REFLECTING ON TRADE UNION REVITALISATION IN THE 2000s WHILE THE NUMBER OF “INSIDERS” DECREASE AND THE NUMBER OF “OUTSIDERS” INCREASE

Yıl 2019, , 1 - 27, 01.07.2019

Seyhan Erdoğdu

https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019CEEIK201854095

Öz

Starting from the 1980s, trade union densities decreased in almost every country and trade unions lost power in both institutional and societal terms. While neoliberal globalisation increases the rates of unemployment and reproduces precarious work in different ways, trade union movements are seeking ways of resistance against deunionisation and poor and precarious working and living conditions through the union revitalisation strategies. In this presentation, the new trade union revitalization strategies and the trade union approaches aimed at defending and organizing the claims of the "outsiders” are evaluated against a background of decline in union power

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neoliberal Globalisation, Trade Unions, Union Revitalisation Strategies

2000’Lİ YILLARDA “İÇERİDEKİLER” AZALIR, “DIŞARIDAKİLER” ÇOĞALIRKEN SENDİKAL CANLANMAYI DÜŞÜNMEK

Öz

1980’li yıllardan başlayarak hemen her ülkede sendika yoğunluklarının azaldığı ve sendikaların gerek kurumsal gerekse toplumsal alanlarda güç kaybına uğradığı görülmektedir. Neoliberal küreselleşme, işsizlik oranlarını artırır ve güvencesiz kesimleri farklı biçimlerde yeniden üretirken, sendikal hareketler de sendikasızlaşmaya, kötü ve güvencesiz çalışma ve yaşam koşullarına karşı direnişin yollarını sendikal canlanma politikalarında aramaktadır. Bu sunuşta sendikal gücün azaldığı bir arka plana karşı, 2000’li yıllarda çeşitlenen yeni sendikal canlanma stratejileri ve “dışarıdakiler”in hak taleplerinin savunulmasını ve örgütlenmesini hedefleyen sendikal yaklaşımlar değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

