Ahioğlu-Lindberg, E. N. (2012). Çocuk yetiştirme açisindan türkiye’de çocukluğun tarihi. Pamukkale
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(31), 41–52.
Ainsworth, M.D.S., Bell, S.M., & Stayton, D. J. (1974). Infant-mother attachment and development:
“Socialization” as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In M. P. Richards (Ed.), The
integration of a child into a social world. London: Cambridge University Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. . D. S., Blehar, M. . C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A Psychological
study of the strange situation. In Journal of the American Academy of Religion (Vol. 52).
https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/52.2.411-a
Akgün, E., & Yeşilyaprak, B. (2011). Anne çocuk oyun etkileşiminde niteliksel boyut: Anneler in sözel
ifadelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 11–20.
Alink, L. R. A., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Stolk, M. N., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., … Koot, H. M.
(2009). Maternal sensitivity moderates the relation between negative discipline and aggression in early
childhood. Social Development, 18(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00478.x
B{rrig-Jó, P., Nóblega, M., Del Prado, J. N., Conde, G., Carbonell, O. A., & De Litvan, M. A. (2016).
Attachment Representations and Maternal Sensitivity in Low Socioeconomic Status Mothers.
International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8(3), 202. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n3p202
Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F. M. (2013). The origins of attachment: Infant research and adult treatment. The
Origins of Attachment: Infant Research and Adult Treatment, 1–231. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858067
Biringen, Z. (2000). Emotional availability: Conceptualization and research findings. The American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 70(1), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087711
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment. In Attachment (Vol. 1)
https://doi.org/10.1177/000306518403200125
Cassidy, J. (2016). The nature of the child’s ties. In Hanbook of Attachment Theory, Research, and Clinical
Applications (third edition) (pp. 3–24). Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.muni.cz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,co
okie,uid&db=psyh&AN=2008-13837-025&lang=cs&site=eds-live&scope=site
Cohn, J. F., & Elmore, M. (1988). Effect of contingent changes in mothers’ affective expression on th e
organization of behavior in 3-month-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 11(4), 493–505.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(88)90008-2
Crittenden, P. M., & Claussen, A. H. (2000). The organization of attachment relationships. In The Organization
of Attachment Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.861
Donovan, W., Leavitt, L., Taylor, N., & Broder, J. (2007). Maternal sensory sensitivity, mother-infant 9-month
interaction, infant attachment status: Predictors of mother-toddler interaction at 24 months. In Infant
Behavior and Development (Vol. 30). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.10.002
Dunham, P. J., & Dunham, F. (1995). Optimal social structures and adaptive infant development. In Joint
Attention — Its Origins and Role in Development (pp. 159–188). Retrieved from
file:///Users/Domingo/Documents/Literature/E_Lit/
Eagle, M. N. (2013). Attachment and psychoanalysis: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: The
Guilford Press.
Ekiz, D. (2007). Bilimsel araştirma yöntemleri. Ankara: Lisans Yayıncılık.
Grossman, K. E., Bretherton, I., Waters, E., & Grossman, K. (2016). Maternal sensitivity: Mary ainsworth’s
enduring influence on attachment. Routledge.
Güler, N., Uzun, S., Boztaş, Z., & Aydoğan, S. (2001). Anneleri tarafından çocuklara uygulanan duygusal ve
fiziksel istismar/ihmal davranışı ve bunu etkileyen faktörler. C.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Derg, 24(3), 128–134.
