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Fritillaria cinsinin ve bu cinsin bir üyesi olan Aygül lalesi’nin (Fritillaria eduardii) dünü, bugünü ve yarını

Yıl 2022, , 627 - 642, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1121393

Öz

Fritillaria, Avrasya ve Kuzey Amerika olmak üzere iki kıtada dağılım gösteren ve yaklaşık 140 soğanlı otsu çok yıllık türden oluşan bir cinstir. Şimdiye kadar kaydedilen en büyük diploid genom boyutlarına sahip bitkilerden oluşan bu cins, son yıllarda araştırmacılar tarafından çok fazla ilgi görmektedir. F. eduardii bitkisi de bu cinsin içinde yer alan bir türdür. Bu tür ile ilgili literatürde az çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ekosisteme ve canlı sağlığına çok önemli katkılar sunan bitki biyoçeşitliliğinin; tarım, geleneksel ve modern tıp, endüstri ve biyoteknoloji gibi birçok bilim ve teknoloji alannına sunduğu olağanüstü imkânların gelecekte de insanlığın sigortası durumunda olacağı düşünülmektedir. Kırgızistan, yüzölçümü olarak birçok dünya ülkesinden küçük olmasına karşın çok zengin biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahip bir ülkedir. Batken bölgesi de bu biyolojik çeşitliliğe katkıda bulunan önemli bir merkezdir. Aygül bitkisi gibi yüzlerce endemik ve yerel bitkiye ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Aygül bitkisi, güzelliğinden dolayı Batken bölgesinde tanınan bir endemik bitki olmasının yanı sıra tüm Kırgızistan için değerli bir bitki olma özelliğini de taşımaktadır. Aygül bitkisinin isimlendirilmesi araştırmacılar tarafından tartışılan konulardan biridir. Bu bitkinin ismi literatür kaynaklarında Petillium eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var. eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var. inadora, Fritillaria imperialis var. purperea ve Fritillaria eduardii olarak geçmektedir. Sınırlı sayıda yetişen Aygül bitkisi, yetiştiği doğal ortamında kuvvetli sağanak yağmurlara ve sert iklim koşullarına maruz kalmaktadır. Ayrıca bu bitki türü Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Başkanlığı’nın 28 Nisan 2005 tarihli, 170 no’lu tebliği ile Kırmızı Kitap listesine eklenerek nesli tükenme tehlikesi altında ve doğada toplanması yasak olan çiçek soğanları listesine dâhil edilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında amaç, Fritillaria cinsi ve bu cinsin bir üyesi olan Kırgısiztan’ın endemik türü Aygül bitkisi ile ilgili olarak gen kaynaklarının korunması ve biyoçeşitlilik içerisindeki devamlılığının sağlanması için uygulanabilecek biyoteknolojik metotların belirtilerek bu alanda yapılacak araştırmalar için temel bilginin sağlanmasıdır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

