Araştırma Makalesi
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İlkokul 4. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitabındaki Soru ve Etkinliklerin 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 27, 27.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.53046/ijotem.1470706

Öz

Bu araştırma 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında ilkokul 4. sınıflarda kullanılan Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabını 21. yüzyıl becerileri bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizinin kullanıldığı araştırmada veri analizi süreci içerik analizi tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu süreçte ders kitabındaki soru ve etkinliklerin hangi 21. yüzyıl becerilerine yönelik hazırlandığı kodlama ve kategorize etme süreçleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarından ulaşılan bulgulara göre kitapta yer alan toplam 128 sorunun 113'ü eleştirel düşünme, 8'i iletişim ve 7'si yaratıcılık becerisine yöneliktir. Bu durum, kitapta yer verilen soruların işbirliği, iletişim ve yaratıcılık becerilerine yeterli ölçüde odaklanmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, kitaptaki toplam 51 etkinlikten 24'ü eleştirel düşünme, 3'ü işbirliği, 12'si iletişim ve 12'si yaratıcılık becerisine yönelik olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar genel olarak, Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabının 21. yüzyıl becerilerini yeterli ve eşit düzeyde kapsama bakımından, özellikle işbirliği, iletişim ve yaratıcılık becerileri bağlamında önemli eksikliklere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. İşbirliği becerisinin kitapta dikkat çekici düzeyde yetersiz temsil edilmesi, bu alandaki potansiyel gelişim fırsatlarının gözardı edilmiş olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Söz konusu bulgular ışığında, gelecek dönemlerde hazırlanacak ders kitaplarında 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin tümüne eşit ve yeterli düzeyde yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Aschner, M. J. (1961). Asking questions to trigger thinking. NEA Journal, 50, 44-46.
  • Bailin, S. (2002). Critical thinking and science education. Science & Education, 11(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016042608621
  • Bawden, D. (2001). Information and digital literacies: A review of concepts. Journal of Documentation, 57(2), 218-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007083
  • Bazeley, P. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: Practical strategies. SAGE.
  • Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (Ninth edition). Pearson.
  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining Twenty-First Century Skills. P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.) içinde, Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. (ss. 17-66). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals (Handbook I: Cognitive domain). David McKay.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Brophy, J., & Alleman, J. (1991). A caveat: Curriculum integration isn’t always a good idea. Educational Leadership, 49, 2-7.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford university press.
  • Cochran-Smith, M., Feiman-Nemser, S., MacIntyre, J. D., & Demers, K. E. (Ed.). (2008). Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions in changing contexts (3. ed). Routledge.
  • Çelikkaya, T., & Kürümlüoğlu, M. (2019). 4. ve 5. sınıf yeni sosyal bilgiler programında kazandırılması hedeflenen ortak becerilere ilişkin kazanımların içeriğe yansıması. Uluslararası Ders Kitapları ve Eğitim Materyalleri Dergisi, 2(2), 166-186. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijotem/issue/50671/620565
  • Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. J. Bellance, & R. Brandt (Eds.) içinde, 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 51-76). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
  • Definition and Selection of Competencies. (2005). OECD. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/definition-selection-key-competencies-summary.pdf
  • Demir, A. Y., & Özyurt, M. (2021). Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programı ve Ders Kitaplarının 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Bağlamında İncelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 1254-1290. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.867905