Holmes, J. (1993). John bowlby and attachment theory. In John Bowlby and Attachment Theory.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315879772
Holmes, J. (2009). Some implications of attachment research for psychotherapeutic practice. Hellenic Journal of
Psychology, Vol. 6, pp. 310–333. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-03679-005&site=ehostlive%5Cnj.a.holmes@btinternet.com%5Cnhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh
&AN=2010-03679-005&site=ehost-live%5Cnj.a.holmes@btinternet.com
Holmes, J. (2014). John bowlby and attachment theory. In John Bowlby and Attachment Theory.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315879772
Holmes, P., & Farnfield, S. (2014). The Routledge handbook of attachment : theory. pages cm.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315762098.ch1
Hsu, H. C., & Lavelli, M. (2005). Perceived and observed parenting behavior in American and Italian firsttime
mothers across the first 3 months. Infant Behavior and Development, 28(4), 503–518.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.09.001
İlhan Ildız, G., & Seven, S. (2018). 30 İle 45 Yaşlari Arasindaki Yetişkinlerin Sevgiyi Alma Ve Aktarma
Biçimleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalişma. ULEAD 2018 Annual Congress, 21.
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2008). Methods of the video- feedback
programs to promote positive parenting alone, with sensitive discipline, and with representational
attachment discussions. In F. Juffer, M. Bakermans-Kranenburg, & M. H. van Ijzendoorn (Eds.),
Promoting Positive Parenting An Attachment-Based Intervention (pp. 11–21). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Kerns, K. A., & Barth, J. M. (1995). Attachment and play: Convergence across components of parent-child
relationships and their relations to peer competence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(2),
243–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595122006
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganised/disoriented during the
Ainsworth Strange Situation. In Greenberg T., D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the
preschool years (University, pp. 121–160). Chicago.
Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., de Rosnay, M., Arnott, B., Leekam, S. R., & Turner, M. (2012). Mind-mindedness
as a multidimensional construct: Appropriate and nonattuned mind-related comments independently
predict infant-mother attachment in a socially diverse sample. Infancy, 17(4), 393–415.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00087.x
Metin Orta, İ. (2010). The effects of dispositional anger, effortful control and maternal responsiveness on Turkish
preschoolers’ emotion regulation. Koç University.
Nacak, M., Yaǧmurlu, B., Durgel, E., & Van De Vijver, F. (2011). Metropol ve Anadolu’da ebeveynlik: Biliş ve
davranişlarda şehrin ve eǧitim düzeyinin rolü. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 85–100.
Nicole Renick Thomson, Erin A. Kennedy, and J. E. K. (2011). Attachment formation between deaf infants
and their primary caregivers: Is being deaf a risk factor for insecure attachment? In D. H. Zand & P. J.
Katherine (Eds.), Resilience in Deaf Children Adaptation Through Emerging Adulthood (pp. 26–64). London:
Springer.
Samples-Steele, C. R. (2011). Adult attachment as a predictor of touch attitudes and touch behavior in
romantic relatonships. Degree of Bachelor of Arts With Honors in Psychology from Tha University of
Michigan.
Seven, S., & Ogelman, H. G. (2012). Attachment stability in children aged 6 to 9 years in extended and
nuclear families. Early Education & Development, 23(5), 766–780.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2011.607362
Shaw, D. S., Keenan, K., & Vondra, J. I. (1994). Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: Ages 1
to 3. Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.30.3.355
Smith, P. B., & Pederson, D. R. (1988). Maternal sensitivity and patterns of infant-mother attachment. Child
Development, 59(4), 1097–1101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130276
Tarabulsy, G. M., Tessier, R., & Kappas, a. (1996). Contingency detection and the contingent organization of
behavior in interactions: implications for socioemotional development in infancy. Psychological Bulletin,
120(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.25
Tronick, E. Z. (1989). Emotions and emotional communication in infants. American Psychologist, 44(2), 112–
119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.112
Vereijken, C. M. J. L., & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. (1997). Maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security in
Japan: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(1), 35–50.
https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597384974
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. Mind and Society, pp. 79–91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79572-3
Wallin, D. J. (2007). Attachment in Psychotherapy. New york: The Guilford Press.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research design and methods. Third Edition, Applied Social Research Methods Series,
Vol 5. London: Sage Publications.
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2000). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yorgason, L. A. T. (2015). Effectiveness of Mary Ainsworth’s maternal sensitivity scale with four-week-old infants.
The University of Montana.
Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity
This study was conducted to investigate the interactions of mothers and 30-42 months old children
living in large and nuclear family types in the context of maternal sensitivity. In this study, one of the
qualitative research methods, embedded multi-case research was used. The participants of the study
consisted of 8 mothers living in 4 large-4 nuclear family types and their children aged 30-42 months
in the town of Muş. Descriptive-interpretive data analysis was used to describe the interactions of
the studied group in depth by using natural and structured observation, mother-child information
form and mother-child observation form. It was observed that children send their messages verbally,
mothers' reactions are mostly positive in the extended family, mostly in the negative nuclear family,
and mothers of both family types exhibit very limited behaviors in showing and sharing their
feelings, showing cooperation and coordination behaviors, physical contact and eye contact. It is
thought that mothers who have moved from extended families to nuclear families have
predominantly extended family behavior patterns in these respects.
Ahioğlu-Lindberg, E. N. (2012). Çocuk yetiştirme açisindan türkiye’de çocukluğun tarihi. Pamukkale
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(31), 41–52.
Ainsworth, M.D.S., Bell, S.M., & Stayton, D. J. (1974). Infant-mother attachment and development:
“Socialization” as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In M. P. Richards (Ed.), The
integration of a child into a social world. London: Cambridge University Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. . D. S., Blehar, M. . C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A Psychological
study of the strange situation. In Journal of the American Academy of Religion (Vol. 52).
https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/52.2.411-a
Akgün, E., & Yeşilyaprak, B. (2011). Anne çocuk oyun etkileşiminde niteliksel boyut: Anneler in sözel
ifadelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 11–20.
Alink, L. R. A., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Stolk, M. N., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., … Koot, H. M.
(2009). Maternal sensitivity moderates the relation between negative discipline and aggression in early
childhood. Social Development, 18(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00478.x
B{rrig-Jó, P., Nóblega, M., Del Prado, J. N., Conde, G., Carbonell, O. A., & De Litvan, M. A. (2016).
Attachment Representations and Maternal Sensitivity in Low Socioeconomic Status Mothers.
International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8(3), 202. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n3p202
Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F. M. (2013). The origins of attachment: Infant research and adult treatment. The
Origins of Attachment: Infant Research and Adult Treatment, 1–231. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858067
Biringen, Z. (2000). Emotional availability: Conceptualization and research findings. The American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 70(1), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087711
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment. In Attachment (Vol. 1)
https://doi.org/10.1177/000306518403200125
Cassidy, J. (2016). The nature of the child’s ties. In Hanbook of Attachment Theory, Research, and Clinical
Applications (third edition) (pp. 3–24). Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.muni.cz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,co
okie,uid&db=psyh&AN=2008-13837-025&lang=cs&site=eds-live&scope=site
Cohn, J. F., & Elmore, M. (1988). Effect of contingent changes in mothers’ affective expression on th e
organization of behavior in 3-month-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 11(4), 493–505.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(88)90008-2
Crittenden, P. M., & Claussen, A. H. (2000). The organization of attachment relationships. In The Organization
of Attachment Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.861
Donovan, W., Leavitt, L., Taylor, N., & Broder, J. (2007). Maternal sensory sensitivity, mother-infant 9-month
interaction, infant attachment status: Predictors of mother-toddler interaction at 24 months. In Infant
Behavior and Development (Vol. 30). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.10.002
Dunham, P. J., & Dunham, F. (1995). Optimal social structures and adaptive infant development. In Joint
Attention — Its Origins and Role in Development (pp. 159–188). Retrieved from
file:///Users/Domingo/Documents/Literature/E_Lit/
Eagle, M. N. (2013). Attachment and psychoanalysis: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: The
Guilford Press.
Ekiz, D. (2007). Bilimsel araştirma yöntemleri. Ankara: Lisans Yayıncılık.
Grossman, K. E., Bretherton, I., Waters, E., & Grossman, K. (2016). Maternal sensitivity: Mary ainsworth’s
enduring influence on attachment. Routledge.
