DÜZGÜN İŞTEN İYİ OLUŞ HALİNE: “SORRY WE MISSED YOU” FİLM ANALİZİ

Öz

ILO tarafından resmi olarak ilk kez 1999 yılında dile getirilen “düzgün iş” kavramı, küreselleşme nedeniyle çalışma koşulları gün geçtikçe kötüleşen çalışanların insan onuruna yakışır iş olanaklarını arttırmak amacını taşımaktadır. Literatürde istihdam ile ilgili birçok konunun film analizi yoluyla incelendiği görülmesine karşın, düzgün iş konusunu film analizi yoluyla ele alan bir çalışmanın olmadığı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın literatürdeki bu boşluğu dolduracağına inanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle konu, Çalışma Psikolojisi Teorisi (Psychology of Working Theory – PWT) ele alınmıştır. Sonrasında düzgün iş unsurları ve iyi oluş hali üzerindeki etkileri, “Sorry We Missed You” filminden seçilen sahneler aracılığıyla PWT çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, filmin baş karakterinin yaptığı kuryelik işinin, düzgün iş unsurlarının her biri açısından yetersiz olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak karakterin psikolojik ve fizyolojik iyi oluş halinde zaman içerisinde bozulmalar meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda “düzgün olmayan işin” psikolojik ve fizyolojik iyi oluş hali üzerinde negatif etkileri olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düzgün iş
• İyi oluş hali
• Film analizi
• Çalışma psikolojisi teorisi

FROM DECENT WORK TO WELL-BEING: A FILM ANALYSIS OF “SORRY WE MISSED YOU”

Öz

The concept of "decent work", which was officially introduced to the literature by the ILO in 1999, aims to increase the decent job opportunities of employees whose working conditions are deteriorating day by day due to globalization. Although it is seen that many issues related to employment are examined through film analysis in the literature, it is noteworthy that there is no study that examine decent work via film analysis. It is believed that this study will fill this gap in the literature. In this context, first, the concept of decent work has been examined within the framework of the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT). Then, elements of decent work and their effects on well-being are evaluated within the scope of PWT through selected scenes from the “Sorry We Missed You” film. As a result, it has been revealed that the courier service of the main character of the film is insufficient in terms of each of the decent work elements. Accordingly, it has been determined that the psychological and physiological well-being of the character deteriorates over time. It can be stated that “indecent work” has negative effects on psychological and physiological well-being.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Decent work
• Well-being
• Film analysis
• Psychology of working theory

Kaynakça

1. Akmeşe, Z., & Arda, Ö. (2020). Ken Loach sinemasinda ‘özgürlük teması’ ve ‘özgürlük rüzgârı’ filminin çerçeveleme çözümlemesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(23), 2108-2131.
2. Anker, R., Chernyshev, I., Egger, P., & Mehran, F. (2003). Measuring decent work with statistical indicators. International Labour Review, 142, 147-178.
3. Ariza-Montes, A., Giorgi, G., Hernández-Perlines, F., & Fiz-Perez, J. (2019). Decent work as a necessary condition for sustainable well-being. A tale of Pi (i) gs and farmers. Sustainability, 11(4), 1051, 1-19.
4. BBC, (2019). Sorry we missed you. Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfilm/films/sorry-we-missed-you/
5. Blustein, D. L. (2001). Extending the reach of vocational psychology: Toward an inclusive and integrated psychology of working. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 171–182.
6. Blustein, D. L. (2006). The psychology of working: A new perspective for career development, counseling, and public policy. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Blustein, D. L., Olle, C., Connors-Kellgren, A., & Diamonti, A. J. (2016). Decent work: A psychological perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(407), 1-10.
8. Burchell, B., Sehnbruch, K., Piasna, A., & Agloni, N. (2014). The quality of employment and decent work: definitions, methodologies, and ongoing debates. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38(2), 459-477.