• Bamber, G. J., Lansbury, R.D., & Wailes, N. (2004). International and comparative employment relations, London: Sage Publications.
• Behrens, M., & Pekarek, A. (2016). Between strategy and unpredictability: Negotiated decision making ın German union mergers, ILR Review, 69(3), 579–604.
• Bernacihak, M., & Kahancova M. (eds.) (2017). Innovative union practices in Central- Eastern Europe, Brussels: ETUl.
• Bieler, A. (2018). Agency and the power resources approach: Asserting the importance of the structuring conditions of the capitalist social relations of production, Global Labour Journal, 9(2), 243–248.
• Black, S. (2005). Community unionism: A strategy for organizing in the new economy. New Labor Forum, 14(3), 24-32
• Bramble, T. (1996). Globalisation, unions and the demise of the labourist Project, Journal of Australian Political Economy, 38, 32-61.
• Brookes, M. (2018). Power resources in theory and practice: Where to go from here?. Global Labour Journal, 9(2), 254–257.
• Bryson A., Ebbinghaus, B., & Visser, J. (2011). Introduction: Causes, consequences and cures of union decline, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 17(2), 97–105.
• Chaison, G. N. (1996). Union mergers in hard times, the view from five countries, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
• Chun, J.J. (2009). Organizing at the margins: The symbolic politics of labor in South Korea and the United States. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
• Coffey, W. J. (1996). The ‘newer’ international division of labour. In P. W. Daniels ve W. F. Lever (eds.), The Global Economy in Transition In Essex: Longman (pp.40- 62).
• Crouch, C. (2017). Membership density and trade union power, Transfer, 23(1), 47–61.
• Erdoğdu, S. (2006). Küreselleşme sürecinde uluslararası sendikacılık, Ankara: İMGE Yayınevi.
• European Commission (2010). Industrial relations in Europe, Brussels: European Commission.
• Fairbrother, P. (2015). Rethinking trade unionism: Union renewal as transition, The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 26(4), 561–576.
• Fairbrother, P., & E. Webster (2008). Social movement unionism: Questions and possibilities, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(4), 309–13.
• Flanders, A. (1970). Management and unions: The theory and reform of industrial relations, London: Faber.
• Foster, J. (2017). Accidental revitalization? Looking at the complex realities of union renewal”, Labor Studies Journal, 42(4), 322–344.
• Frege C. M., & Kelly, J. (2003). Union revitalisation strategies in comparative perspective, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 9(1), 7–24.
• Gereffi, G. (1994). The international economy and economic development. In N. J. Smelser ve R. Swedberg(eds), The Handbook of Economic Sociology (pp. 206- 233),Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Pres.
• Gumbrell-McCormick, R., & Hyman, R. (2013). Trade unions in Western Europe: Hard times, hard choices, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Harris, N. (1991). A comment on national liberation, International Socialism, 53, 79-91.
• Harrison, B. (1994). Lean and mean, New York: The Guilford Press.
• Hurd, R. W. (2004). The rise and fall of the organizing model in the U.S.(Electronic version). http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/articles/301/
• Hyman, R. (1999a). An emerging agenda for trade unions?, Discussion Paper, Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies
• Hyman, R. (1999b). Imagined solidarities: can trade unions resist globalization? In P. Leisink (ed.), Globalization and labour relations (pp.94-115), UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Hyman, R. (2001). Understanding European trade unionism, between market, class and society, California: SAGE Publications Ltd.
• Hyman, R. (2007). How can trade unions act strategically?, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 13(2), 193–210.
• Hyman, R. (2018). What future for industrial relations in Europe?, Employee Relations, 40(4), 569-579.
• Hyman, R., & Gumbrell-McCormick, R. (2010). Trade unions, politics and parties: is a new configuration possible?, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 16(3), 315–331
• Ibsen, C.L., & Tapia, M. (2017). Trade union revitalisation: Where are we now? Where to next?, Journal of Industrial Relations, 59(2), 170–191.
• Kornelakis, A., & Voskeritsian, H. (2018). Getting together or breaking apart? Trade union strategies, restructuring and contingent workers in Southern Europe, Economic and Industrial Democracy 39(2), 357–375.
• Kumar, P., & Schenk, C.R. (2006). Paths to union renewal: Canadian experiences, Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press.
• Lehndorff, S., Dribbusch, H., & Schulten, T. (2017). Rough waters. European trade unions in a time of crises. Brussels: ETUI.
• Marie E. A., Serrano, M.R., , M.S., & Certeza, R.A. (2009). Union revitalization and social movement unionism in the Philippines, Philippines: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
• Marx, K. (1866). The ınternational workingmen's association, ınstructions for the delegates https://www.marxists.org/history/international/iwma/documents/1866/instruction s.htm. the provisional general council
• Marx, K. (1870). Letter to the French-Swiss Federal Council. In D. Fernbach, (1974) The First International and After, Political Writings c. 3(pp.113-120),Middlesex: Penguin Books.
• McGuire, D. (2014). Analysing union power, opportunity and strategic capability: Global and local union struggles against the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), Global Labour Journal 5(1), 45-67.
• Melleiro, W., & Steinhilber, J. (2016). Brothers in arms? Trade union politics under the workers party governments. In de la Fontaine ve T. Stehnken(eds.) Political System of Brazil (pp. 201-227), NewYork.
• Milkman, R., Bloom, J., & Narro, V. (2010). Working for justice: The L.A. model of organizing and advocacy. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
• Moody, K. (1997). Workers in a Lean World, London: Verso.
• Murray, G. (2017). Union renewal: what can we learn from three decades of research?, Transfer, 23(1), 9–29.
• Oswalt, M. M. (2016). Improvisational Unionism, California Law Review, 104-3, 597- 670.
• Phelan C. (2007). Trade union revitalisation: Trends and prospects in 34 countries, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
• Polanyi, K.(1944). The great transformation, the political and social origins of our time, Boston: Beacon Press.
• Reich, A., & Bearman, P. (2018). Working for respect: Community and conflict at Walmart, New York (NY); Columbia University Press
• Schmalz, S., & Weinmann, N. (2016). Between power and powerlessness: Labor unrest in Western Europe in times of crisis, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 15(5), 543–566.
• Schmalz, S., Ludwig, C., & Webster, E. (2018). The power resources approach: Developments and challenges, Global Labour Journal, 9(2), 113–134.
• Schmalz. S., & Thiel, M. (2017). IG Metall’s comeback: Trade union renewal in times of crisis, Journal of Industrial Relations, 59(4), 465–486.
• Schmitter, P. C.,& Lehmbruch, G. (1979) (der.) Trends toward corporatist ıntegration, London: Sage.
• Scott, A. (1994). Willing slaves?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Silver, B. (2003). Forces of labour, Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
• Suzuki, A. (2008). Community unions in Japan: Similarities and differences of region- based labour movements between Japan and other ındustrialized countries, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 29(4), 492-520.
• Tattersall, A. (2008). Coalitions and community unionism, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(4), 415.
• Vandaele, K. (2015). ‘Trade unions’ ‘deliberative vitality’ towards young workers: Survey evidence across Europe. In der. A. Hodder ve L. Kretsos (eds.), Young Workers and Trade Unions: A Global View, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Visser, J. (2015). ICTWSS Data Base. Version 5.0. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
• Waddington, J. (2000). Towards a reform agenda: Europen trade unions in transition, Industrial relations Journal, 31(4), 317-30.
• Waddington, J. (2005). Restructuring representation: The merger process and trade union structural development in ten countries, Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Lang.
• Waddington, J. (2006). The trade union merger process in Europe: Defensive adjustment or strategic reform?, Industrial Relations Journal, 37(6), 630–651.
• Waddington, J., Kahmann, M., & Hoffman, J. (2003). United we stand? Trade union mergers -UK and Germany compared, London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society.
• Wahl, A. (2004). European labour: The ıdeological legacy of the social pact, Monthly Review, 55(8),37-49.
• Webster, E. (2015). Labour after globalization. Old and new sources of power. In Bieler vd. (eds), Labour and Transnational Action in Times of Crisis (pp.115-127), Maryland, USA: Rowman and Littlefield.
• Webster, E., & Ludwig, C. (2017). Sword of justice or defenders of vested interest?: The struggles of Johannesburg Muniicipal Workers. In E, Webster, A. Britwum ve S. Bhowmik(eds.), Crossing the divide: Precarious Work and the Future of Labour (pp. 165-186), Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
• Willman, P., & Cave, A. (1994). The union of the future: Super unions or Joint Ventures, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 32 (Eylül), 395-417.
• Wiseman, J. P. (1996). A kinder road to hell? Labor and the politics of progressive competitiveness in Australia. In L. Panitch (ed.), The Socialist Register, London: Merlin Press.
• Wright, E.O. (2000). Working class power, capitalist-class interests and class comprimise, American Journal of Sociology, 105(4), 957-1002.
• Xu, H., & Schmalz, S. (2017). Socialising labour protest: New forms of coalition building in South China, Development and Change, 48(5), 1031-1051.
• Zajak, S. (2017). International allies, institutional layering and power in the making of labour in Bangladesh, Development and Change, 48(5), 1007-103.