A RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL, JOB CRAFTING AND MEANINGFULNESS OF WORK

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 889 - 903, 01.10.2019

Şeyda Nur Seçkin

https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019355055

Cited By: 10

Öz

Job crafting which can be defined as employees’ voluntary efforts to reshape the boundaries of their work has drawn attention of researchers for two decades; and studies on this topic have been increasing gradually. However, empirical evidence on the individual factors affecting job crafting are relatively limited. In this study, internal locus of control was considered as an individual factor that may affect job crafting; and internal locus of control-job crafting-meaningfulness of work relationship was investigated. With a sample of 283 salesperson working in chain stores, study findings demonstrated that internal locus of control has a positive effect on both task and relational crafting. In addition, it was found that task crafting has a full mediating effect on the relationship of internal locus of control and meaningfulness of work

Anahtar Kelimeler

Internal Locus of Control, Job Crafting, Meaningfulness of Work

İÇ DENETİM ODAĞI, İŞ BECERİKLİLİĞİ VE İŞİN ANLAMLILIĞI İLİŞKİSİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Çalışanların gönüllü olarak iş sınırlarını kendi kapsamı içinde yeniden şekillendirmesi olarak tanımlanan iş becerikliliği, yaklaşık son yirmi yıldır araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmekte; konuya ilişkin yapılan araştırmaların sayısı da gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Ancak iş becerikliliğine etki eden bireysel faktörleri ele alan çalışmaların göreceli olarak sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, iş becerikliliğine etki edebileceği düşünülen bireysel bir faktör olan iç denetim odağı ele alınmış; iç denetim odağının iş becerikliliği vasıtasıyla işin anlamlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Zincir mağazalarda görev yapmakta olan 283 satış elemanından elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda; iç denetim odağının görev ve ilişkisel becerikliliği pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, görev becerikliliğinin iç denetim odağı-işin anlamlılığı ilişkisinde tam aracılık etkisine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İç Denetim Odağı, İş Becerikliliği, İşin Anlamlılığı