KTMU-BAP-2022.FB.01

Kaynakça

  • Abdalla, M. A., and Zidorn, C. The genus Tragopogon (Asteraceae): a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2020. 250, 112466.
  • Alp, Ş. Doğal Çiçeksoğanları ve Ters Lale Koruma Önlemleri ve Yetiştiriciliği. Yalova: Doğal Çiçek Soğancıları Derneği (2006).
  • Atta-Ur-Rahman, Akhtar MN, Choudhary MI, Tsuda Y, Sener B, Khalid A, et al. New steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria imperialis and their cholinesterase inhibiting activities. Chem Pharm Bull. 2002; 50:1013–6
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  • Cho I, Lee MJ, Kim J, Han NY, Shin KW, Sohn Y, et al. Fritillaria ussuriensis extract inhibits the production of infammatory cytokine and MAPKs in mast cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011; 75:1440–5.
  • D. Mil`ko. (2005). Eduard's Imperıal Crown (Petılıum Eduardıı, Lılıaceae) In Kyrgyzstan.
  • Day, P. D., Berger, M., Hill, L., Fay, M. F., Leitch, A. R., Leitch, I. J., et al. (2014). Evolutionary relationships in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 80, 11–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.024.
  • Guo X, Ni J, Xue J, Wang X. Extract of bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa perturbs spindle assembly checkpoint, induces mitotic aberrations and genomic instability in human colon epithelial cell line. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2017; 69:163–71.
  • Guo X, Wu X, Ni J, Zhang L, Xue J, Wang X. Aqueous extract of bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa induces cytokinesis failure by blocking furrow ingression in human colon epithelial NCM460 cells. Mutat Res Gen Tox En. 2020;850–851:503147.
  • Gürlek, 2011, Hao D, Gu X, Xiao P, Peng Y. Phytochemical and biological research of Fritillaria medicine resources. Chin J Nat Med. 2013; 11:330–44.
  • Hao D, Gu X, Xiao P, Peng Y. Phytochemical and biological research of Fritillaria medicine resources. Chin J Nat Med. 2013; 11:330–44.
  • Hill L (2013). Fritillaria: A list of published names. version 5.7. Available at: http://www.fritillariaicones.com/info/names/frit.names.pdf (last accessed November 2013).
  • Imanberdieva N. A. Current state of the endem P. eduardiii and its introduction to the Chui valley (Kyrgyz Republıc). IV. International Eurasian Agriculture and Natural Sciences Congress. Congress Book. Turkish 2020. 75 p
  • Jefferson-Brown M, Pratt K. The Gardener’s Guide to Growing Fritillaries. David & Charles. Devon, England; 1997
  • Kang DG, Sohn EJ, Lee YM, Lee AS, Han JH, Kim TY, et al. Efects of bulbus Fritillaria water extract on blood pressure and renal functions in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 91:51–6.
  • Katarzyna R., Laurence H., Agata R., Marcin Z. (2021). Evolution of Bird and Insect Flower Traits in Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae). Front. Plant Sci., 31 March 2021. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.656783.
  • Khourang, M., Babaei, A., Sefidkon, F., Naghavi, M. R., Asgari, D., and Potter, D. (2014). Phylogenetic relationship in Fritillaria spp. of Iran inferred from ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-trnF sequence data. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 57, 451–457. doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.10.001
  • Kim M, Nguyen D, Heo Y, Park KH, Paik H, Kim YB. Antiviral activity of Fritillaria thunbergii extract against human infuenza virus H1N1 (PR8) in vitro, in ovo and in vivo. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020; 30:172–7.
  • Kim S, Shin D, Oh M, Chung S, Lee J, Chang I, et al. Inhibition of sortase, a bacterial surface protein anchoring transpeptidase, by β-itosterol3-O-glucopyranoside from Fritillaria verticillata. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003; 67:2477–9.
  • Kim, J. S., and Kim, J. H. (2018). Updated molecular phylogenetic analysis, dating and biogeographical history of the lily family (Liliaceae: Liliales). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 187, 579–593. doi: 10.1093/botlinnean/boy031
  • Kimsanaliev, D., Biotechnological Approaches on Aigul Flower (Fritillaria eduardii). 8th International Congress on Fundamental and Applied Sciences 2021 (ICFAS2021) Proceeding Book. 2021 Antalya, Turkey.p. 176
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  • Li H, Hung A, Li M, Yang A. Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus: traditional Uses, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. IJMS. 2019; 20:1667.
  • Li H, Jiang Y, Li P. Chemistry, bioactivity and geographical diversity of steroidal alkaloids from the Liliaceae family. Nat Prod Rep. 2006; 23:735.
  • Li X, Gao W, Huang L, Huang L, Liu C. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-infammatory potential of crude non-alkaloid fractions from Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. Lat Am J Pharm. 2010; 8:1328–35.
  • Li Y, Xu C, Zhang Q, Liu JY, Tan RX. In vitro anti-helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 98:329–33.
  • Li Z, Qiao Y, Li J, An C, Hu K, Tang M. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the extract of Thunberg Fritillary Bulb. Regul Toxicol Pharm. 2014; 68:370–7.
  • Liu S, Yang T, Ming TW, Gaun TKW, Zhou T, Wang S, et al. Isosteroid alkaloids from Fritillaria cirrhosa bulbus as inhibitors of cigarette smokeinduced oxidative stress. Fitoterapia. 2020; 140:104434.
  • Losina-Losinskaja, A.S. 1935. Genus 271. Fritillaria L. Pp. 232–246. in: Komarov, V.L. (ed.), Flora of the U.S.S.R., vol. 4. Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
  • M. V. Baranova. (2008). The Ecologo-Morphological Peculiarities of the Underground Organs of the Representatives of the Genius Fritillaria (Liliaceae).
  • Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, et al. Phytochemicals: potential therapeutic interventions against coronavirus-associated lung injury. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:1–22.
  • Marco R, Accordini S, Cerveri I, Corsico A, Antó JM, Künzli N, et al. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cohort of young adults according to the presence of chronic cough and phlegm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 175:32–9.
  • Özge Karakaş Metin1, Mine Türktaş, Meral Aslay, Erdal Kaya. Evaluation of the genetic relationship between Fritillaria species from Turkey’s flora using fluorescent-based AFLP. Turk J Biol (2013) 37: 273-279.
  • Pan F, Su T, Liu Y, Hou K, Chen C, Wu W. Extraction, purifcation and antioxidation of a polysaccharide from Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 112:1073–83.
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Past, present and future of the Fritillaria genus and Aygül tulip (Fritillaria eduardii), a member of this genus.

