Teknoloji Odaklı Endüstri 4.0’dan İnsan Merkezli Endüstri 5.0’a Çalışmanın Geleceği

Öz

2008 Küresel Ekonomik Krizi’nden sonra, Avrupa Birliği’nin kaybettiği rekabet avantajının geri kazanmak için geliştirdiği stratejilerden biri de Endüstri 4.0'a geçiştir. Bu çerçevede Endüstri 4.0'ın temel odak noktasını endüstriyel üretimde yüksek verimlilik ve esneklik sağlayan otomasyon ve robotik teknolojiler ile dijital ve yapay zekâ destekli teknolojilerin kullanılması oluşturmaktadır. Ancak Endüstri 4.0'ın sosyal adalet ve sürdürülebilirlik gibi ilkelerden yoksun olmasının yanı sıra, iklim değişikliğine yönelik yeşil ekonomiye geçiş, Covid-19 pandemisi ve (jeo)-politik riskler Endüstri 5.0’a geçişi gerekli kılmıştır. Aslında Endüstri 5.0 teknoloji odaklı bir endüstriyel yaklaşımdan insan merkezli, sürdürülebilir ve dayanıklı bir endüstriyel yaklaşıma geçilmesini vurgulamaktadır. Ancak Endüstri 5.0’a geçişin mevcut işgücü piyasasını büyük ölçüde yeniden şekillendirmesi ve işgücünün büyük bir kısmını beceri geliştirme ve yeniden beceri kazanma ile karşı karşıya bırakması beklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Endüstri 4.0’ın istihdam hacmi, işgücünün niteliği ve endüstri ilişkileri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırarak, insan merkezli Endüstri 5.0’a geçişin çalışmanın geleceğini nasıl etkileyeceğini kavramsal olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu açıdan eğitim sistemlerinin Endüstri 5.0'ın ihtiyaç duyacağı iş-vasıf gereklerini dikkate alarak gerekli güncellemeleri yapması Endüstri 5.0’a geçişin başarısı açısından son derece önemli olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endüstri 4.0
• dijital beceriler
• Endüstri 5.0
• insan merkezlilik
• sürdürebilirlik

The Future of Work from Technology-Oriented Industry 4.0 to Human-Centered Industry 5.0

Öz

After the 2008 Global Economic Crisis, the transition to Industry 4.0 is one of the strategies developed by the European Union to regain its lost competitive advantage. In this regard, the focus of Industry 4.0 is the use of automation and robotic technologies and digital and artificial intelligence-supported technologies that provide high efficiency and flexibility in industrial production. However, in addition to Industry 4.0's lack of principles such as social justice and sustainability, the transition to a green economy for climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic and (geo)-political risks have made the transition to Industry 5.0 necessary. In fact, Industry 5.0 emphasises the transition from a technology-oriented industrial approach to a human-centred, sustainable and resilient industrial approach. However, the transition to Industry 5.0 is expected to drastically reshape the current labour market and expose a large part of the workforce to upskilling and reskilling. From this perspective, this study aims to conceptually examine how the transition to human-centric Industry 5.0 will affect the future of work by investigating the effects of Industry 4.0 on the quantity of employment, the qualification of labour, and industrial relations. In this respect, it will be extremely important for the success of the transition to Industry 5.0 that education systems make the necessary updates by considering the job-skill requirements needed by Industry 5.0.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industry 4.0
• digital skills
• Industry 5.0
• human-centredness
• sustainability

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