Güler, N., Uzun, S., Boztaş, Z., & Aydoğan, S. (2001). Anneleri tarafından çocuklara uygulanan duygusal ve
fiziksel istismar/ihmal davranışı ve bunu etkileyen faktörler. C.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Derg, 24(3), 128–134.
Holmes, J. (1993). John bowlby and attachment theory. In John Bowlby and Attachment Theory.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315879772
Holmes, J. (2009). Some implications of attachment research for psychotherapeutic practice. Hellenic Journal of
Psychology, Vol. 6, pp. 310–333. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-03679-005&site=ehostlive%5Cnj.a.holmes@btinternet.com%5Cnhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh
&AN=2010-03679-005&site=ehost-live%5Cnj.a.holmes@btinternet.com
Holmes, J. (2014). John bowlby and attachment theory. In John Bowlby and Attachment Theory.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315879772
Holmes, P., & Farnfield, S. (2014). The Routledge handbook of attachment : theory. pages cm.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315762098.ch1
Hsu, H. C., & Lavelli, M. (2005). Perceived and observed parenting behavior in American and Italian firsttime
mothers across the first 3 months. Infant Behavior and Development, 28(4), 503–518.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.09.001
İlhan Ildız, G., & Seven, S. (2018). 30 İle 45 Yaşlari Arasindaki Yetişkinlerin Sevgiyi Alma Ve Aktarma
Biçimleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalişma. ULEAD 2018 Annual Congress, 21.
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2008). Methods of the video- feedback
programs to promote positive parenting alone, with sensitive discipline, and with representational
attachment discussions. In F. Juffer, M. Bakermans-Kranenburg, & M. H. van Ijzendoorn (Eds.),
Promoting Positive Parenting An Attachment-Based Intervention (pp. 11–21). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Kerns, K. A., & Barth, J. M. (1995). Attachment and play: Convergence across components of parent-child
relationships and their relations to peer competence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(2),
243–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595122006
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganised/disoriented during the
Ainsworth Strange Situation. In Greenberg T., D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the
preschool years (University, pp. 121–160). Chicago.
Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., de Rosnay, M., Arnott, B., Leekam, S. R., & Turner, M. (2012). Mind-mindedness
as a multidimensional construct: Appropriate and nonattuned mind-related comments independently
predict infant-mother attachment in a socially diverse sample. Infancy, 17(4), 393–415.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00087.x
Metin Orta, İ. (2010). The effects of dispositional anger, effortful control and maternal responsiveness on Turkish
preschoolers’ emotion regulation. Koç University.
Nacak, M., Yaǧmurlu, B., Durgel, E., & Van De Vijver, F. (2011). Metropol ve Anadolu’da ebeveynlik: Biliş ve
davranişlarda şehrin ve eǧitim düzeyinin rolü. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 85–100.
Nicole Renick Thomson, Erin A. Kennedy, and J. E. K. (2011). Attachment formation between deaf infants
and their primary caregivers: Is being deaf a risk factor for insecure attachment? In D. H. Zand & P. J.
Katherine (Eds.), Resilience in Deaf Children Adaptation Through Emerging Adulthood (pp. 26–64). London:
Springer.
Samples-Steele, C. R. (2011). Adult attachment as a predictor of touch attitudes and touch behavior in
romantic relatonships. Degree of Bachelor of Arts With Honors in Psychology from Tha University of
Michigan.
Seven, S., & Ogelman, H. G. (2012). Attachment stability in children aged 6 to 9 years in extended and
nuclear families. Early Education & Development, 23(5), 766–780.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2011.607362
Shaw, D. S., Keenan, K., & Vondra, J. I. (1994). Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: Ages 1
to 3. Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.30.3.355
Smith, P. B., & Pederson, D. R. (1988). Maternal sensitivity and patterns of infant-mother attachment. Child
Development, 59(4), 1097–1101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130276
Tarabulsy, G. M., Tessier, R., & Kappas, a. (1996). Contingency detection and the contingent organization of
behavior in interactions: implications for socioemotional development in infancy. Psychological Bulletin,
120(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.25
Tronick, E. Z. (1989). Emotions and emotional communication in infants. American Psychologist, 44(2), 112–
119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.112
Vereijken, C. M. J. L., & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. (1997). Maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security in
Japan: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(1), 35–50.
https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597384974
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. Mind and Society, pp. 79–91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79572-3
Wallin, D. J. (2007). Attachment in Psychotherapy. New york: The Guilford Press.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research design and methods. Third Edition, Applied Social Research Methods Series,
Vol 5. London: Sage Publications.
