The Effect of Capsule Blight Disease (Brachycladium papaveris) on Germination of Performance of Some Opium Poppy Varieties

Abstract

In recent years, product and yield losses have been experienced in opium poppy due to seed-borne pathogens. These pathogens play an important role in the infection of disease, affect the seed vitality negatively, reduce seed germination rate, and cause severe loss in yield by affecting plant vitality directly. Brachycladium papaveris, a seed-borne pathogen, causes capsule rot, capsule blight, opium poppy blight, and leaf blight symptoms and significant loss in both morphine and quality seed yield. Therefore, the effect of Brachycladium papaveris isolates, isolated from diseased opium poppy plants from city center and Sivaslı district of Uşak province, on the germination performance of seeds in 14 different opium poppy varieties (Office 8, Office 1, Office 3, Office 95, Office NM, Office NP, Office 96, Office 2, Office 4, TMO-T, TMO-1, TMO-3, TMO-2 and Afyon 95) under in vitro conditions was investigated. It was determined that the isolates taken from the diseased plants had different effects on the varieties. Among the isolates, the most destructive one was the isolate obtained from the opium poppy capsule. In the 2, 4, and 6-day counts, the varieties that were affected the least from the pathogen's stem, seed and capsule isolates and had the highest average germination rate were Office NM, Office 1, TMO 1 and TMO 3. Consequently, it is necessary to determine the effects of the pathogen on poppy seedlings and reveal the variety reaction studies on the cultivated varieties of opium poppy against the diseases in the cultivated varieties through field experiments.

Keywords

• Papaver somniferum
• capsule blight
• mean germination percentage
• mean germination time
• opium poppy

Kapsül Yanıklığı Hastalık Etmeni (Brachycladium papaveris (Sawada) Shoemaker & Inderb.)’nin Bazı Haşhaş Çeşitlerinin Çimlenme Performansına Etkisi

Öz

Son yıllarda haşhaşta tohum kaynaklı patojenler nedeniyle ürün ve verim kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Bu patojenler hastalığın bulaşmasında önemli rol oynamakta, tohum canlılığını olumsuz etkilemekte, tohum çimlenme oranını düşürmekte ve doğrudan bitki canlılığını etkileyerek verimde ciddi kayıplara neden olmaktadırlar. Bir tohum patojeni olan Brachycladium papaveris kapsül çürüklüğü, kapsül yanıklığı, haşhaş yanıklığı, yaprak yanıklığı simptomlarına neden olmaktadır ve hem morfin hem de kaliteli tohum veriminde önemli kayıplar oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla Uşak İli Merkez ve Sivaslı ilçelerinden hastalıklı haşhaş bitkilerinden izole edilen Brachycladium papaveris izolatlarının in vitro koşullarda Ofis 8, Ofis 1, Ofis 3, Ofis 95, Ofis NM, Ofis NP, Ofis 96, Ofis 2, Ofis 4, TMO-T, TMO-1, TMO-3, TMO-2 ve Afyon 95 olmak üzere 14 farklı haşhaş çeşidinde tohumların çimlenme performansına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada hastalıklı bitkilerden alınan izolatların kullanılan çeşitlerde farklı etkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. İzolatlar içinde en tahripkar izolat haşhaş kapsülünden elde edilen izolat olmuştur. 2, 4 ve 6. gün sayımlarında patojenin gövde, tohum ve kapsül izolatlarından en az etkilenen ve ortalama çimlenme oranı değerleri en yüksek olan çeşitler Ofis NM, Ofis 1, TMO 1 ve TMO 3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, patojenin haşhaş fideleri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi, haşhaşın üretimi yapılan çeşitlerde hastalığa karşı çeşit reaksiyonu çalışmalarının tarla denemeleri ile ortaya konulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Papaver somniferum
• kapsül yanıklığı
• çimlenme oranı
• ortalama çimlenme zamanı
• haşhaş

Kaynakça

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