9. Champoux, J. E. (1999). Film as a teaching resource. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8(2), 206–217.
10. Chen, S. C., Jiang, W., & Ma, Y. (2020). Decent work in a transition economy: An empirical study of employees in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 153, 1-11.
11. Çi̇ğdem, S. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 ve dijital emek platformlarının insana yakışır iş bağlamında değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 77, 157-199.
12. Dang, H. (2019). Film review: Sorry we missed you is a grueling, heartbreaking yet compassionate drama from Ken Loach. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.theaureview.com/watch/film-review-sorry-we-missed-you-is-a-heartbreaking-yet-compassionate-drama-from-ken-loach/
13. Duffy, R. D., Blustein, D. L., Diemer, M. A., & Autin, K. L. (2016). The psychology of working theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(2), 127-148.
14. Duffy, R. D., Kim, H. J., Gensmer, N. P., Raque-Bogdan, T. L., Douglass, R. P., England, J. W., & Buyukgoze-Kavas, A. (2019). Linking decent work with physical and mental health: A psychology of working perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 384-395.
15. Duffy, R. D., Prieto, C. G., Kim, H. J., Raque-Bogdan, T. L., & Duffy, N. O. (2021). Decent work and physical health: a multi-wave investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 127, 1-16.
16. Ferraro, T., Dos Santos, N. R., Moreira, J. M., & Pais, L. (2020). Decent work, work motivation, work engagement and burnout in physicians. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5(13), 13-35.
17. Ferraro, T., Pais, L., & Dos Santos, N. R. (2015). Decent work: An aim for all made by all. International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 30-42.
18. Ferraro, T., Pais, L., Moreira, J.M., & Dos Santos, N. R. (2017). Decent work and work motivation in knowledge workers: the mediating role of psychological capital. Applied Research Quality of Life, 25(12), 1-15.
19. Ferraro, T., Pais, L., Rebelo Dos Santos, N., & Moreira, J. M. (2018). The Decent Work Questionnaire: Development and validation in two samples of knowledge workers. International Labour Review, 157(2), 243-265.
20. Goodall, Z., & Cook, K. (2021). Paid, domestic, and emotional work in the precariat: Ken Loach’s Sorry We Missed You. Feminist Media Studies, 1-16.
21. Graça, M., Pais, L., Mónico, L., Dos Santos, N. R., Ferraro, T., & Berger, R. (2021). Decent work and work engagement: A profile study with academic personnel. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(3), 917-939.
22. Grandey, A. A., Rupp, D., & Brice, W. N. (2015). Emotional labor threatens decent work: A proposal to eradicate emotional display rules. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(6), 770-785.
23. Gümüş M.; Öztürk M. (2019). Politik sinemada işçi sınıfı temalarının işlenişi: Ken Loach sineması. İş ve Hayat Dergisi, 5(10), 34-57.
24. Haiming, H., & Yan, Y. (2020). An integrative literature review and future directions of decent work. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(8), 1–17.
25. ILO, (1999). Decent work. Report of the Director-General to the 87th session of the International Labour Conference. Geneva.
26. ILO, (2013). Decent work indicators: Guidelines for producers and users of statistical and legal framework indicators - Draft. ILO Manual. 2nd Version.
27. IMDB, (2019). Sorry we missed you. Retrieved August 18, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8359816/
28. Kozan, S., Işık, E., & Blustein, D. L. (2019). Decent work and well-being among low-income Turkish employees: Testing the psychology of working theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(3), 317.
29. Love, P. (2013). Document analysis. In Stage, F.K., & Manning, K.K. (Eds), Research in the college context (pp. 99-112). New York:Routledge.
30. Malan, D. (2019). From decent work to decent lives: An empirical test of the outcomes of decent work in the psychology of working theory. (Master's thesis). University of Cape Town, Faculty of Commerce.
31. Nauta, M. M. (2013). Holland’s theory of vocational choice and adjustment. Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work, 2, 55-82.
32. Petrea, I. C. (2020). The effect of work meaning on the relationship between decent work and subjective well-being. (Master thesis). Universite de Lausanne, Psychology. Stoermer, S., Haslberger, A., Froese, F. J., & Kraeh, A. L. (2018). Person–environment fit and expatriate job satisfaction. Thunderbird International Business Review, 60(6), 851-860.
33. Wang, D., Jia, Y., Hou, Z. J., Xu, H., Zhang, H., & Guo, X. L. (2019). A test of psychology of working theory among Chinese urban workers: Examining predictors and outcomes of decent work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115, 1-11.