Türkiye'deki Bazı Doğa ve Kültürü Yapılan Yenebilir Mantarların Antioksidan Enzim Aktiviteleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye’nin farklı yörelerinden temin edilen 15 doğa ve kültür mantar türüne [Boletus edulis Bull.: Fr, (Ayı mantarı), Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. (Borazan mantarı), Lactarius deliciosus (L. ex Fr.) S.F.Gray (Kanlıca mantarı), Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. (Kükürt mantarı), Marasmius oreades (Bolt. ex Fr.) Fr. (Cincile mantarı), Morchella conica Pers. (Kuzugöbeği mantarı), Ramaria botrytis (Pers.: Fr.) Ricken (Pürpürüm mantarı), Tricholoma terreum (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm. (Karakız mantarı), Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aslan yelesi mantarı), Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Meşe mantarı), Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Reishi mantarı) ve Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. (1-4) (Kayın mantarı)] ait örnekte antioksidan enzim kapasitesini belirlemek için fenilalanin amonyum liyaz (PAL) enzim aktivitesi, askorbat peroksidaz (APX), peroksidaz (POD) ve süperoksid dismutaz (SOD) aktivite değişimleri ve nitrat, β-karoten ile likopen düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, farklı yörelerden temin edilen mantar örnekleri içerisinde en yüksek β-karoten ve likopen miktarı H. erinaceus türünde belirlenmiştir. β-karoten miktarının en düşük olduğu tür P. ostreatus-2 iken en düşük likopen miktarı P. ostreatus-1 türünde saptanmıştır. Nitrat içeriği bakımından zengin olan türler; C. cornucopioides ve P. ostreatus-4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. P. ostreatus-3, diğer mantar örneklerine kıyasla nitrat bakımından en fakir tür olarak belirlenmiştir. Mantarların PAL aktivitesi 5.863 ve 8.893 EU mg-1 protein arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek APX değerinin P. ostreatus-4 türüne, en düşük değerin ise H. erinaceus türüne ait olduğu bulunmuştur. Mantar türleri arasında en yüksek ve en düşük POD değerleri sırasıyla H. erinaceus ve B. edulis türlerinde saptanmıştır. SOD değeri en yüksek tür C. cornucopioides, en düşük tür ise P. ostreatus-3 olarak belirlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan
• karoten
• enzim
• likopen
• mantar

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Some Wild and Cultivated Edible Mushrooms in Turkey

Abstract

In this study; wild and cultivated edible mushrooms [Boletus edulis Bull.: Fr, Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers., Lactarius deliciosus (L. ex Fr.) S.F.Gray, Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr., Marasmius oreades (Bolt. ex Fr.) Fr., Morchella conica Pers., Ramaria botrytis (Pers.: Fr.) Ricken, Tricholoma terreum (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers., Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst., and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. (1-4)] were obtained from different locations in Turkey. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity changes and nitrate, β-carotene and lycopene levels were investigated in 15 samples to determine antioxidant enzyme capacity. As a result of the study, the highest amount of β-carotene and lycopene were determined in H. erinaceus. P. ostreatus-2 had the lowest amount of β-carotene, whereas Pleurotus ostreatus-1 had the lowest amount of lycopene. Species rich in nitrate content were C. cornucopioides and P. ostreatus-4. P. ostreatus-3 was the poorest species in terms of nitrate compared to other mushroom samples. PAL activity of mushrooms varied between 5.863 and 8.893 EU mg-1 protein. For APX values, P. ostreatus-4 had the highest value, while H. erinaceus species had the lowest value. Among mushroom species, the highest and the lowest POD values were determined in H. erinaceus and B. edulis, respectively. C. cornucopioides had the highest and P. ostreatus-3 had the lowest SOD values.

Keywords

• Antioxidant
• Carotene
• Enzyme
• Lycopene
• mushroom

Kaynakça

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