Past, present and future of the Fritillaria genus and Aygül tulip (Fritillaria eduardii), a member of this genus.

Öz

Fritillaria is a genus of about 140 bulbous herbaceous perennial species distributed in two continents, Eurasia and North America. This genus of plants with the largest diploid genome sizes ever recorded has received much attention from researchers in recent years. F. eduardii plant is also a species in this genus. There are few studies in the literature on this species. Plant biodiversity makes significant contributions to the ecosystem and living health; It is thought that the extraordinary opportunities offered to many fields of science and technology such as agriculture, traditional and modern medicine, industry, and biotechnology will be the insurance of humanity in the future. Although Kyrgyzstan is smaller than many other world countries in terms of surface area, it is a country with a vibrant biological diversity. The Batken region is also an important center that contributes to this biodiversity. It is home to hundreds of endemic and local plants, such as the Aygül plant. Aygül plant is an endemic plant known in the Batken region due to its beauty and being a valuable plant for all of Kyrgyzstan. Naming the Aygül plant is one of the issues discussed by researchers. The name of this plant is Petillium eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var in literature sources. eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var. inadora, Fritillaria imperialis var. purperea and Fritillaria eduardii. The Aygül plant, which grows in limited numbers, is exposed to heavy rains and harsh climatic conditions in its natural environment. In addition, this plant species was added to the Red Booklist with the Communiqué of the Kyrgyz Republic Presidency dated 28 April 2005 and numbered 170 and included in the list of flower bulbs in danger of extinction prohibited from being collected in nature. This review study aims to provide basic information for research in this field by specifying the biotechnological methods that can be applied to protect the gene resources and ensure their continuity in biodiversity regarding the Fritillaria genus and a member of this genus, Aygül, the endemic species of Kyrgyzstan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fritillaria eduardii
• Fritillaria imperialis var. eduardii
• endemic plant

Fritillaria cinsinin ve bu cinsin bir üyesi olan Aygül lalesi’nin (Fritillaria eduardii) dünü, bugünü ve yarını

Öz

Fritillaria, Avrasya ve Kuzey Amerika olmak üzere iki kıtada dağılım gösteren ve yaklaşık 140 soğanlı otsu çok yıllık türden oluşan bir cinstir. Şimdiye kadar kaydedilen en büyük diploid genom boyutlarına sahip bitkilerden oluşan bu cins, son yıllarda araştırmacılar tarafından çok fazla ilgi görmektedir. F. eduardii bitkisi de bu cinsin içinde yer alan bir türdür. Bu tür ile ilgili literatürde az çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ekosisteme ve canlı sağlığına çok önemli katkılar sunan bitki biyoçeşitliliğinin; tarım, geleneksel ve modern tıp, endüstri ve biyoteknoloji gibi birçok bilim ve teknoloji alannına sunduğu olağanüstü imkânların gelecekte de insanlığın sigortası durumunda olacağı düşünülmektedir. Kırgızistan, yüzölçümü olarak birçok dünya ülkesinden küçük olmasına karşın çok zengin biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahip bir ülkedir. Batken bölgesi de bu biyolojik çeşitliliğe katkıda bulunan önemli bir merkezdir. Aygül bitkisi gibi yüzlerce endemik ve yerel bitkiye ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Aygül bitkisi, güzelliğinden dolayı Batken bölgesinde tanınan bir endemik bitki olmasının yanı sıra tüm Kırgızistan için değerli bir bitki olma özelliğini de taşımaktadır. Aygül bitkisinin isimlendirilmesi araştırmacılar tarafından tartışılan konulardan biridir. Bu bitkinin ismi literatür kaynaklarında Petillium eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var. eduardii, Fritillaria imperialis var. inadora, Fritillaria imperialis var. purperea ve Fritillaria eduardii olarak geçmektedir. Sınırlı sayıda yetişen Aygül bitkisi, yetiştiği doğal ortamında kuvvetli sağanak yağmurlara ve sert iklim koşullarına maruz kalmaktadır. Ayrıca bu bitki türü Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Başkanlığı’nın 28 Nisan 2005 tarihli, 170 no’lu tebliği ile Kırmızı Kitap listesine eklenerek nesli tükenme tehlikesi altında ve doğada toplanması yasak olan çiçek soğanları listesine dâhil edilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında amaç, Fritillaria cinsi ve bu cinsin bir üyesi olan Kırgısiztan’ın endemik türü Aygül bitkisi ile ilgili olarak gen kaynaklarının korunması ve biyoçeşitlilik içerisindeki devamlılığının sağlanması için uygulanabilecek biyoteknolojik metotların belirtilerek bu alanda yapılacak araştırmalar için temel bilginin sağlanmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fritillaria eduardii
• Fritillaria imperialis var. eduardii
• endemik bitki

Kaynakça

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