Yıl 2022, , 627 - 642, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1121393

Öz

Fritillaria is a genus of about 140 bulbous herbaceous perennial species distributed in two continents, Eurasia and North America. This genus of plants with the largest diploid genome sizes ever recorded has received much attention from researchers in recent years. F. eduardii plant is also a species in this genus. There are few studies in the literature on this species. Plant biodiversity makes significant contributions to the ecosystem and living health; It is thought that the extraordinary opportunities offered to many fields of science and technology such as agriculture, traditional and modern medicine, industry, and biotechnology will be the insurance of humanity in the future. Although Kyrgyzstan is smaller than many other world countries in terms of surface area, it is a country with a vibrant biological diversity. The Batken region is also an important center that contributes to this biodiversity. It is home to hundreds of endemic and local plants, such as the Aygül plant. Aygül plant is an endemic plant known in the Batken region due to its beauty and being a valuable plant for all of Kyrgyzstan. Naming the Aygül plant is one of the issues discussed by researchers. The name of this plant is Petillium eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var in literature sources. eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var. inadora, Fritillaria imperialis var. purperea and Fritillaria eduardii. The Aygül plant, which grows in limited numbers, is exposed to heavy rains and harsh climatic conditions in its natural environment. In addition, this plant species was added to the Red Booklist with the Communiqué of the Kyrgyz Republic Presidency dated 28 April 2005 and numbered 170 and included in the list of flower bulbs in danger of extinction prohibited from being collected in nature. This review study aims to provide basic information for research in this field by specifying the biotechnological methods that can be applied to protect the gene resources and ensure their continuity in biodiversity regarding the Fritillaria genus and a member of this genus, Aygül, the endemic species of Kyrgyzstan.

