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Income Effect on the Labor Force Participation of Women: The Case of Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 317 - 326, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.202035208

Öz

In this study, factors affecting women's labor force participation decisions are examined using TURKSTAT’s household budget surveys. Logit and probit model estimators obtained on; education level, age, number of babies and household income. As is known from the economic theory, individual preferences between labour force participation and leisure are determined by the income and substitution effect. To estimate the income effect, using "household income" causes the problem of endogeneity in econometrics. In this context, in addition to traditional models, the probit model estimators based on instrumental variable technique are achieved in the study. On the labor force participation of women; while the impact of baby ownership, age and household income are negative, the effect of university graduation is positive.

Kaynakça

  • Allingham, J. D., & Spencer, B. G. (1968). Women Who Work, Part 2: Married Women in the Labour Force: The Influence of Age, Education, Child-Bearing Status and Residence. Special Labour Force Studies Series B, No. 2.
  • Alvarez, R. M., & Brehm, J. (1995). American ambivalence towards abortion policy: Development of a heteroskedastic probit model of competing values. American Journal of Political Science, 1055-1082.
  • Angulo, A., & Rodriguez, C. D. (1975). Female participation in economic activity in Colombia (No. 991583213402676). International Labour Organization.
  • Akgeyik, T. (2017). Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücü Piyasasına Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörler: TÜİK Verileri Üzerine Bir Analiz. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, (70), 31-53.
  • Becker, G. (1975). Human Capital. 1964. National Bureau for Economic Research, New York.
  • Besanko, D., & Braeutigam, R. (2010). Microeconomics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Borjas, G. J. (2000). The economic progress of immigrants. In Issues in the Economics of Immigration (pp. 15-50). University of Chicago Press.
  • Boserup, E. (1990). Economic change and the roles of women. Persistent in equalities: Women and world development, 14-24.
  • Bowen, W. G., & Finegan, T. A. (1965). Labor force participation and unemployment. Industrial Relations Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University.
  • Cain, Glen G. (1966), Married Women in the Labor Force: An Economic Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dayıoğlu, M., & Kırdar, M. G. (2010). Determinants of and trends in labor force participation of women in Turkey. World Bank.
  • Doğrul, G. (2008). 2001 Krizi Sonrasında Türkiye’de Kentsel Alanlarda Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (22), 245-276.
  • Encarnacion Jr, J. (1973). Fertility and labor force participation: Philippines 1968 (No. 197313). University of the Philippines School of Economics.
  • Fong, M. S. (1976). Female labor force participation and fertility: some methodological and theoretical considerations. Social biology, 23(1), 45-54.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004) Basic Econometrics. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Haghighat-Sordellini, E. (2009). Determinants of female labor force participation: a focus on Muslim countries. International Review of Sociology—Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 19(1), 103-125.
  • Kaufman, B. E., & Hotchkiss, J. L. (2003). The Economics of labor market Sixth Edition. Thomson, Shouth-western, Australia.
  • Kiribanda, B. M. (1982). Educatıon, female labor force status, and fertılıty interrelatıonshıps: A study of dynamıcs and dıfferentıals ın srı lanka, 1971.
  • Kösters, W., & Belke, A. (2000). Can Hysteresis Explain the Difference Between Labour Market Performance in Western Europe and the USA.
  • Kıral, G., & Karlılar, S. (2017). Türkiye’de Kadın İşgücüne Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörler: Adana İli Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 272-286.
  • Mincer, J. (1962). Labor force participation of married women: A study of labor supply. In Aspects of labor economics . Princeton University Press. 63-105.
  • Öztürk, S., & Coşar, K. (2017). İşgücüne Katılmama Kararında Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Rolü. Gazi Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, 19(2), 527.
  • Pang, E.F. (1978). Labour Force Growth, Utilization and Determinants in Singapore. Geneva: International Labour Office
  • Pecht, W. (1978). Participation of Married Women in the Urban Labour Market in Selected Latin American Countries. Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Venezuela. Labour Force Participation in Low income Countries, Geneva: ILO, 27-41.
  • Peek, P. (1975). Family composition and married female employment; the case of Chile (No. 991598973402676). International Labour Organization.
  • Peek, P. (1978). Agrarian change and rural emigration in Latin America. International labour organisation.
  • Sheehan, G., & Standing, G. (1978). A note on economic activity of women in Nigeria. The Pakistan Development Review, 17(2), 253-261.
  • Sinha, J. N. (1965). Dynamics of female participation in economic activity in a developing economy. In World population conference, Belgrade (Vol. 4).
  • Sordellini, E. (2009). Determinants of female labor force participation: a focus on Muslim countries. International Review of Sociology—Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 19(1), 103-125.
  • Standing, G. (1976). Education and female participation in the labour force. International Labour Review, 114(3), 281-298.
  • Tanfer, K. (1975). Working women: a study of female labor force and determinants of participation in six large cities of Turkey, 1970 (Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania).
  • Tatlı, Y. D. (2015). Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri: Bir Mikro Uygulama. The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 17(4), 215-238.
  • Tunalı, H., & Göksu, Y. D. (2018). Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılımının belirleyicileri üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(1), 29-45.
  • Waldron, I., Herold, J., & Dunn, D. (1982). How valid are self-report measures for evaluating relationships between women's health and labor force participation?. Women & Health, 7(2), 53-66.
  • Wilson, H. E. (1981). The Klang Strikes of 1941: labour and capital in Colonial Malaya (Vol. 25). Institute of Southeast Asian.

Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımında Gelir Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 317 - 326, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.202035208

Öz

Bu çalışmada, TÜİK hane halkı bütçe anketlerinden yararlanılarak kadınların işgücüne katılımını belirleyen faktörler araştırılmaktadır. Bebek sahipliği, eğitim durumu, yaş ve hane geliri değişkenleri kullanılarak probit model tahmincileri elde edilmektedir. İktisat teorisinden bilindiği gibi, işgücüne katılım-boş zaman arasındaki bireysel tercihler gelir ve ikame etkisi üzerinden belirlenmektedir. Gelir etkisini tahmininde, “toplam hanenin geliri” değişkeninin kullanılması, ekonometrik açıdan içsellik problemine yol açmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada geleneksel probit modellerine ek olarak, araç değişken tekniği üzerinden kurulan probit modeli tahmincileri elde edilmektedir. Kadınların işgücüne katılımı üzerinde; bebek sahipliği, yaş ve hane gelirin etkisi negatif iken üniversite mezuniyetinin etkisi pozitiftir.

Kaynakça

  • Allingham, J. D., & Spencer, B. G. (1968). Women Who Work, Part 2: Married Women in the Labour Force: The Influence of Age, Education, Child-Bearing Status and Residence. Special Labour Force Studies Series B, No. 2.
  • Alvarez, R. M., & Brehm, J. (1995). American ambivalence towards abortion policy: Development of a heteroskedastic probit model of competing values. American Journal of Political Science, 1055-1082.
  • Angulo, A., & Rodriguez, C. D. (1975). Female participation in economic activity in Colombia (No. 991583213402676). International Labour Organization.
  • Akgeyik, T. (2017). Türkiye’de Kadınların İşgücü Piyasasına Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörler: TÜİK Verileri Üzerine Bir Analiz. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, (70), 31-53.
  • Becker, G. (1975). Human Capital. 1964. National Bureau for Economic Research, New York.
  • Besanko, D., & Braeutigam, R. (2010). Microeconomics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Borjas, G. J. (2000). The economic progress of immigrants. In Issues in the Economics of Immigration (pp. 15-50). University of Chicago Press.
  • Boserup, E. (1990). Economic change and the roles of women. Persistent in equalities: Women and world development, 14-24.
  • Bowen, W. G., & Finegan, T. A. (1965). Labor force participation and unemployment. Industrial Relations Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University.
  • Cain, Glen G. (1966), Married Women in the Labor Force: An Economic Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dayıoğlu, M., & Kırdar, M. G. (2010). Determinants of and trends in labor force participation of women in Turkey. World Bank.
  • Doğrul, G. (2008). 2001 Krizi Sonrasında Türkiye’de Kentsel Alanlarda Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (22), 245-276.
  • Encarnacion Jr, J. (1973). Fertility and labor force participation: Philippines 1968 (No. 197313). University of the Philippines School of Economics.
  • Fong, M. S. (1976). Female labor force participation and fertility: some methodological and theoretical considerations. Social biology, 23(1), 45-54.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004) Basic Econometrics. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Haghighat-Sordellini, E. (2009). Determinants of female labor force participation: a focus on Muslim countries. International Review of Sociology—Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 19(1), 103-125.