Kaynakça

• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
• Aube, C., Rousseau, V., & Morin, E. M. (2007). Perceived organizational support and organizational commitment: The moderating effect of locus of control and work autonomy. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(5), 479-495.
• Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(10), 1359-1378.
• Bandolos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2001). Item parceling issues in structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides, & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling: New developments and techniques. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
• Bandolos, D. L. (2002). The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(1), 78-102.
• Berg, J.M., Dutton, J.E., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2013). Job crafting and meaningful work. In B.J. Dik, Z.S. Byrne, & M.F. Steger (Eds.), Purpose and meaning in the workplace (pp. 81–104). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Berg, J. M., Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2010). Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 158-186.
• Bryne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. 3rd edition, New York: Routledge
• Coleman, D. F., Irving, G. P., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Another look at the locus of control-organizational commitment relationship: It depends on the form of commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 995-1001.
• De Hoogh, A. H. B., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2009). Neuroticism and locus of control as moderators of charismatic and autocratic leadership with burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 1058- 1067.
• Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19(4), 237–247.
• Geldenhuys, M., Laba, K., & Venter, C. M. (2014). Meaningful work, work engagement and organizational commitment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1), 1-10.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. 7th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall Inc.
• Hall, R. J., Snell, A. F., & Foust, M. S. (1999). Item parceling strategies in SEM: Investigating the subtle effects of unmodeled secondary constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 2(3), 233-256.
• Hamid, P. N. (1994). Self-monitoring, locus of control, and social encounters of Chinese and New Zealand students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25, 353-368.
• Chen, J. C., & Silverthorne, C. (2008). The impact of locus of control on job stress, job performance and job satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(7), 572-582.
• Kaya, Ç. (2016). Kontrol odağı ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 81-96.
• Kerse, G. (2017). İş becerikliliği (job crafting) ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlama ve duygusal tükenme ile ilişkisini belirleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(4), 283-304.
• Kuruüzüm, A., Irmak, S., & Çetin, E. İ. (2010). İşe bağlılığı etkileyen faktörler: İmalat ve hizmet sektörlerinde karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Bilig, 53, 183-198.
• Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173.
• Luthans, F., Baack, D., & Taylor, L. (1987). Organizational commitment: Analysis of antecedents. Human Relations, 40, 219-236.
• Martin, R., Thomas, G., Charles, K., Epitropaki, O., & McNamara, R. (2005). The role of leader-member exchanges in mediating the relationship between locus of control and work reactions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 141-147.
• Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi: AMOS uygulamaları. 2. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Mueller, S. L., & Thomas, A. S. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), 51-75.
• Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Eby, L. T. (2006). Locus of control at work: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1057-1087.
• Niessen, C., Weseler, D., & Kostova, P. (2016). When and why do individuals craft their jobs? The role of individual motivation and work characteristics for job crafting. Human Relations, 69(6), 1287- 1313.
• Petrou, P., Bakker, A. B., & Van Den Heuvel, M. (2017). Weekly job crafting and leisure crafting: Implications for meaning-making and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 90, 129-152.
• Plomp, J., Tims, M., Akkermans, J., Khapova, S. N., Jansen, P.G.W., & Bakker, A.B. (2016). Career competencies and job crafting: How proactive employees influence their well-being. Career Development International, 21(6), 587-602.
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
• Ringer, R. C., & Boss, R. W. (2000). Hospital professionals’ use of upward influence tactics. Journal of Managerial Issues, 12, 92-108.
• Roczniewska, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Who seeks job resources, and who avoids job demands? The link between dark personality traits and job crafting. The Journal of Psychology, 150(8), 1026- 1045.
• Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1-28.
• Schafer, W. E., & McKenna, J. F. (1991). Perceived energy and stress resistance: A study of city managers. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(2), 271-282.
• Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
• Siu, O. L., Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L., Lu, L., & Yu, S. (2002). Managerial stress in greater China: The direct and moderator effects of coping strategies and work locus of control. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(4), 608-632.
• Slemp, G. R., & Vella-Brodrick, D.A. (2013). The job crafting questionnaire: A new scale to measure the extent to which employees engage in job crafting. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2), 126-146.
• Spector, P.E. (1982). Behavior in organizations as a function of employees’ locus of control. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 482-497.
• Spector, P. E. (1986). Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human Relations, 39(11), 1005-1016.
• Spector, P.E. (1988). Development of the work locus of control scale. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 335-340.
• Spector, P.E., Cooper, C.L., Sanchez, J.I., O’Driscoll, M., Sparks, K., Bernin, P., Bussing, A., Dewe, P., Hart, P., Lu, L., Miller, K., Elvaio Renault De Moraes, L., Ostrognay, G.M., Pagon, M., Pitariu, H., Poelmans, S., Radhakrishnan, P., Russinova, V., Salamatov, V., Salgado, J., & Shima, S. (2001). Do national levels of individualism and internal locus of control relate to well-being: An ecological level international study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(8), 815-832.
• Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L., Sanchez, J. I., O’Driscoll, M., Sparks, K., Bernin, P., Büssing, A., Dewe, P., Hart, P., Lu, L., Miller, K., De Moraes, L. R., Ostrognay, G. M., Pagon, M., Pitariu, H. D., Poelmans, S. A. Y., Radhakrishnan, P., Russinova, V., Salamatov, V., Salgado, J. F., Shima, S., Siu, O. L., Stora, J. B., Teichmann, M., Theorell, T., Vlerick, P., Westman, M., Widerszal-Bazyl, M., Wong, P. T. P., & Yu, S.(2002). Locus of control and well-being at work: How generalizable are Western findings? Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 453-466.
• Spector, P. E., Sanchez, J. I., Siu, O. L., Salgado, J., & Ma, J. (2004). Eastern versus Western control beliefs at work: An investigation of secondary control, socio-instrumental control, and work locus of control in China and the US. Applied Psychology, 53(1), 38-60.
• Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. The Academy of Management Journal, 38 (5), 1442-1465.
• Steger, M. F., & Dik, B. J. (2009). If one is looking for meaning in life, does it help to find meaning in work? Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3, 303-320.
• Storms, P. L., & Spector, P. E. (1987). Relationships of organizational frustration with reported behavioral reactions: The moderating effect of locus of control. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 227-234.
• Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., & Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapısal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri. Yaşar Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(31), 5371-5391.
• Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-9.
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2016a). The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230-240.
• Tims, M., Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2016b). Job crafting and its relationship between with-person-job fit and meaningfulness: A three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 92, 44-53.
• Wanberg, C. R. (1997). Antecedents and outcomes of coping behaviors among unemployed and reemployed individuals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 731-744.
• Wei, F., & Si, S. (2013). Tit or tat? Abusive supervision and counterproductive work behaviors: The moderating effects of locus of control and perceived mobility. Asian Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 281-196.
• Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201.
• Wrzesniewski, A., LoBuglio, N., Dutton, J. E., & Berg, J. M. (2013). Job crafting and cultivating positive meaning and identity in work. In A. B. Bakker (Eds.), Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 281–302). London, UK: Emerald.