Environmental Degradation, Strategy and Competition in the Arctic Region: An Assessment in the Context of Environmental Security

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1 (Arktik Özel Sayısı), 180 - 217, 19.04.2021

İsmail Utku Cantürk Senem Atvur

Öz

Facing the rapid environmental destruction caused by the global environmental crisis, the Arctic has been exposed to structural changes throughout 21st century. Caused by global climate change, the gradual decrease in permanent glacial layer is opening the doors for a future that will transform the Arctic into a hub for overseas transportation whilst relatively facilitating the access to hydrocarbon reserves in the region. In an effort to evaluate the opportunities in the changing regional geopolitics in the form of national interests, Arctic actors have engaged in a regional competition. Such competition is deepening the environmental degradation in the Arctic region; due to the deterioration of the Arctic environment the global environmental crisis becomes even more devastating. This work explains the environmental degradation in the Arctic and the competition over region’s potential hydrocarbon resources and maritime trade routes through the four prominent Arctic actors, which are USA, Canada, Russia and China; the work aims to reveal the effects of this competition over regional and global environmental security.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arctic, Hydrocarbon Reserves, Trade Routes, Climate Change

Arktik Bölgede Çevresel Bozulma, Strateji ve Rekabet: Çevresel Güvenlik Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Küresel çevre krizinin yıkıcı etkileri sonucunda hızlı bir çevresel bozulmayla yüzleşen Arktik, 21. yüzyılda yapısal değişikliklere maruz kalmaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliği sonucu kalıcı buzul tabakasındaki kademeli azalma Arktik’i denizaşırı taşımacılık için bir merkez haline getirecek bir geleceğin kapılarını aralarken, bölgedeki hidrokarbon rezervlerine ulaşımı da nispeten kolaylaştırmaktadır. Değişen bölge jeopolitiğindeki fırsatları ulusal çıkarları çerçevesinde değerlendirmek isteyen Arktik aktörleri bölgesel bir rekabete girmektedir. Bu rekabet Arktik bölgedeki çevresel bozulmayı derinleştirmektedir; Arktik çevresinin bozulması ise küresel çevre krizini daha da yıkıcı hale getirmektedir. Arktik’teki çevresel bozulmayı açıklayıp potansiyel hidrokarbon rezervleri ve ticaret yolları üzerindeki rekabeti öne çıkan dört Arktik aktörü olan ABD, Kanada, Rusya ve Çin üzerinden ele alan bu çalışma, söz konusu rekabetin bölgesel ve küresel çapta çevresel güvenliğe etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arktik, Hidrokarbon Rezervleri, Ticaret Yolları, İklim Değişikliği

Kaynakça

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