  • Düzgüner, T. T., Karabulut, H., & Kariper, A. (2022). 21. Yüzyıl becerileri ile ilgili yapılmış olan çalışmaların incelenmesi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 179-199. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kusbd/issue/68301/986758
  • Elias, M. J., Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Frey, K. S., Greenberg, M. T., Haynes, N. M., ... & Shriver, T. P. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. ASCD.
  • Halpern, D. F. (2003). Thought & Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hayırsever, F., & Kısakürek, M. A. (2014). Evaluation of social studies textbook in terms of the aimed skills to be acquired by students according to the primary school curriculum. Uluslararası Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(8), 23-42.
  • Hunkins, F. P. (1972). Questioning strategies and techniques. Allyn and Bacon.
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational Researcher, 38(5), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09339057
  • Larson, B. E. (2011). Instructional strategies for middle and secondary social studies: Methods, assessment, and classroom management (1. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203829899
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2018). Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programı. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/201812103847686-SOSYAL%20BİLGİLER%20ÖĞRETİM%20PROGRAMI%20.pdf
  • National Research Council (2011). Assessing 21st century skills. The National Academies Press.
  • Niu, W., & Liu, D. (2009). Enhancing creativity: A comparison between effects of an indicative instruction “to be creative” and a more elaborate heuristic instruction on Chinese student creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 3(2), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013660
  • Nur, L. (2020). Analyzing Elementary School Student Cooperative Skill through Outbound Activity. TEGAR Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School, 4, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v4i1.28363.
  • Oztop, P., & Gummerum, M. (2020). Group creativity in children and adolescents. Cognitive Development, 56, 100923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100923.
  • P21 Framework Definitions. (2015). The partnership for 21st century learning (P21). https://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21_Framework_Definitions_New_Logo_2015_9pgs.pdf
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. SAGE.
  • Paul, R. W., & Elder, L. (2007). A guide for educators to critical thinking competency standards: Standards, principles, performance indicators, and outcomes; with a critical thinking master rubric. Foundation for Critical Thinking.
  • Pellegrino, J. W., & Hilton, M. L. (Eds.) (2012). Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century. National Research Council of the National Academes. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Ricketts, K. G., & Ricketts, J. C. (2010). Leadership: Personal Development and Career Success. Cengage Learning.
  • Robinson, K. (2011). Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative. Capstone Publishing Ltd.
  • Starko, A. J. (2018). Creativity in the Classroom: Schools of Curious Delight. Routledge.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity synthesized. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511509612
  • The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards: Guidance for Enhancing the Rigor of K-12 Civics, Economics, Geography, and History. (2013). NCSS. https://www.socialstudies.org/standards/c3
  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
  • Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
  • Wagner, T. (2008). The Global Achievement Gap: Why Even Our Best Schools Don’t Teach the New Survival Skills Our Children Need, and What We Can Do about It. New York: Basic Books.
  • Wegerif, R. (2013). Dialogic: Education for the Internet age. Routledge.
  • Woodward, J. (1992). Textboks, Technology, and the Public Schol Curicula: Identifying Emerging Isues and Trends in Technology for Special Education. ERIC, 568-574. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED350760.pdf
  • Yücel, A. G., Çiftçi, B., & Durmaz, A. (2022). Yaratıcı düşünmenin sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programından çıkarılması: Yenilikçi düşünme yeterli mi? Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(1), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1064873

