THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE PERCEPTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEPTIONS OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Abstract

This study has examined the effects of the ethical principles and organizational culture on the perception of organizational justice. Within scope of the study, the data, collected from the 406 academic personnel at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences in Ankara were analyzed. The data was collected by questionnaire. A frequency analysis is conducted for the distribution of demographic variables, then confirmatory factor analysis is conducted for testing scale validity; correlation and regression analyses are applied for testing the relationship and predictive power respectively. As a result of the study, organizational culture and academicians’ ethical principles have been identified as predictors of organizational justice. In addition, academicians’ ethical principles have a partial mediation effect on relationship of organizational justice and organizational culture

Keywords

• Organizational Justice,Organizational Culture,Ethics,Ethical Principles

ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜNÜN ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET ALGISINA ETKİSİNDE ETİK İLKELERE İLİŞKİN ALGILARIN ARACILIK ROLÜ

Öz

Bu çalışmada örgütsel adalet algısının öncelleri olan etik ilkler algısının ve örgüt kültürünün, örgütsel adalet algısına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Ankara’da bulunan üniversitelerin İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültelerinde görev alan 406 akademik personelden toplanan veriler analiz edilmiştir. Veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmış ve demografik değişkenlerin dağılımı frekans analizi, ölçeklerin geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, değişkenler arası ilişkiler korelasyon analizi, örgütsel değişkenlerin birbirini yordama gücü ise regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda örgüt kültürü ve akademisyenlerin etik ilkeler algısının, örgütsel adaletin yordayıcısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca etik ilkeler algısının, örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel adalet algısı arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık etkisi vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Örgütsel Adalet,Örgütsel Kültür,Etik,Etik İlkeler

Kaynakça

1. Adler, N. J. (1997). International dimensions of organizational behavior. 3rd ed., Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing
2. Austin, A. E. (1990). Faculty cultures, faculty values, New Directions for Institutional Research, 68, 61-74.
3. Badiou, A. (2004). Etik. Çev. Birkan, T., İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
4. Bakan, İ., Büyükbeşe, T., & Bedestenci, Ç. (2004). Örgüt Sırlarının Çözümünde Örgüt Kültürü. İstanbul: Aktüel Yayınları.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
6. Bartell, M. (2003). Internationalization of universities: a university culture-based framework. Higher Education, 45, 43-70.
7. Beauchamp, T. L., & Bowie, N. E. (1993). Ethical Theory and Business. Fourth Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
8. Beugre, C. D. (2007). A cultural perspective of organizational justice. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

