Tuzlu-Alkali Meralarda Yaygın Olarak Yetişen Çorak Çimi (Puccinellia distans) ve Sahil Ayrığı (Aeluropus littoralis) Bitkilerinin Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerindeki Besin İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 237 - 246, 30.12.2018

Süleyman Temel

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.440309

Cited By: 5

Öz

Bitki
yetiştiriciliği ve çeşitliliğini kısıtlayan özellikle iklim ve topraktan
kaynaklanan stres koşulları bitkilerde önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden
olabilmektedir. Oysa ekstrem ekolojik koşullara uyum sağlayabilen halofit
türler üretim güçlerini devam ettirerek, yeter miktar ve kalitede yem materyali
üretebilmektedir. Bu araştırma, hiçbir kültür bitkisinin yetiştirilemediği
aşırı tuzlu-alkali otlak alanlarında yaygın olarak yetişen halofit Puccinellia distans ve Aeluropus littoralis türlerinin farklı
gelişme dönemlerinde sahip oldukları besin değerlerini belirlemek ve incelenen
kalite özellikleri açısından ruminantların beslenmesinde yem kaynağı olarak
değerlendirilip değerlendirilemeyeceğini ortaya koymak amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Bu amaçla vejetatif, çiçeklenme ve tohum olgunlaştırma döneminde mevcut
türlerin sahip oldukları ham protein, nötr çözücülerde çözünemeyen lif, asit
çözücülerde çözünemeyen lif, kuru madde sindirilebilirliği, sindirilebilir
enerji, metabolik enerji ve nispi yem değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma
Iğdır coğrafyasında iki yıl süre ile (2015-2016) korunan 4 dekarlık bir alanda
tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak
yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen tüm parametrelerin türlere (nötr
çözücülerde çözünemeyen lif hariç), fenolojik dönemlere ve yıllara bağlı olarak
önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak,  A.
littoralis gelişme dönemlerine bağlı olarak P. distans türüne göre daha yüksek kalitede yem materyali
sağlayabildiği ve tuzlu mera alanlarında otlayan ruminatlar için iyi bir
alternatif yem kaynağı olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çorak çimi, Çorak meralar, Fenolojik dönemler, Sahil ayrığı, yem kalitesi

Determination of Nutritional Contents at the different Development Stages of Puccinellia distans and Aeluropus littoralis Commonly Growing in Saline-Alkaline Pastures

Öz

Stress
conditions, especially due to climate and soil, which limit plant growing and
diversity can cause important yield and quality losses in plants. However,
halophytic species which can adapt to extreme ecological conditions can produce
feed material at adequate amounts and quality by continuing to production
potential. Our aim was to determine the forage qualities at different
developmental stages of Puccinellia
distans and Aeluropus littoralis,
halofite  species, which grow
extensively in excessive-salted and alkaline pastures, and to reveal whether
they can be evaluated as feed for ruminants in terms of the quality
characteristics examined. For this purpose, crude protein, neutral detergent
fibre, acid detergent fibre, dry matter digestibility, digestible energy,
metabolic energy and relative feed values were determined at  vegetative, flowering and seed maturation
stages of the studied species. The experiment was established in randomized
blocks with three replications according to the Split Parsel trial design on a
protected 4 da pasture in Igdir conditions between the years of 2012-2013. As a
result of the research, all the parameters examined showed significant
differences depending on species (except for neutral detergent fibre),
phenological stages and years. As a result, it was revealed that A. littoralis
can be provided a higher quality feed than P. distans depending on development
stages and, also be a good alternative source of fodder for ruminant in
saline-grazing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Weeping alkaligrass, coast aeluropus, arid grazings, phenological stages, forage quality

