Neo-Malthusyen Yaklaşım'ın Seçili Latin Amerika Ülkeleri Üzerinde Panel ARDL Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Neo-Malthusyen yaklaşım kapsamında beşeri kalkınma ve hukukun üstünlüğü gibi sosyal ve ekonomik faktörlerin doğurganlık oranı üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek amaçlamaktadır. Doğurganlık oranlarında meydana gelen düşüşünün ekonomik kalkınma ve kaynakların verimli kullanımı üzerindeki olumlu etkileri dikkate alındığında bu konu hem akademik literatürde hem de politik düzeyde önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada, 1997-2021 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde 15 tane Latin Amerika ülkesine ait panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Analizde, yatay kesit bağımlılığını ve heterojenliği dikkate alan birinci ve ikinci nesil birim kök testleri, panel eşbütünleşme testleri ve Panel ARDL yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, beşeri kalkınma endeksindeki %1’lik artışın doğurganlık oranını %1.05 oranında ve hukukun üstünlüğü endeksindeki %1’lik artışın ise %0.31 oranında azalttığını göstermektedir. Bunların yanı sıra hata düzeltme katsayısının negatif ve anlamlı olması değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir denge ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Panel Granger nedensellik testi, beşeri kalkınma ve hukukun üstünlüğü değişkenlerinin doğurganlık oranı üzerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar neticesinde, eğitim ve sağlık yatırımlarının artırılmasının yanı sıra gelir dağılımındaki eşitsizliklerin azaltılması, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin güçlendirilmesi ve hukukun üstünlüğünün sağlanmasının, doğurganlık oranlarını düşürmede ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı desteklemede kritik öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu tür politikalar, yalnızca doğurganlık oranlarını doğal yollarla azaltmakla kalmayıp ekonomik büyüme ve sosyal refahı artırarak sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demografi
• Panel Veri
• Neo-Malthusyen

Analysis of the Neo-Malthusian Approach on Selected Latin American Countries Using The Panel ARDL Method

Öz

This study aims to analyze the impact of social and economic factors, such as human development and the rule of law, on fertility rates within the framework of the Neo-Malthusian approach. Considering the positive effects of declining fertility rates on economic development and the efficient use of resources, this topic holds significant importance both in the academic literature and at the policy level. The study uses a panel dataset covering 15 Latin American countries over the period from 1997 to 2021. The analysis employs first- and second-generation unit root tests, panel cointegration tests, and the Panel ARDL method, accounting for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in the Human Development Index reduces fertility rates by 1.05%, while a 1% increase in the Rule of Law Index leads to a 0.31% reduction in fertility rates. Moreover, the negative and significant error correction term confirms the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship among the variables. The Panel Granger causality test reveals that human development and the rule of law significantly impact fertility rates. Based on these results, increasing investments in education and healthcare, reducing income inequality, promoting gender equality, and strengthening the rule of law are critically important for lowering fertility rates and supporting sustainable development. Such policies not only naturally reduce fertility rates but also contribute significantly to economic growth and social welfare, thereby advancing sustainable development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neo-Malthusian
• Demograpy
• Panel Data

Kaynakça

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