9. Bowie, N. E., & Schneider, M. (2011). Business ethics for dummies. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc.
10. Brady, R N. (1985). A Janus-headed model of ethical theory: Looking two ways at business/ society issues. Academy of Management Review, 10, 568-577.
11. Brady, F. N., & Wheeler, G. E. (1996). An empirical study of ethical predispositions. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 921-941.
12. Cavana R. Y., Delahaye, B. L. & Sekeran, U. (2001). Appiled business research: qualitative and quantitative methods. Australia: Wiley&Sons.
13. Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 86(2), 278–321.
14. Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-400.
15. Colquitt J. A., Conlon D. E., Wesson M. J., Porter C., & Ng Y. (2001). Justice at the milennium: A Meta – analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425-445.
16. Colquitt, J., Greenberg J., & Zapata-Phelan C., P. (2005). What is organizational justice? A historical overview. Handbook of Organizational Justice, Ed. J. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt, 3-56, New Jersey: Jawrence Erlbaum.
17. Conner, D. S. (2003). Socially appraising justice: A cross-cultural perspective. Social Justice Research, 16, 29–39.
18. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business Research Methods. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill.
19. Cropanzano, R., Byrne, Z. S., Bobocel, D. R. & Rupp, D. E. (2001). Moral virtues, fairness heuristics, social entities, and other denizens of organizational justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 164–209.
20. Cropanzano R., & Stein, J. H. (2009). Organizational justice and behavioral ethics: Promises and prospects. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(2), 193–233.
21. Dailey, R. C., & Kirk, D. J. (1992). Distributive and procedural justice as antecedents of job dissatisfaction and intent to turnover. Human Relations, 45(3), 305-317.
22. DeConinck, J. (2010). The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees’ level of trust. Journal of Business Research, 63, 1349-1355.
23. Dickson, M. W., Smith, D. B., Grojean, M. W., Ehrhart, M. (2001). An organizational climate regarding ethics: The outcome of leaders’ value and the practices that reflect them. The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 197-217.
24. Eren, E. (1998). Örgütsel Davranış ve Yönetim Psikolojisi. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
25. Ferrell O. C., Gresham L. G., & Fraedrich J. (1989). A synthesis of ethical decision models for marketing. J. Macro, 9(2), 55–64.
26. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L., (2011). Business ethics: ethical decision making and cases. 8th Edition, USA: South-Western, Cengage Learning.
27. Filizöz, B. (2011). İşletme etiği. İçinde Z. Sabuncuoğlu (ed.), İş etiği. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.
28. Fischer, R., & Smith, P. B. (2003). Reward allocation and culture: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 251–268.
29. Fischer, R., Cristina, M. F., Jiang, D., Cheng, B., Achoui, M. M., Wong, C. C., Baris, G., Mendoza, S., Nathalie, V., Achmadi, D., Hassan, A., Zeytinoglu, G., Figen, D., Harb, C., Darwish, D., & Assmar, E. A., (2011). Are perceptions of organizational justice universal? An exploration of measurement invariance across thirteen cultures. Social- Justice Research. 24, 297–313.
30. Folger, R. (1986). Rethinking equity theory: a referent cognitions model. In H. W. Beirhoff, R. L. Cohen, & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Justice in Social Relations, pp. 145–162. New York: Plenum Press.
31. Folger, R. (1998). Fairness as a moral virtue. In Schminke, M. (ed.), Managerial Ethics: Moral Management of People and Processes, pp. 13–34. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32. Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management, USA: Sage Publications Inc.
33. Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (2001). Fairness theory: Justice as accountability, In J. Greenberg, & R. Cropanzano (Eds.), Advances in organizational justice, pp. 1-55, Stanford CA: Stanford Univ. Press.
34. Folger, R., Cropanzano, R., & Goldman, B. (2005). What is the relationship between justice and morality? In J. Greenberg and J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Justice, pp. 215–246, NJ:Erlbaum.
35. Folger R., Ganegoda, D. B., Rice, D. B., Taylor, R., & Wo, D. X. H. (2013). Bounded autonomy and behavioral ethics: Deonance and reactance as competing motives. Human Relations, 66, 7.
36. Folger, R., Cropanzano, R., & Goldman, B. (2005). What is the relationship between justice and morality? In Greenberg, J, Colquitt, J. A. (Eds.), Handbook of organizational justice, pp. 215-245, London: LEA.
37. Franke, G. R., & Nadler, S. S. (2008). Culture, economic development, and national ethical attitude. Journal of Business Research, 61, 254–264.
38. Goffee, R., & Jones, G., 2005, Managing authenticity, Harvard Business Review, 83(12), 85– 94.
39. Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16, 399-432.
40. Greenberg, J., & Bies R. J. (1992). Establishing the role of empirical studies of organizational justice in philosophical inquiries into business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 433- 444.
41. Handy, C.B., (1981). Understanding organizations. Hazell Watson Ltd.
42. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work related values. London: Sage Publishing.
43. Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. J. (2006). The general theory of marketing ethics: A revision and three questions. J. Macro, 26(2), 143–53.
44. İra, N., & Şahin, S. (2011). Örgüt kültürü ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi S.B.E. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9, 1-13.
45. Kara, Y. (2006). Okullardaki örgütsel kültürün okul yöneticilerinin etik davranişlari üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi SBE İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı.