Kaynakça

• Ahmadi A., Arzani H and Jafari AA., 2005. Determination and Composition of Forage Quality of Five Species in Different Phenological Stages in Alborz Rangelands. XX. International Grassland Congress, 26 June-1 July, Ireland,
• Ahmadi A., Gomarian M and Toranjzar H., 2015. Variations in Forage Quality of Two Halophyte Species, at Three Phenological Stages in Marginal Rangelands of Meighan Playa, Iran. International Conference on Chemical, Civil and Environmental Engineering (CCEE-2015) June 5-6, 2015 Istanbul, Turkey.
• Ali Ehsani HY., Elham Shafeian MTG and Yeganeh H., 2016. Determining suitable grazing time for Puccinella distans Parl. based on its phenology in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Journal of Plant Interactions, 11(1): 67-73.
• AOAC 1997. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th ed. 3rd revision. Arlington, VA, USA.
• Arzani H., Torkan J., Jafari M and Nikkah A., 2001. Investigation on effects of phenological stages and environmental factors (soil and climate) on forage quality of some important range species. Journal of Agriculture Science, 32: 385-397.
• Arzani H., Zohdi M., Fish E., Amiri GZ., Nikkhah A and Wester D., 2004. Phenological effects on forage quality of five grass species. Journal of Range Management, 57: 624-629.
• Arzani H., Bashiri M., Khatibi F and Ghorbani G., 2006. Nutritive value of some Zagros Mountain rangeland species. Small Ruminant Research, 65: 126-135.
• Arzani H., Sadeghimanesh MR., Azarnivand H., Asadian GH and Shahriyari E., 2008. Study of phenological stages effect values of twelve species in Hamadan rangelands. Iran Journal of Range Desert Research, 16(1): 86-95.
• Asaadi AM and Dadkhah AR., 2010. The study of forage quality of Haloxylon aphyllum and Eurotia ceratoidesin different phenological stages. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 470-475.
• Asaadi AM and Yazdi AK, 2011. Phenological stage effets on forage quality of four forbs species. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 9(2): 380-384.
• Ball DM., Collins M., Lacefield GD., Martin NP., Mertens DA., Olson KE., Putnam DH., Undersander DJ and Wolf MW., 2001. Understanding Forage Quality. Park Ridge, USA: American Farm Bureau Federation Publication.
• Brotherson JD., 1987. Plant community zonation in response to soil gradients in a saline meadow near Utah Lake, Utah County, Utah. Great Basin Natur 47: 322-333.
• El Shaer HN., 1997. Sustainable utilization of halophytic plant species as livestock fodder in Egypt. Proceedings of the International Conference on Water management, salinity and pollution Control Towards Sustainable Irrigation in the Mediterranean region. 22-26 September, Bari, Italy.
• El-Shaer HM., 2010. Halophytes and salt-tolerant plants as potential forage for ruminants in the Near East region. Small Ruminant Research, 91: 3-12.
• Esfahan EZ., Assareh MH., Jafari M., Jafari AA., Javadi SA and Karimi G., 2010. Phenological effects on forage quality of two halophyte species Atriplex leucoclada and Suaeda vermiculata in four saline rangelands of Iran. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8: 999-1003.
• Fonnesbeck PV., Clark DH., Garret WN and Speth CF., 1984. Predicting energy utilization from alfalfa hay from the Western Region. Proceedings of the American Society of Animal Science, 35: 305-308.
• Gulzar S and Khan MA., 2001. Seed germination of a halophytic grass. Aeluropus lagopoides. Annals of Botany, 87: 319-324.
• Gulzar S., Khan MA and Ungar IA., 2003. Effects of salinity on growth, ionic content and plant water relations of Aeluropus lagopoides. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34: 1657-1668.
• Hitchcock AS., 1971. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. Dover Publications, New York.
• Hossaini SA., 2004. Autecology of Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. in Saline and Alkaline Habitats North Gorgan Region. Proceedings of the Fourth International Iran & Russia Conference, 8-10 September, Iran-Shahrekord.
• Hughes TD., 1972. Puccinellia distans: a salt-tolerant grass, in Illinois Turfgrass Conference, ed. by Hughes TD. Illinois Cooperative Extension Service, Champaign, IL.
• Kacar B., 1986. Gübreler Gübreleme Tekniği. T.C. Ziraat Bankası Kültür Yayınları, No: 20, Ankara.
• Khalil JK., Sawaya WN and Hyder SZ., 1986. Nutrient composition of Atriplex leaves grown in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Range and Management, 39: 104-107.
• Martiniello P and Teixeira da Silva JA., 2011. Physiological and bioagronomical aspects involved in growth and yield componenets of cultivated forage species in Mediterranean environments: A review. European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5(Specieal Issue 2): 64-98.
