., Järvinen, E., Toikkanen, J., & Klockars, M. (1991a). Prevalence and incidence rates of diseases and work ability in different work categories of municipal occupations. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 17(1), 67-74.
• Tuomi, K., Eskelinen, L., Toikkanen, J., Jarvinen, E., Ilmarinen, J., & Klockars, M. (1991b). Work load and individual factors affecting work ability among aging municipal employees. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 17(1), 128-134.
• Tuomi, K., Ilmarinen, J., Jahkola, A., Katajarinne, L., & Tulkki A. (1998). Work Ability Index (2nd revised ed.). Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
• Turan, N. (2015). Çalışma yaşamında yetenek, beceri, yetkinlik, yeterlilik. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK), (2020). Yetenek, Beceri, Yetkinlik, Yeterlilik. Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2020, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
• Von-Bonsdorff, M. B., Seitsamo, J., Ilmarinen, J., Nygård, C. H., Von-Bonsdorff, M. E., & Rantanen, T. (2011). Work ability in midlife as a predictor of mortality and disability in later life: a 28-year prospective follow-up study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183(4), 235‐242. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.100713
• Yıldız, H., Yıldız, B., Zehir, C., Altındağ, E., Moloğlu, V., & Kitapçı, H. (2017). Impact on presenteeism of the conscientiousness trait: A health sector case study. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 45(3), 399-411. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5969
• Yıldız, H., & Develi, A. (2019). Özel ve kamu sektöründeki çalışanların sendikalara yönelik güncel bakış açıları [Tam metin bildiri sunumu], 10. Uluslararası Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları Kongresi, 1-3 Kasım, Balıkesir, Bandırma.