46. Kilmann, R. H. (1983). A typology of organization typologies: Toward parsimony and integration in the organizational sciences, Human Relations, 36(6), 523-548.
47. Köse, S., Kartal, B., & Kayalı N. (2003). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve tutuma ilişkin faktörlerle ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma, Erciyes Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 20, 1-17.
48. Lerner, M. J. (2003). The justice motive: Where social psychologists found it, how they lost it, and why they may not find it again. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 388-89.
49. Leung, K. (2005). How generalizable are justice effects across cultures? In J. Greenberg, J. A. Colquitt (Eds.) Handbook of organizational justice, (pp 555-586). USA, NJ: Lawrence, Erlbaum.
50. Lind, E. A., Tyler, T. R., & Huo, Y. J. (1997). Procedural context and culture: Variation in the antecedents of procedural justice judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 767–780.
51. Lok, P., Westwood, R., & Crawford, J. (2005). Perceptions of organizational subculture and their significance for organizational commitment. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54(4), 490-514.
52. Mamatoğlu, N. (2004). Örgütsel kültür tipi ölçeği, 3P Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 12(4), 305-315.
53. Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi: AMOS uygulamaları, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
54. Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855.
55. O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Griffin, R. W., & Glew, D. J. (1996). Organization-motivated agression: A research framework. Academy of Management Review, 21, 225-253.
56. Paine, L. S. (1997). Cases in leadership, ethics, and organizational integrity a strategic perspective. Boston: Irwin Publishing.
57. Pheysey, D. C. (1993). Organizational cultures, types and transformations. London: Routledge.
58. Pieper, A. (1999). Etiğe giriş. (Çev. V. Atayman, G. Sezer). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
59. Pratt, M., & Margaritis, D. (1999). Developing a research culture in a university faculty. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 21(1), 38-49.
60. Primeaux, P. S. M., Karri, R., & Caldwell, C. (2003). Cultural insights to Justice: A theoretical perspective through a subjective lens. Journal of Business Ethics, 46, 187–99.
61. Robbins, S. P. (1994). Örgütsel davranişin temelleri. (Çev. A. Öztürk). Ankara: Beta Basım.
62. Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture, American Psychologist, 45(2), 109-119.
63. Schminke, M., Ambrose, M. L., & Noel, T. W. (1997). The effect of ethical frameworks on perceptions of organizational justice. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1190-1207.
64. Schminke, M., Ambrose, M. L., & Cropanzano, R. S. (2000). The effect of organizational structure on perceptions of procedural fairness, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 294- 304.
65. Shao, R., Rupp, D. E., Skarlicki, D. P., & Jones, K. S. (2013). Employee justice across cultures: A meta-analytic review, Journal of Management, 39(1), 263-301.
66. Singer, P. (2001). Animal liberation, Newyork: Harper Collins.
67. Skitka, L. J., Bauman, C. W., & Mullen, E. (2008). Morality and justice: An expanded theoretical perspective and empirical review, In K. A. Hegtvedt, J. Clay-Warner (Eds.). Justice, 1-27, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
68. Smnka, K. J. (2004). Culture’s role in marketers’ ethical decision making: An integrated theoretical framework. Acad Mark Sci. Rev., 1, 1–34.
69. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.). Sociological methodology (pp. 290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
70. Spence, E., & Van Heekeren, B. (2004). Advertising ethics. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
71. Stoll, M. L. (2002). The ethics of marketing good corporate conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 41, 121-129.
72. Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1997). Business ethics across cultures: A social cognitive model, Journal of World Business, 32(1), 17-34.
73. Stoner, C. R. (1989). The foundations of ethics: Exploring the relationship between organization culture, moral values and actions. Advanced Management Journal, 35- 44.
74. Svensson, G., & Wood G. (2003). The dynamics of business ethics: A function of time and culture- cases and models. Management Decision, 41(4), 350-361.
75. Taşçıoğlu, H. (2010). Örgüt kültürünün örgütsel adalete etkisi: Bir örnek olay. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
76. Trevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model. Academy of Management Review, 11, 601-617.
77. Trevino L. K., & Weaver, G. R. (2001). Organizational justice and ethics program ‘follow- through’: Influences on employees’ harmful and helpful behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly 11(4), 651–671.
78. Trevino, L. K., & Nelson, K.A. (2011). Managing business ethics, straight talk about how to do it right, 5th Ed., USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
79. Trompenaars, J. C. (1994). Riding the waves of culture, London: Irwin Publications.
80. Victor, B., & Cullen J. B. (1988). The organizational bases of ethical work climates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 101-125.
81. Weaver, G. R. (1995). Does ethic code design matter? Effects of ethics code rationales and sanc tions on recipients’ justice perceptions and content recall. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(5), 367–385.
82. Weiss, J. W. (1994). Business ethics: A managerial, stakeholder approach. California: Wadsworth Pub. Co.
83. Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
84. Yılmaz, G. (2007). Akademisyenlik mesleğine yönelik etik kodların geliştirilmesine ilişkin görgül bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Manisa: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi SBE.