Phaseolus Türlerinin Sıcaklık Stresine Dayanıklılık için Yerel Çeşitlerle Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Sanayi öncesi döneme göre dünya genelinde yüzey sıcaklığı yaklaşık bir derece artmış ve iklim değişikliği nedeniyle de sıcaklık artışının gelecekte de devam edeceği tahmin edilmektedir. Yakın gelecekteki ihtiyaçları karşılamak için sıcaklığa dayanıklı fasulye türlerine (Phaseolus spp.) ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı (i) sekiz P. acutifolius A. Gray genotipi, iki P. dumosus Macfady genotipi, sekiz P. coccineus L. genotipi, beş P. lunatus L. genotipi, altı P. vulgaris L. genotipi ve P. vulgaris × P. coccineus türler arası bir melez olmak üzere sıcaklığa dayanıklı fasulyeleri belirlemek, (ii) yerel çeşitleri Phaseolus türleriyle karşılaştırmak ve (iii) faktör ve fenotipik korelasyonlar kullanarak fenolojik, morfolojik ve agronomik özellikleri değerlendirmektir. Toplam 30 genotip, sera koşullarında sıcaklık stresine maruz bırakılmıştır. En yüksek sıcaklık 55 0C olarak ölçülmüştür. Phaseolus türlerinin fenolojik, morfolojik ve agronomik özellikleri fenotipik korelasyon ve faktör analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. P. acutifolius'un bir genotipi (PI-319447) ve P. vulgaris'in iki tescilli çeşidi (Goynuk98 ve Ozayse) ile P. acutifolius'un üç genotipi (PI-312198, PI-535202 ve PI-535236) daha erken çiçek açan genotipler olarak belirlenmiştir. P. vulgaris'in tescilli bir çeşidi (Goynuk98) ve yerel çeşidi (APN3062), bitki başına en yüksek tane verimine sahip olmuştur. Tane verimi stres toleransını belirlemede önemli parametre olarak görülmektedir. P. acutifolius ve P. vulgaris'in sıcaklığa dayanıklı genotiplerinin, erken olgunlaşmayla sıcaklıktan kaçma yeteneğinin yanı sıra sıcaklık stresine katlanma yeteneğine de sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bazı yerel çeşitlerin ise yüksek tane verimi nedeniyle sıcaklık stresi koşullarında yetiştirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal özellik
• Fasulye
• Sıcaklık
• Morfolojik özellik
• Phaseolus
• Fenolojik özellik

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019-4326

Heat Stress Resilience of Phaseolus Species in Comparison to Local Cultivars

Öz

The global surface temperature in the world has increased by about one degree since pre-industrial period and it is estimated that the temperature increase will continue in the future owing to climate change. Heat-resilient bean species (Phaseolus spp.) are required to supply requirements for the near future. The aim of this study is (i) to determine the heat-resilient beans including eight genotypes of P. acutifolius A. Gray, two genotypes of P. dumosus Macfady, eight genotypes of P. coccineus L., five genotypes of P. lunatus L., six genotypes of P. vulgaris L., and an interspecific hybrid between P. vulgaris × P. coccineus, (ii) to compare local cultivars to Phaseolus species and (iii) to evaluate phenological, morphological and agronomic characteristics using factor and phenotypic correlations. A total of 30 genotypes were subjected to heat stress during reproductive stage under greenhouse conditions. Maximum temperature was rise the 55 0C. The phenological, morphological and agronomical characteristics of Phaseolus species were studied using phenotypic correlations and factor analysis. A genotype (PI-319447) of P. acutifolius and two registered cultivars (Goynuk98 and Ozayse) of P. vulgaris and three genotypes (PI-312198, PI-535202 and PI-535236) of P. acutifolius were determined to be earlier-flowered genotypes. A registered cultivar (Goynuk98) and landrace (APN3062) of P. vulgaris had the highest seed yield per plant.Seed yield is considered an important character in determining stress tolerance. Heat-resilient genotypes of P. acutifolius and P. vulgaris were considered to be not only escape ability via earliness but also buffering capability of heat stress. Some local cultivars were considered to grow under heat stress conditions due to high seed yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agronomical trait
• Bean
• Heat
• Morphological trait
• Phaseolus
• Phenological trait

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019-4326

Teşekkür

We thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for providing us with genetic materials, Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for its support for this study (FYL-2019-4326), and the Deanery of the Faculty of Agriculture for use of the Venlo greenhouse to grow the plants. We are also grateful to C. TOKER (Prof.) for his valuable contributions to the research and H. SARI (PhD) for the statistical analysis.

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