Kurak Monokültür Alanlarından Alınan Killi Aridisol Topraklarda Mutlak ve Spesifik Enzim Aktivitelerinin Tepkisi

Öz

Toprak enzim aktiviteleri; besin döngüsü, organik maddenin ayrışması ve toprak sağlığının sürdürülmesinde temel rol oynayarak toprak organik karbonu (SOC) ve mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu (Cmic) ile yakından ilişkilidir. Ancak mutlak enzim aktiviteleri (AEA) ile spesifik enzim aktivitelerinin (SEA) alkali toprak koşullarına tepkisini inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmada AEA ve SEA’nin yanı sıra CO₂-C, qCO₂, Cmic, Nmic, toplam C ve N ile çeşitli toprak özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Katalaz (CAT) aktivitesi yaz mevsiminde Kocapınar’da (87.0 mL O₂ g⁻¹ kuru toprak 5 dk⁻¹), dehidrogenaz (DHG) aktivitesi ilkbaharda Yalıntepe’de (30 µg TPF g⁻¹) ve üreaz aktivitesi yazın Kocapınar’da (37 µg N g⁻¹) en yüksek düzeylere ulaşmıştır. Cmic ilkbaharda Yalıntepe’de (1224 mg C kg⁻¹) maksimum bulunurken, Cmic:Corg oranı sonbaharda (0.15) ve Cmic:Nmic oranı yazın (69.54) en yüksek değerleri göstermiştir. Nmic ve Nmic:NT oranı ilkbaharda Kocapınar’da sırasıyla 40 mg N kg⁻¹ ve 0.51 olarak belirlenmiştir. NH₄ ilkbaharda Katran’da (101.29 mg kg⁻¹), NO₃ ise sonbaharda (193.03 mg kg⁻¹) en yüksek seviyededir. Mikrobiyal solunum (3.03 mg C kg⁻¹ saat⁻¹) ve qCO₂ (1.83 mg CO₂-C g⁻¹ Cmic saat⁻¹) ilkbaharda Yalıntepe’de maksimumdur. SEA sonuçları, CAT/C oranının yazın Kocapınar’da (110), üreaz/C oranının yazın Yalıntepe’de (46) ve DHG/C oranının kışın Yalıntepe’de (38) en yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular, AEA ve SEA’nin mikrobiyal aktivite ve çevresel faktörlerle bağlantılı olarak toprak kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde güvenilir göstergeler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spesifik enzim aktivitesi
• Mutlak enzim aktivitesi
• Besin döngüsü
• Mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu
• Mikrobiyal biyokütle azotu

Response of Absolute and Specific Enzyme Activities in Clay Aridisol from Arid Monoculture Areas

Öz

Soil enzyme activities play a key role in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and soil health, and are closely related to soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic). However, limited information is available on how absolute enzyme activities (AEA) and specific enzyme activities (SEA) respond to alkaline soil conditions. This study evaluated AEA and SEA together with CO₂-C, qCO₂, Cmic, Nmic, total C and N, and selected soil properties. Catalase (CAT) activity was highest in summer at Kocapınar (87.0 mL O₂ g⁻¹ dry soil 5 min⁻¹), dehydrogenase (DHG) activity in spring at Yalıntepe (30 µg TPF g⁻¹), and urease activity in summer at Kocapınar (37 µg N g⁻¹). Cmic reached its maximum in spring at Yalıntepe (1224 mg C kg⁻¹). The Cmic:Corg ratio peaked in autumn (0.15), while the Cmic:Nmic ratio was highest in summer (69.54). Nmic (40 mg N kg⁻¹) and the Nmic:NT ratio (0.51) were highest in spring at Kocapınar. NH₄ content was highest in spring at Katran (101.29 mg kg⁻¹), whereas NO₃ content peaked in autumn (193.03 mg kg⁻¹). Microbial respiration (3.03 mg C kg⁻¹ h⁻¹) and qCO₂ (1.83 mg CO₂-C g⁻¹ Cmic h⁻¹) were highest in spring at Yalıntepe. Among SEA indices, CAT/C was highest in summer at Kocapınar (110), urease/C in summer at Yalıntepe (46), and DHG/C in winter at Yalıntepe (38). Overall, AEA and SEA proved effective indicators of soil quality in relation to microbial activity and environmental conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Specific enzyme activity
• Absolute enzyme activity
• Nutrient cycling
• Microbial biomass carbon
• Microbial biomass nitrogen

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