KODÁLY AND ORFF: A COMPARISON OF TWO APPROACHES IN EARLY MUSIC EDUCATION

Abstract

The Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist Zoltán Kodály and the German composer Carl Orff are considered two of the most influential personalities in the arena of music education during the twentieth-century due to two distinct teaching methods that they developed under their own names. Kodály developed a hand-sign method movable Do for children to sing and sight-read while Orff’s goal was to help creativity of children through the use of percussive instruments. Although both composers focused on young children’s musical training the main difference between them is that Kodály focused on vocal/choral training with the use of hand signs while Orff’s main approach was mainly on movement, speech and making music through playing particularly percussive instruments. Finally, musical creativity via improvisation is the main goal in the Orff Method; yet, Kodály’s focal point was to dictate written music

Keywords

• Zoltán Kodály, Carl Orff, The Kodály Method, The Orff Method

KODÁLY VE ORFF: ERKEN MÜZİK EĞİTİMİNDE KULLANILAN İKİ METODUN BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Öz

Macar besteci ve etnomüzikolog Zoltán Kodály 1882-1967 ve Alman besteci Carl Orff 1895-1982 geliştirmiş oldukları farklı 2 öğretim metodundan dolayı 20. yüzyılda müzik eğitimi alanında en etkili 2 kişi olarak anılmaktadırlar. Kodály çocukların şarkı söyleyebilmeleri ve deşifre yapabilmeleri için el işaretleri metodu gezici Do geliştirmiş, Orff ise vurmalı çalgıların kullanımı ile çocukların yaratıcılıklarını geliştirmeyi hedef edinmiştir. Her ne kadar her iki besteci de küçük yaştaki çocukların müzik eğitimine odaklanmış olsa da aralarındaki en önemli fark Kodály’nin el işaretlerinin kullanımı ile ses ve koro eğitimine odaklanması Orff’un ise esas yaklaşımının hareket, konuşma ve özellikle vurmalı çalgılarla müzik yapmasıdır. Son olarak, Orff Metodu’nda müziksel yaratıcılık esas hedeftir, ancak Kodály Metodu’nun ana noktası yazılı müziğin söylenmesidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zoltán Kodály, Carl Orff, Kodály Metodu, Orff Metodu

Kaynakça

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