Pompaj Hidroelektrik Depolama Sistemleri hakkında bir değerlendirme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 205 - 214, 30.12.2022

Ayşenur Oymak Mehmet Rıda Tür

https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1074300

Öz

Akıllı şebekelerde, dağıtım sistemlerine bağlı yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının sayısını artırmak ve enerjinin sürekliliğini sağlamak için depolama sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Enerji depolama, sistem elemanlarını destekleyerek, enerji zaman kaydırması, kesinti kontrolü, iletimde sürekliliğin sağlanması ve güç kalitesi iyileştirmeleri gibi birçok hizmeti verebilmektedir. Akıllı şebeke uygulamalarında şarj/deşarj, güvenlik, boyut ve maliyet gibi çeşitli sorunlardan dolayı enerji depolamada zorluklarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu nedenle depolama performansını artırabilecek enerji kapasitesi, kontrolü ve korunması için enerji depolama sistemleri geliştirilmelidir. Rüzgar ve güneş gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarında kesintiler ve dalgalar olduğu için depolama için piller kullanılmaktadır. Temiz enerji kullanımını yaygınlaştırmak ve enerji sürekliliğini sağlamak için büyük güçlü sistemlerde mekanik depolama yöntemleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Verimliliği artırmak, elektrik sistemlerinde esneklik sağlamak, maliyetleri düşürmek ve depolama süresini iyileştirmek, güç dalgalanmalarını azaltmak için depolama çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada depolama yöntemlerinden biri olan pompajlı hidroelektrik depolama tesisleri incelenmiştir. Pompalı depolamalı hidroelektrik sisteminin avantaj ve dezavantajlarına değinilmiş ve hibrit pompalı hidro depolama anlatılmıştır. Ekonomik katkısına da kısaca değinilmiştir. PHES'in bu depolama yönteminin, verimliliği artırmak, maliyetleri düşürmek ve yerden tasarruf etmek için değişken hızlı türbinlere, yeraltı suyuna, deniz suyuna ve yenilenebilir enerjilere bağlanabilen hibrit sistemler olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Bu sistemler arasında güneş ve rüzgarın hibrit olarak kullanıldığı sistemin enerji piyasasında yüksek karlılık sağlamada da avantajlı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Güneş ve rüzgar ile entegrasyonu sayesinde karbon salınımı azalır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

enerji depolama, pompaj hidro depolama, hibrit hydro depolama

An Evaluation of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Systems

Öz

In smart grids, storage systems are needed to increase the number of renewable energy sources connected to distribution systems and to ensure the continuity of energy. By supporting the system elements, energy storage can provide many services such as energy time shifting, interruption control, ensuring continuity in transmission and power quality improvements. In smart grid applications, difficulties are encountered in energy storage due to various problems such as charge/discharge, safety, size and cost. For this reason, energy storage systems should be developed for energy capacity, control and protection that can increase storage performance. Since there are interruptions and waves in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, batteries are used for storage. In order to expand the use of clean energy and to ensure energy continuity, mechanical storage methods in large powerful systems have been emphasized. Storage studies have been carried out to increase efficiency, provide flexibility in electrical systems, reduce costs and improve storage time, and reduce power fluctuations. In this study, pumped hydroelectric storage plants, which is one of the storage methods, were examined. Advantages and disadvantages of pumped storage hydroelectric system are mentioned and hybrid pumped hydro storage is explained. Its economic contribution is also briefly mentioned. This storage method of PHES has also been found to be hybrid systems that can be connected to variable speed turbines, groundwater, seawater and renewable energies to increase efficiency, reduce costs and save space. Among these systems, it has been observed that the system in which solar and wind are used as a hybrid is also advantageous in providing high profitability in the energy market. Thanks to its integration with the sun and wind, carbon emissions are reduced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy storage, pumped hydroelectric storage, hybrid pumped hydro storage

Kaynakça

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