Evaluation of Questions and Activities in 4th Grade Social Studies Textbook in the Context of 21st Century Skills

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 27, 27.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.53046/ijotem.1470706

Öz

This study aims to evaluate the Social Studies textbook used in 4th-grade primary education during the 2022-2023 academic year in the context of 21st-century skills. Utilizing qualitative research methods, specifically document analysis, the data analysis process was conducted using content analysis technique. Throughout this process, it was identified through coding and categorizing how questions and activities in the textbook were tailored towards various 21st-century skills. The analysis results reveal that out of a total of 128 questions in the book, 113 target critical thinking, 8 target communication, and 7 target creativity skills. This indicates that the questions in the book do not adequately focus on collaboration, communication, and creativity skills. Moreover, of the total 51 activities in the book, 24 are designed for critical thinking, 3 for collaboration, 12 for communication, and 12 for creativity skills. Overall, these findings suggest that the Social Studies textbook has significant gaps in adequately and equally encompassing 21st-century skills, particularly in the areas of collaboration, communication, and creativity. The noticeably insufficient representation of the collaboration skill in the textbook hints at potential overlooked opportunities for development in this domain. In light of these findings, it is recommended that future textbooks provide equal and adequate emphasis on all 21st-century skills.

Kaynakça

  • Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Aschner, M. J. (1961). Asking questions to trigger thinking. NEA Journal, 50, 44-46.
  • Bailin, S. (2002). Critical thinking and science education. Science & Education, 11(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016042608621
  • Bawden, D. (2001). Information and digital literacies: A review of concepts. Journal of Documentation, 57(2), 218-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007083
  • Bazeley, P. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: Practical strategies. SAGE.
  • Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (Ninth edition). Pearson.
  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining Twenty-First Century Skills. P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.) içinde, Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. (ss. 17-66). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals (Handbook I: Cognitive domain). David McKay.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Brophy, J., & Alleman, J. (1991). A caveat: Curriculum integration isn’t always a good idea. Educational Leadership, 49, 2-7.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford university press.
  • Cochran-Smith, M., Feiman-Nemser, S., MacIntyre, J. D., & Demers, K. E. (Ed.). (2008). Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions in changing contexts (3. ed). Routledge.
  • Çelikkaya, T., & Kürümlüoğlu, M. (2019). 4. ve 5. sınıf yeni sosyal bilgiler programında kazandırılması hedeflenen ortak becerilere ilişkin kazanımların içeriğe yansıması. Uluslararası Ders Kitapları ve Eğitim Materyalleri Dergisi, 2(2), 166-186. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijotem/issue/50671/620565
  • Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. J. Bellance, & R. Brandt (Eds.) içinde, 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 51-76). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
  • Definition and Selection of Competencies. (2005). OECD. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/definition-selection-key-competencies-summary.pdf
  • Demir, A. Y., & Özyurt, M. (2021). Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programı ve Ders Kitaplarının 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Bağlamında İncelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 1254-1290. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.867905
  • Düzgüner, T. T., Karabulut, H., & Kariper, A. (2022). 21. Yüzyıl becerileri ile ilgili yapılmış olan çalışmaların incelenmesi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 179-199. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kusbd/issue/68301/986758
  • Elias, M. J., Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Frey, K. S., Greenberg, M. T., Haynes, N. M., ... & Shriver, T. P. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. ASCD.
  • Halpern, D. F. (2003). Thought & Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hayırsever, F., & Kısakürek, M. A. (2014). Evaluation of social studies textbook in terms of the aimed skills to be acquired by students according to the primary school curriculum. Uluslararası Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(8), 23-42.
  • Hunkins, F. P. (1972). Questioning strategies and techniques. Allyn and Bacon.
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational Researcher, 38(5), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09339057
  • Larson, B. E. (2011). Instructional strategies for middle and secondary social studies: Methods, assessment, and classroom management (1. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203829899
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2018). Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programı. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/201812103847686-SOSYAL%20BİLGİLER%20ÖĞRETİM%20PROGRAMI%20.pdf
  • National Research Council (2011). Assessing 21st century skills. The National Academies Press.
  • Niu, W., & Liu, D. (2009). Enhancing creativity: A comparison between effects of an indicative instruction “to be creative” and a more elaborate heuristic instruction on Chinese student creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 3(2), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013660
  • Nur, L. (2020). Analyzing Elementary School Student Cooperative Skill through Outbound Activity. TEGAR Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School, 4, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v4i1.28363.
  • Oztop, P., & Gummerum, M. (2020). Group creativity in children and adolescents. Cognitive Development, 56, 100923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100923.
  • P21 Framework Definitions. (2015). The partnership for 21st century learning (P21). https://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21_Framework_Definitions_New_Logo_2015_9pgs.pdf
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. SAGE.
  • Paul, R. W., & Elder, L. (2007). A guide for educators to critical thinking competency standards: Standards, principles, performance indicators, and outcomes; with a critical thinking master rubric. Foundation for Critical Thinking.
  • Pellegrino, J. W., & Hilton, M. L. (Eds.) (2012). Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century. National Research Council of the National Academes. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Ricketts, K. G., & Ricketts, J. C. (2010). Leadership: Personal Development and Career Success. Cengage Learning.
  • Robinson, K. (2011). Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative. Capstone Publishing Ltd.
  • Starko, A. J. (2018). Creativity in the Classroom: Schools of Curious Delight. Routledge.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity synthesized. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511509612
  • The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards: Guidance for Enhancing the Rigor of K-12 Civics, Economics, Geography, and History. (2013). NCSS. https://www.socialstudies.org/standards/c3
  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
  • Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
  • Wagner, T. (2008). The Global Achievement Gap: Why Even Our Best Schools Don’t Teach the New Survival Skills Our Children Need, and What We Can Do about It. New York: Basic Books.
  • Wegerif, R. (2013). Dialogic: Education for the Internet age. Routledge.
  • Woodward, J. (1992). Textboks, Technology, and the Public Schol Curicula: Identifying Emerging Isues and Trends in Technology for Special Education. ERIC, 568-574. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED350760.pdf
  • Yücel, A. G., Çiftçi, B., & Durmaz, A. (2022). Yaratıcı düşünmenin sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programından çıkarılması: Yenilikçi düşünme yeterli mi? Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(1), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1064873
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Eğitimi (Ekonomi, İşletme ve Yönetim Hariç)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ogün Çakır 0000-0003-4423-4821

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakır, O. (2024). İlkokul 4. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitabındaki Soru ve Etkinliklerin 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Ders Kitapları Ve Eğitim Materyalleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.53046/ijotem.1470706

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