Araştırma Makalesi

STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH

Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3 30 Eylül 2026
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STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of S&P 500 index volatility using daily data from January 1, 2020, to November 1, 2025. The analysis focuses on volatility persistence, clustering behavior, and the effects of the EUR/USD exchange rate and WTI crude oil prices on the stock market. For this purpose, daily return series for the S&P 500 index, the EUR/USD exchange rate, and WTI crude oil prices are employed. The stationarity properties of the series are examined using unit root tests, and the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity is confirmed prior to the estimation process. Volatility dynamics are modeled using the GARCH(1,1) framework, while cross-market interactions are analyzed through an AR-X-GARCH specification. Risk performance is further assessed through Value-at-Risk (VaR) backtesting at the 99% confidence level. The empirical findings indicate that all return series are stationary and exhibit significant volatility clustering. The GARCH(1,1) estimates reveal strong volatility persistence, confirming that market risk evolves over time. The AR-X-GARCH results show that EUR/USD exchange rate returns have a negative and statistically significant effect on S&P 500 returns, while WTI crude oil returns exert a positive and economically meaningful impact. VaR backtesting results support the reliability of the risk estimates. Overall, the findings demonstrate that foreign exchange and commodity markets play a decisive role in shaping stock market volatility and that GARCH-type models can be effectively employed in portfolio risk measurement and financial stability analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

This study is based entirely on secondary data obtained from publicly accessible and internationally recognized data sources. No primary data were collected, and no experiments or surveys involving human participants or animals were conducted. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required for this research. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of academic integrity, transparency, and responsible research conduct.

Kaynakça

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  4. Balcilar, M., Ozdemir, Z. A., & Ozdemir, H. (2021). Dynamic return and volatility spillovers among S&P 500, crude oil, and gold. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1782
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ekonometrik ve İstatistiksel Yöntemler, Zaman Serileri Analizi, Finansal Ekonomi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

9 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

6 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Temelli, S. (2026). STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 22(3), 1041-1063. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1859752
AMA
1.Temelli S. STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH. ijmeb. 2026;22(3):1041-1063. doi:10.17130/ijmeb.1859752
Chicago
Temelli, Süreyya. 2026. “STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH”. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 22 (3): 1041-63. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1859752.
EndNote
Temelli S (01 Eylül 2026) STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 22 3 1041–1063.
IEEE
[1]S. Temelli, “STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH”, ijmeb, c. 22, sy 3, ss. 1041–1063, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.17130/ijmeb.1859752.
ISNAD
Temelli, Süreyya. “STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH”. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 22/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 1041-1063. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1859752.
JAMA
1.Temelli S. STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH. ijmeb. 2026;22:1041–1063.
MLA
Temelli, Süreyya. “STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH”. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, c. 22, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 1041-63, doi:10.17130/ijmeb.1859752.
Vancouver
1.Süreyya Temelli. STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH. ijmeb. 01 Eylül 2026;22(3):1041-63. doi:10.17130/ijmeb.1859752


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