• McDonald P., Edwards RA., Greenhalgh JFD and Morgan CA., 1995. Animal Nutrition. New York, USA: Longman Scientific and Technical. MGM., 2016. Başbakanlık DMİ Genel Müdürlüğü Meteroloji Bültenleri, Ankara.
• Negus TR., 1982 Puccinellia, Its Grazing Value and Management. Farmnote No. 34/82. Western Australian Department Agriculture.
• Nelson CJ and Moser LE., 1994. Plant Factors affecting forage quality. Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization (Ed. Fahey JR.), Madison: American Society of Agrononmy, pp. 115-154.
• Norman HC., Dynes RA and Masters DG., 2002. Nutritive value of plants growing on saline land, in Proceedings of the 8th National Conference and Workshop on the Productive Use and Rehabilitation of Saline Lands (PURSL), 16-20 September, Fremantle, Western Australia.
• Norton BW., 1982. Differences Between Species in Forage Quality. Common wealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK. Norton BW., 2003. The nutritive value of tree legumes. Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture (Eds. Gutteridge RC and Shelton HM), pp. 1-10.
• Özdoğan N., 1976. Rüzgar Erozyonu ve Rüzgar Erozyonu Sahalarında Alınacak Başlıca Tedbirler. Topraksu Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 306, Ankara.
• Panahi F., Assareh MH., Jafari M., Jafari A., Arzani H., Tavili A and Zandi Esfahan E., 2012. Phenological effects on forage quality of Salsola arbuscula, Salsola orientalis and Salsola tomentosa in three habitats in the central part of Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11: 800-807.
• Peng YH., Zhu YF., Mao YQ., Wang SM., Su WA and Tang ZC., 2004. Alkali grass resists salt stress through high [K+] and an endodermis barrier to Na+. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 939-949.
• Rad MS., Rad JS., Teixeira da Silva JA and Mohsenzadeh S., 2013. Forage quality of two halophytic species, Aeluropus lagopoides and Aeluropus littoralis, in two phenological stages. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4: 998-1005.
• Robinson PH., Grattan SR., Getachew G., Grieve CM., Poss JA., Suarez DL and Benes SE., 2004. Biomass accumulation and potential nutritive value of some forages irrigated with saline-sodic drainage water. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 111: 175-189.
• Scalia R., Oddo E., Saiano F and Grisafi F., 2009. Effect of salinity on Puccinellia (L.) Parl. Treates with NaCl and foliarly applied glycinebetaine. Plant Stress, 3(1): 49-54.
• Sheaffer CC., Peterson MA., Mccalin M., Volene JJ., Cherney JH., Johnson KD., Woodward WT and Viands DR., 1995. Acide Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Relative Feed Value. North American Alfalfa Improvemnt Conference, Minneapolis.
• Shidaei G and Namati N., 1978. Modern Rangemanagement and Forage Production in Iran. Forests and Rangelands Organization, Tehran, Iran. Squires VR and Ayoub AT., 1994. Halophytes as a Resurce for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht Boston, London, UK.
• Tarasoff CS., Mallory-Smith CA and Ball DA., 2007. Comparative plant responses of Puccinellia distans and Puccinellia nuttalliana to sodic versus normal soil types. Journal of Arid Environments, 70: 403-417.
• Temel S., 2015. Determination of fodder quality parameters in vegetative and seed maturity stages of Salsola tragus L. and Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 1: 23-30.
• Temel S., Sürmen M and Tan M., 2015. Effects of growth stages on the nutritive value of specific halophyte species in saline grasslands. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 25: 1419-1428.
• Temel S ve Şimşek U., 2011. Iğdır Ovası toprakların çoraklaşma süreci ve çözüm önerileri. Alınteri, 21(B): 53-59.
• Valipoor Dastenai M., Mirhadi MJ and Mehrani A., 2012. The study and comparison of 3 foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) cultivars in different phenological stages in Karaj Region. The Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2(3): 62-68.
• Van Soest PJ., Robertson JD and Lewis BA., 1991. Methods for diatery fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animals nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
• Warren BE., Casson T and Ryall DH., 1994. Production from grazing sheep on revegetated saltland in Western Australia. Halophytes as a Resource for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands (Eds. Squires VR and Ayoub, AT), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 263-265.
• Yousef Elahi M., 2013. Determination of nutritive value of five species of halophyte plants used by camel in East South Iran. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(9): 2721-2725.