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2000). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yorgason, L. A. T. (2015). Effectiveness of Mary Ainsworth’s maternal sensitivity scale with four-week-old infants.
The University of Montana.
Seven, Z. D., & Alabay, E. (2020). Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 5(1), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.672425
AMA
Seven ZD, Alabay E. Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity. IJERE. Ocak 2020;5(1):70-82. doi:10.24331/ijere.672425
Chicago
Seven, Zeynep Deniz, ve Erhan Alabay. “Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children Who Are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity”. International Journal of Educational Research Review 5, sy. 1 (Ocak 2020): 70-82. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.672425.
EndNote
Seven ZD, Alabay E (01 Ocak 2020) Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity. International Journal of Educational Research Review 5 1 70–82.
IEEE
Z. D. Seven ve E. Alabay, “Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity”, IJERE, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 70–82, 2020, doi: 10.24331/ijere.672425.
ISNAD
Seven, Zeynep Deniz - Alabay, Erhan. “Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children Who Are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity”. International Journal of Educational Research Review 5/1 (Ocak 2020), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.672425.
JAMA
Seven ZD, Alabay E. Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity. IJERE. 2020;5:70–82.
MLA
Seven, Zeynep Deniz ve Erhan Alabay. “Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children Who Are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity”. International Journal of Educational Research Review, c. 5, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 70-82, doi:10.24331/ijere.672425.
Vancouver
Seven ZD, Alabay E. Investigation of the Interactions of Mothers and Their 30-42 Months Old Children who are Living in Different Family Types in the Context of Mother Sensitivity. IJERE. 2020;5(1):70-82.
International Journal of Educational Research Review (ISSN:2458-9322) International Journal of Educational Research Review publishes scholarly articles that are of general significance to the education research community and that come from a wide range of areas. The International Journal of Educational Research Review aims to provide a forum for scholarly understanding of the field of education. Articles focus upon concepts, research, review and practices that emphasizes the intersections between education research and other fields, raises new questions, and develops innovative approaches to our understandings of pressing issues. The range of topics covered in the International Journal of Educational Research Review include; read full aims and scope; https://www.ijere.com/page/journal-scopes Peer Review Policy: All articles in this journal will undergo initial editor screening, rigorous double-anonymous peer review, and review by the editorial board. Double-blind peer review International Journal of Educational Research Review follows a double-blind reviewing procedure. This means that the author will remain anonymous to the reviewers throughout peer review. It is the responsibility of the author to anonymize the manuscript and any associated materials. read full Peer Review Policy; https://www.ijere.com/page/peer-review-policy Ownership and management IJERE journal is hosted by Dergipark/Tubitak. IJERE Journal is published with the support of Sakarya University Faculty of Education/TURKEY. Governing body Editor in Chief Dr. Serhat Arslan, Gazi University, serhatarslan@gazi.edu.tr , Turkey read full Governing body /Ownership and management/ Editorial board member ; https://www.ijere.com/page/editorial-board Copyright and licensing Copyright Statement Copyright violation is an important, and possibly related, ethical issue. Authors should check their manuscripts for possible breaches of copyright law (e.g., where permissions are needed for quotations, artwork or tables taken from other publications or from other freely available sources on the Internet) and secure the necessary permissions before submission to International Journal of Educational Research Review. read full Copyright and licensing; https://www.ijere.com/page/copyright-and-licensing-open-access-statement