YENİ SOĞUK SAVAŞ SÖYLEMİNİN ÖTESİNDE AFRO-AVRASYA: ÇİN–ABD REKABETİNİN BÖLGESEL AKTÖRLER ÜZERİNDEKİ SİYASAL VE EKONOMİK YANSIMALARI

Öz

Son yıllarda Çin ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki rekabet, uluslararası literatürde sıklıkla “Yeni Soğuk Savaş” söylemi üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Ancak bu yaklaşım, günümüz küresel güç ilişkilerinin çok katmanlı yapısını ve özellikle Afro-Avrasya coğrafyasındaki bölgesel aktörlerin artan stratejik özerkliğini açıklamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Çin–ABD rekabetini ikili ve determinist bir güç mücadelesi olarak değil; Afro-Avrasya’daki siyasal ve ekonomik aktörlerin tercihleriyle şekillenen dinamik bir etkileşim alanı olarak ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale, Afro-Avrasya’nın pasif bir jeopolitik arena olmaktan ziyade, büyük güç rekabetini yönlendiren ve dönüştüren aktif bir özne haline geldiğini savunmaktadır.Çalışmada nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz ve belge incelemesine dayalı bir yöntem izlenmiştir. Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi kapsamındaki resmî belgeleri, ABD’nin Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejileri, OECD, Dünya Bankası ve Birleşmiş Milletler raporları ile Afrika ve Avrasya ülkelerinin dış politika metinleri analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, bölgesel aktörlerin klasik dengeleme ya da taraf seçme stratejilerinden ziyade, çok yönlü angajman, stratejik belirsizlik ve hedging politikalarını benimsediğini göstermektedir. Ekonomik bağımlılık ile siyasal özerklik arasındaki ilişkinin yeniden tanımlandığı bu süreçte, Afro-Avrasya ülkeleri Çin ve ABD arasındaki rekabeti mutlak bir tehditten ziyade, pazarlık gücünü artıran bir fırsat alanı olarak değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma, “Yeni Soğuk Savaş” söyleminin analitik sınırlarını ortaya koyarak, büyük güç rekabetine dair daha kapsayıcı ve çok aktörlü bir çerçeve önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çin–ABD Rekabeti
• Afro-Avrasya
• Orta Güçler
• Hedging Stratejileri
• Stratejik Özerklik

BEYOND THE NEW COLD WAR DISCOURSE AFRO-EURASIA: THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE CHINA–US RIVALRY ON REGIONAL ACTORS

Öz

In recent years, competition between China and the United States has increasingly been framed in the international literature through the lens of a “New Cold War.” This narrative, however, remains analytically insufficient to capture the complex and multi-layered nature of contemporary global power relations, particularly the growing strategic agency of regional actors across Afro-Eurasia. This article challenges the binary and deterministic assumptions embedded in the New Cold War discourse by conceptualizing Sino–American rivalry as a dynamic interaction shaped by the political and economic choices of Afro-Eurasian actors rather than as a zero-sum confrontation between two great powers.Employing a qualitative comparative approach combined with systematic document and discourse analysis, the study draws on Chinese policy white papers, U.S. National Security Strategies, and reports produced by the OECD, World Bank, and United Nations, alongside official foreign policy documents from African and Eurasian states. The findings demonstrate that regional actors increasingly pursue hedging strategies, strategic ambiguity, and multi-directional engagement rather than classical balancing or bandwagoning. In this context, the relationship between economic interdependence and political autonomy is being recalibrated, allowing Afro-Eurasian states to leverage great power competition as a means of enhancing strategic flexibility and bargaining capacity.The article argues that Afro-Eurasia should be understood not as a passive geopolitical arena but as an active constellation of actors capable of shaping the contours of great power rivalry. By moving beyond the New Cold War narrative, the study offers a more nuanced analytical framework for understanding contemporary power competition and contributes to the literature on middle powers, strategic autonomy, and global political economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sino-American Rivalry
• Afro-Eurasia
• Middle Powers
• Hedging Strategies
• Strategic Autonomy

Kaynakça

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