Arktik Konseyi ve Türkiye’nin Unutulan Arktik Konseyi Gözlemci Üyelik Başvurusu: İsviçre Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1 (Arktik Özel Sayısı), 302 - 335, 19.04.2021

Onur Limon

Öz

Arktika Konseyi, paylaşılan ve iş birliği yapılan bir Arktika’nın yaratılmasına yönelik önemli bir girişimdir. Bu girişim, 1980’li yılların sonlarından itibaren Arktika’nın uluslararası bir bölge olarak tanımlanmasıyla başlamıştır. Bu makale; Arktika Konseyi’nin geçmişten günümüze yapısını incelemekte ve Türkiye’nin Arktika Konseyi’ne gözlemci üyelik statüsü için yapmış olduğu başvurunun neden kabul edilmediğini ve nasıl kabul edilebileceğini İsviçre örneği üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin iki temel hipotezi bulunmaktadır. Birincisi; Arktika Konseyi’nin kuruluşundan günümüze yapısının değiştiği, iklim değişikliği, çevre koruma, bölgesel jeopolitik istikrar gibi konulara değinmesi açısından küresel ölçekte önemli ancak bir forumdan daha fazlası olmadığıdır. İkincisi; İsviçre’nin Arktika Konseyi gözlemci üyelik statüsünün, Türkiye için örnek teşkil edebileceğidir. Arktika Konseyi ile ilgili olarak mevcut akademik literatür, özellikle Arktika Konseyi’nin yapısına odaklanmaktadır. Ancak şaşırtıcı bir şekilde kuruluşundan günümüze Arktika Konseyi’nin gelişimi ve gözlemci üyelik statüsüne ilişkin hususlar yeteri kadar çalışılmamıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin Arktika Konseyi’ne gözlemci üyelik başvurusu ve Türkiye ile birlikte 2015 yılında Arktika Konseyi gözlemci üyeliği için başvuru yapan İsviçre’nin iki yıl sonra neden üyeliğe kabul edildiği incelenmemiştir. Bu makale aynı zamanda bu eksiklikleri gidermeyi hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arktika Konseyi, Gözlemci Statüsü, İsviçre,, Türkiye., Arktik, Arktik Konseyi

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın gelişmesine, getirdiği öneri ve düzeltmelerle daha yetkin bir hale gelmesinde önemli katkı sağlayan Prof.Dr. Hasan Berke Dilan’a ve İsviçre örneği fikrini veren Prof.Dr. Heather Exner-Pirot’a çok teşekkür ederim.

Arctic Council and Turkey's Forgotten Arctic Council Observer Membership Application: Swiss Example

Öz

The Arctic Council is an important initiative towards the creation of a shared and collaborative Arctic. This initiative began in the late 1980s with the identification of the Arctic as an international region. This article examines the structure of the Arctic Council from past to present and aims to examine the Swiss example of why Turkey’s application for observer membership status to the Arctic Council was not accepted and how it could be accepted. The article has two main hypotheses. The first is that the structure of the Arctic Council has changed since its establishment, and it is important on a global scale in terms of addressing issues such as climate change, environmental protection, regional geopolitical stability, but it is no more than a forum. The second is that Switzerland’s observer membership status in the Arctic Council, it can be an example for Turkey. Concerning the Arctic Council, the current academic literature focuses specifically on the structure of the Arctic Council, and the criteria it sets for observer membership status. But surprisingly, from its foundation to the present day, considerations on the development of the Arctic Council and its observer membership status have not been sufficiently studied enough. Besides, Turkey’s application for observer membership to the Arctic Council and why Switzerland, which along with Turkey applied for observer membership to the Arctic Council in 2015, was admitted to membership two years later has not been studied. This article also aims to address these deficiencies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arctic, the Arctic Council, Observer Member Status, Switzerland, Turkey

Kaynakça

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• Prof.Dr. Heather Exner-Pirot ile elektronik posta yoluyla yapılan görüşme, 22 Nisan 2019.