Silahlardan Siyasete: Kolombiya-FARC Çatışma Çözüm Stratejileri ve Barış Süreci

Öz

Bu çalışma, Latin Amerika’nın en uzun süreli iç çatışmalarından biri olan Kolombiya Devlet Güçleri ile Kolombiya Devrimci Silahlı Güçleri Halk Ordusu (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia- Ejército del Pueblo-FARC-EP) arasındaki çatışmanın kökenlerini, çözüm stratejilerini ve barış sürecini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Temeli 1950’lerdeki La Violencia olarak adlandırılan iç savaş dönemine dayanan çatışmalar, 1964’ten 2016’daki nihai anlaşmaya kadar sürmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında; 1982-1986 Belisario Betancur dönemi başarısız müzakere deneyimi ile 2012-2016 Juan Manuel Santos dönemi başarılı barış süreci tarihsel ve karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle ele alınmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; sürdürülebilir bir barış için silahsızlanmanın yanı sıra mağdurların sürece katılımı, toplumsal temsilin genişletilmesi, geçiş dönemi adaletin tesisi ve etkin entegrasyon süreçlerinin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kolombiya-FARC çatışması üzerinden geliştirilen yapısal yol haritasının, benzer devlet içi çatışmaların çözümü için barış çalışmaları literatürüne katkı sunması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kolombiya
• FARC
• Barış Süreçleri
• Çatışma Çözümü
• Devlet içi Çatışma

From Arms to Politics: Conflict Resolution Strategies and the Peace Process in the Colombia-FARC Conflict

Öz

This study aims to analyze the origins, conflict resolution strategies, and the peace process of conflict between Colombian State Forces and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia Ejército del Pueblo-FARC-EP) which constitutes one of the longest-running internal conflicts in Latin America. The conflict rooted in civil war period known as La Violencia in the 1950’s, persisted from 1964 until final peace agreement in 2016. Within the scope of the study, the failed negotiation experience during the Belisario Betancur period (1982-1986) and the successful peace process of the Juan Manuel Santos period (2012-2016) are examined from historical and comparative perspective. The analysis reveals that, beyond disarmament, the achievement of sustainable peace necessitates the participation of victims in the process, the expansion of social representation, the establishment of transitional justice, and effective reintegration mechanisms. The structural roadmap developed through the Colombia-FARC conflict aims to contribute to peace studies literature by providing a framework for the resolution of similar intrastate conflicts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Colombia
• FARC
• Peace Process
• Conflict Resolution
• Intrastate Conflict

Kaynakça

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