The Effects of Different Irrigation Managements on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Orchard

Abstract

This study was carried out in the Tekkeköy district of Samsun province to investigate the effects of different irrigation managements (control, 70% irrigation, 100% irrigation, 130% irrigation) on hazelnut orchard. After two years of irrigation management, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from two different soil depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm). Texture components (clay, silt, and sand content), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total nitrogen (NT) in disturbed soil samples and bulk density (BD) in undisturbed soil samples were determined. The values of available water content (AWC), macroporosity (MacP), and aeration capacity (HC) were calculated using the results of the analysis carried out concerning soil water retention in disturbed and undisturbed soil samples. As a result of the study, the effects of soil depths on permanent wilting point, available water content, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen and of irrigation managements on silt content, sand content, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water content, bulk density, aeration capacity, and pH were found to be statistically significant. While the effects of soil depth x irrigation management (D x SY) interaction on bulk density and pH were significant, the effect of any treatment on clay content and macroporosity was not significant. It has been determined that the bulk density of the hazelnut orchard soils, depending on the effects of soil depth and irrigation management, has increased at a level that the plant root development can be affected. Also, it was determined that 100% irrigation management had similar effects to the control treatment. While 100% irrigation management provided a higher aeration capacity in the plant root zone by creating less mechanical resistance to plant root growth, 130% irrigation management was the treatment in which the aeration capacity decreased the most.

Keywords

• Hazelnut area
• irrigation management
• soil properties
• available water content
• aeration capacity
• Fındık bahçesi

Farklı Sulama Yönetimlerinin Fındık (Corylus avellana L.) Bahçesinde Bazı Toprak Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma farklı sulama yönetimlerinin (Kontrol, % 70 sulama, % 100 sulama, %130 sulama) fındık bahçesi toprakları üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla Samsun ili Tekkeköy ilçesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki yıl süreyle yürütülen sulama yönetimleri sonrasında iki farklı toprak derinliğinden (0-15 cm ve 15-30 cm) bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Bozulmuş toprak örneklerinde tekstür bileşenleri (kil, silt ve kum içeriği), tarla kapasitesi (TK), daimi solma noktası (DSN), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) ve toplam azot (NT) ve bozulmamış toprak örneklerinde de hacim ağırlığı (HA) belirlenmiştir. Yarayışlı su içeriği (YSİ), makroporozite (MakP) ve havalanma kapasitesine (HK) ait değerler ise bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak örneklerinde toprak su tutma ile ilişkili gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçları kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda daimi solma noktası, yarayışlı su içeriği, hacim ağırlığı, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik ve toplam azot üzerine toprak derinliklerinin etkileri ve silt içeriği, kum içeriği, tarla kapasitesi, daimi solma noktası, yarayışlı su içeriği, hacim ağırlığı, havalanma kapasitesi ve pH üzerine de sulama yönetimlerinin etkileri istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Hacim ağırlığı ve pH üzerine toprak derinliği x sulama yönetimi (D x SY) interaksiyonun etkileri önemli bulunurken, kil içeriği ve makroporozite üzerine herhangi bir uygulamanın etkisi önemli bulunmamıştır. Fındık bahçesi topraklarında toprak derinliği ve sulama yönetimlerinin etkilerine bağlı olarak hacim ağırlığının bitki kök gelişimini etkileyebilecek seviyede artmış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, % 100 sulama yönetiminin Kontrol uygulamasına benzer etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. %100 sulama yönetimi bitki kök gelişimine karşı daha az mekaniksel direnç yaratarak bitki kök bölgesinde daha yüksek bir havalanma kapasitesi sağlarken %130 sulama yönetimi havalanma kapasitesinin en fazla azaldığı uygulama olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sulama yönetimi
• toprak özellikleri
• yarayışlı su içeriği
• havalanma kapasitesi
• Fındık bahçesi

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