Determinants of the Global Value Chains in Developing Countries

Öz

It is of great importance in the global economy that production and trade be shared among countries, and countries that want to get a higher share from this distribution should specialize based on comparative advantages. The situation in which global production is carried out in different countries according to the degree of specialization of the countries is explained by the term global value chains. Examining the advantages and disadvantages created by global value chains in country economies through academic studies is valuable in terms of international trade literature. The aim of this study is to test the relationships between backward and forward global value chain participation and its determinants in eight developing countries through panel data analysis. The findings show that eight countries have transitioned to advanced manufacturing processes by completing the first and second stages (raw material supply and limited manufacturing operations) of the four different stages specified by the World Bank. It is thought that these countries can reach an advanced level of specialization, provided that they develop skilled labor, technological development, foreign direct investments, and political stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Global value chain
• developing countries
• panel data analysis

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Küresel Değer Zincirlerinin Belirleyicileri

Öz

Üretimin ve ticaretin ülkeler arasında bölüşülmesi ve bu bölüşümden daha yüksek pay almak isteyenler ülkelerin karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklere dayanacak şekilde uzmanlaşmaya gitmeleri küresel ekonomide büyük önem arz etmektedir. Küresel üretimin, ülkelerin uzmanlık derecelerine göre farklı ülkelerde gerçekleştirilmesi durumu, küresel değer zincirleri terimi ile açıklanmaktadır. Küresel değer zincirlerinin ülke ekonomilerinde yarattığı avantaj ve dezavantajların akademik çalışmalarla incelenmesi uluslararası ticaret yazını açısından değer taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sekiz gelişmekte olan ülkede geriye ve ileriye dönük küresel değer zincirlerine katılımın belirleyicileri ile olan ilişkilerini panel veri analizi ile test etmektir. Elde edilen bulgular, sekiz ülkenin Dünya Bankası tarafından belirtilen dört farklı aşamadan birinci ve ikinci aşamayı (hammadde temini ve sınırlı imalat işlemleri) tamamlayarak ileri düzeyde imalat işlemlerine geçiş yaptığını göstermektedir. Bu ülkelerin iyi eğitimli işgücü, teknolojik gelişme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve politik istikrarı geliştirmek koşuluyla ileri düzeyde uzmanlaşma düzeyine erişebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küresel değer zinciri
• gelişmekte olan ülkeler
• panel veri analizi

Kaynakça

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