Proje Numarası

KTMU-BAP-2022.FB.01

Kaynakça

  • Abdalla, M. A., and Zidorn, C. The genus Tragopogon (Asteraceae): a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2020. 250, 112466.
  • Alp, Ş. Doğal Çiçeksoğanları ve Ters Lale Koruma Önlemleri ve Yetiştiriciliği. Yalova: Doğal Çiçek Soğancıları Derneği (2006).
  • Atta-Ur-Rahman, Akhtar MN, Choudhary MI, Tsuda Y, Sener B, Khalid A, et al. New steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria imperialis and their cholinesterase inhibiting activities. Chem Pharm Bull. 2002; 50:1013–6
  • Bennett MD, Leitch IJ (2012). Plant DNA C-values Database (Release 6.0, Dec. 2012). Available at: http://data.kew.org/cvalues (last accessed July 2016)
  • Cho I, Lee MJ, Kim J, Han NY, Shin KW, Sohn Y, et al. Fritillaria ussuriensis extract inhibits the production of infammatory cytokine and MAPKs in mast cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011; 75:1440–5.
  • D. Mil`ko. (2005). Eduard's Imperıal Crown (Petılıum Eduardıı, Lılıaceae) In Kyrgyzstan.
  • Day, P. D., Berger, M., Hill, L., Fay, M. F., Leitch, A. R., Leitch, I. J., et al. (2014). Evolutionary relationships in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 80, 11–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.024.
  • Guo X, Ni J, Xue J, Wang X. Extract of bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa perturbs spindle assembly checkpoint, induces mitotic aberrations and genomic instability in human colon epithelial cell line. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2017; 69:163–71.
  • Guo X, Wu X, Ni J, Zhang L, Xue J, Wang X. Aqueous extract of bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa induces cytokinesis failure by blocking furrow ingression in human colon epithelial NCM460 cells. Mutat Res Gen Tox En. 2020;850–851:503147.
  • Gürlek, 2011, Hao D, Gu X, Xiao P, Peng Y. Phytochemical and biological research of Fritillaria medicine resources. Chin J Nat Med. 2013; 11:330–44.
  • Hao D, Gu X, Xiao P, Peng Y. Phytochemical and biological research of Fritillaria medicine resources. Chin J Nat Med. 2013; 11:330–44.
  • Hill L (2013). Fritillaria: A list of published names. version 5.7. Available at: http://www.fritillariaicones.com/info/names/frit.names.pdf (last accessed November 2013).
  • Imanberdieva N. A. Current state of the endem P. eduardiii and its introduction to the Chui valley (Kyrgyz Republıc). IV. International Eurasian Agriculture and Natural Sciences Congress. Congress Book. Turkish 2020. 75 p
  • Jefferson-Brown M, Pratt K. The Gardener’s Guide to Growing Fritillaries. David & Charles. Devon, England; 1997
  • Kang DG, Sohn EJ, Lee YM, Lee AS, Han JH, Kim TY, et al. Efects of bulbus Fritillaria water extract on blood pressure and renal functions in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 91:51–6.
  • Katarzyna R., Laurence H., Agata R., Marcin Z. (2021). Evolution of Bird and Insect Flower Traits in Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae). Front. Plant Sci., 31 March 2021. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.656783.
  • Khourang, M., Babaei, A., Sefidkon, F., Naghavi, M. R., Asgari, D., and Potter, D. (2014). Phylogenetic relationship in Fritillaria spp. of Iran inferred from ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-trnF sequence data. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 57, 451–457. doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.10.001
  • Kim M, Nguyen D, Heo Y, Park KH, Paik H, Kim YB. Antiviral activity of Fritillaria thunbergii extract against human infuenza virus H1N1 (PR8) in vitro, in ovo and in vivo. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020; 30:172–7.
  • Kim S, Shin D, Oh M, Chung S, Lee J, Chang I, et al. Inhibition of sortase, a bacterial surface protein anchoring transpeptidase, by β-itosterol3-O-glucopyranoside from Fritillaria verticillata. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003; 67:2477–9.