  • Kaufman, B. E., & Hotchkiss, J. L. (2003). The Economics of labor market Sixth Edition. Thomson, Shouth-western, Australia.
  • Kiribanda, B. M. (1982). Educatıon, female labor force status, and fertılıty interrelatıonshıps: A study of dynamıcs and dıfferentıals ın srı lanka, 1971.
  • Kösters, W., & Belke, A. (2000). Can Hysteresis Explain the Difference Between Labour Market Performance in Western Europe and the USA.
  • Kıral, G., & Karlılar, S. (2017). Türkiye’de Kadın İşgücüne Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörler: Adana İli Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 272-286.
  • Mincer, J. (1962). Labor force participation of married women: A study of labor supply. In Aspects of labor economics . Princeton University Press. 63-105.
  • Öztürk, S., & Coşar, K. (2017). İşgücüne Katılmama Kararında Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Rolü. Gazi Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, 19(2), 527.
  • Pang, E.F. (1978). Labour Force Growth, Utilization and Determinants in Singapore. Geneva: International Labour Office
  • Pecht, W. (1978). Participation of Married Women in the Urban Labour Market in Selected Latin American Countries. Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Venezuela. Labour Force Participation in Low income Countries, Geneva: ILO, 27-41.
  • Peek, P. (1975). Family composition and married female employment; the case of Chile (No. 991598973402676). International Labour Organization.
  • Peek, P. (1978). Agrarian change and rural emigration in Latin America. International labour organisation.
  • Sheehan, G., & Standing, G. (1978). A note on economic activity of women in Nigeria. The Pakistan Development Review, 17(2), 253-261.
  • Sinha, J. N. (1965). Dynamics of female participation in economic activity in a developing economy. In World population conference, Belgrade (Vol. 4).
  • Sordellini, E. (2009). Determinants of female labor force participation: a focus on Muslim countries. International Review of Sociology—Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 19(1), 103-125.
  • Standing, G. (1976). Education and female participation in the labour force. International Labour Review, 114(3), 281-298.
  • Tanfer, K. (1975). Working women: a study of female labor force and determinants of participation in six large cities of Turkey, 1970 (Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania).
  • Tatlı, Y. D. (2015). Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımının Belirleyicileri: Bir Mikro Uygulama. The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 17(4), 215-238.
  • Tunalı, H., & Göksu, Y. D. (2018). Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılımının belirleyicileri üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(1), 29-45.
  • Waldron, I., Herold, J., & Dunn, D. (1982). How valid are self-report measures for evaluating relationships between women's health and labor force participation?. Women & Health, 7(2), 53-66.
  • Wilson, H. E. (1981). The Klang Strikes of 1941: labour and capital in Colonial Malaya (Vol. 25). Institute of Southeast Asian.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Bilik 0000-0003-4425-9316

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 16 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilik, M. (2020). Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımında Gelir Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 35(2), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.202035208

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