  • Kim, J. S., and Kim, J. H. (2018). Updated molecular phylogenetic analysis, dating and biogeographical history of the lily family (Liliaceae: Liliales). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 187, 579–593. doi: 10.1093/botlinnean/boy031
  • Kimsanaliev, D., Biotechnological Approaches on Aigul Flower (Fritillaria eduardii). 8th International Congress on Fundamental and Applied Sciences 2021 (ICFAS2021) Proceeding Book. 2021 Antalya, Turkey.p. 176
  • Knight and Ackerley, 2002; Vinogradov, 2003; Knight et al., 2005; Temsch et al., 2010; Greilhuber and Leitch, 2013; Puttick et al., 2015.
  • Li H, Hung A, Li M, Yang A. Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus: traditional Uses, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. IJMS. 2019; 20:1667.
  • Li H, Jiang Y, Li P. Chemistry, bioactivity and geographical diversity of steroidal alkaloids from the Liliaceae family. Nat Prod Rep. 2006; 23:735.
  • Li X, Gao W, Huang L, Huang L, Liu C. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-infammatory potential of crude non-alkaloid fractions from Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. Lat Am J Pharm. 2010; 8:1328–35.
  • Li Y, Xu C, Zhang Q, Liu JY, Tan RX. In vitro anti-helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 98:329–33.
  • Li Z, Qiao Y, Li J, An C, Hu K, Tang M. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the extract of Thunberg Fritillary Bulb. Regul Toxicol Pharm. 2014; 68:370–7.
  • Liu S, Yang T, Ming TW, Gaun TKW, Zhou T, Wang S, et al. Isosteroid alkaloids from Fritillaria cirrhosa bulbus as inhibitors of cigarette smokeinduced oxidative stress. Fitoterapia. 2020; 140:104434.
  • Losina-Losinskaja, A.S. 1935. Genus 271. Fritillaria L. Pp. 232–246. in: Komarov, V.L. (ed.), Flora of the U.S.S.R., vol. 4. Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
  • M. V. Baranova. (2008). The Ecologo-Morphological Peculiarities of the Underground Organs of the Representatives of the Genius Fritillaria (Liliaceae).
  • Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, et al. Phytochemicals: potential therapeutic interventions against coronavirus-associated lung injury. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:1–22.
  • Marco R, Accordini S, Cerveri I, Corsico A, Antó JM, Künzli N, et al. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a cohort of young adults according to the presence of chronic cough and phlegm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 175:32–9.
  • Özge Karakaş Metin1, Mine Türktaş, Meral Aslay, Erdal Kaya. Evaluation of the genetic relationship between Fritillaria species from Turkey’s flora using fluorescent-based AFLP. Turk J Biol (2013) 37: 273-279.
  • Pan F, Su T, Liu Y, Hou K, Chen C, Wu W. Extraction, purifcation and antioxidation of a polysaccharide from Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 112:1073–83.
  • Regel, E. 1884a. Kurze Nachrichten über die letzten Sammlungen von A. Regel. Gartenflora 33: 68–73.
  • Regel, E. 1884b. Internationale Gartenbau-Ausstellung der Kaiserlichen Gartenbau-Gesellschaft in St. Petersburg vom 5. /17.–17. /29. Mai 1884. Gartenflora 33: 163–170.
  • Regel, E. 1884c. Fritillaria imperialis L. var. inodora purpurea Rgl. Gartenflora 33: 257–258, Tafel 1165.
  • Regel, E. 1884d. Descriptiones plantarum novarum et minus cogni-tarum, IX. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada [= Acta Horti Petropolitani] 8: 639–702, 21 figs
  • Rix EM (2001). Fritillaria: A revised classification: together with an updated list of species. Fritillaria Group of the Alpine Garden Society: Worcestershire, UK. pp 1-14.
  • Ro‘zimatov E.Yu., Foziljonov Sh., Yuldashev X.E. Farg‘ona vodiysi kamyob o‘simlik turlari“ atlas lug’ati //Uslubiy qo`llanma. - Toshkent: «Fan ziyosi» nashriyoti, 2021.- 84 b.
  • Rønsted, N., Law, S., Thornton, H., Fay, M. F., and Chase, M. W. (2005). Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 35, 509–527. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023.
  • Rozi P, Abuduwaili A, Mutailifu P, Gao Y, Rakhmanberdieva R, Aisa HA, et al. Sequential extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Fritillaria pallidifora Schrenk. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019; 131:97–106.
  • Ruan X, Yang L, Cui W, Zhang M, Li Z, Liu B, et al. Optimization of supercritical fuid extraction of total alkaloids, peimisine, peimine and peiminine from the bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of the extracts. Materials. 2016; 9:524.
  • Sadykova A. Unıque Flora of Kyrgyzstan. Materıals of The All-Russıan Youth Scıentıfıc And Practıcal Conference "Modern Problems of The Ecology of The Anımal And Plant World". Russian 2021.
  • Tekşen M, Aytac Z. The revision of the genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) in the Mediterranean region (Turkey). Turk J Bot 35: 447–78, 2011.
  • Vvedensky, A.I. 1941. Petilium. P. 473 in: Schreder, R.R. & Kudr-jaschev, S.N. (eds.), Flora Uzbekistanica, vol. 1. Tashkent: Editio Academiae Scientiarum UzSSR.
  • WCSP (2017). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at: http://wcsp.science.kew.org (last accessed September 2017).
  • Willem A. Wietsma, Ronald G. van den Berg, Johan van Scheepen & Jan J. Wieringa. The nomenclatural history of Fritillaria eduardii and the correct names of its varieties. December 2011: 1754–1759.
  • Wu X, Chan S, Ma J, Li P, Shaw P, Lin G. Investigation of association of chemical profles with the tracheobronchial relaxant activity of Chinese medicinal herb Beimu derived from various Fritillaria species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018; 210:39–46.
  • Xu F, Xu S, Wang L, Chen C, Zhou X, Lu Y, et al. Antinociceptive efcacy of verticinone in murine models of infammatory pain and paclitaxel induced neuropathic pain. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011; 34:1377–82.
  • Xu Y, Ming TW, Gaun TKW, Wang S, Ye B. A comparative assessment of acute oral toxicity and traditional pharmacological activities between extracts of Fritillaria cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillaria pallidifora Bulbus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019; 238:111853.
  • Zarei O, Yaghoobi MM. Cytotoxic efects of Fritillaria imperialis L. extracts on human liver cancer cells, breast cancer cells and fbroblast-like cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 94:598–604.
  • Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Yu D. Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2011; 13:1098–103.
  • Zhang T, Huang S, Song S, Zou M, Yang T, Wang W, Zhou J, Liao H. 2021. Identification of evolutionary relationships and DNA markers in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria based on chloroplast genomics. PeerJ 9: e12612 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12612.
  • Баранова. М.В. К систематике рода Lilium. Ленинград, 1990. - , 74-б.
  • Бондаренко.Л. Императордун таажысы –Гүл өстүрүүчүлүк. Москва, 2002. - 12-б.
  • Бутков. А.Я. Петилиум Эдуард. –Өзбек СССР инин Кызыл Китеби. Ташкент, 1984. - 33- б.
  • Иманбердиева Н.А., Маадалиева А.М. Современное Состояние Эндема Frıtıllarıa Eduardıı И Его Интродукция В Чуйскую Долину (Кыргызская Республика) // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2020. – № 12. – С. 17-20;
  • Имс А. Д. Морфология цветковых растений. Москва, 1964. - 110-б
  • Камелин. Р.В., Белоусова Л.С. Рябчик Эдуард. Крассная Книга СССР. 2-Том. Москва, 1984. - 240-б.
  • Лозина-Лозинская А.С. Рябчик – Fritillaria L. СССР, 1935. - 302–б.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Endüstriyel Biyoteknoloji
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Daniel Kimsanaliev 0000-0002-1096-3682

Sevgi Maraklı 0000-0001-5796-7819

Yilmaz Kaya 0000-0003-1506-7913

Proje Numarası KTMU-BAP-2022.FB.01
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Kimsanaliev D, Maraklı S, Kaya Y (01 Aralık 2022) Fritillaria cinsinin ve bu cinsin bir üyesi olan Aygül lalesi’nin (Fritillaria eduardii) dünü, bugünü ve yarını. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 5 3 627–642.


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