Dijital Yorgunluk Ölçeği (DİYÖ): Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 67, 56 - 74, 25.07.2024

Hasan Tutar , Hakan Tahiri Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1426571

Cited By: 1

Öz

Dijital yorgunluk, fiziksel, psikolojik ve zihinsel yorgunluk ve kişiler arası ilişkiler de dahil olmak üzere insanların yaşamlarını olumsuz etkileyen bilgi çağına özgü bir yorgunluk biçimidir. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen Dijital Yorgunluk Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması, dijital teknolojiyi yoğun olarak kullananların dijital yorgunluk algılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde, dijital yorgunluğun ortak temalarını, dijital yorgunluğa neden olan faktörleri ve ilişkili sonuçları belirlemek için literatürün sistematik ve derinlemesine incelemesi yapılmış ve katılımcılarla görüşmeler yapılarak madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra dijital yorgunluğun altında yatan boyutları belirlemek amacıyla keşfedici faktör analizi yapılarak, birbiriyle örtüşen maddelerin çıkarılmasıyla ölçeğin iyileştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Faktör Analizi; Dijital Bağımlılık, psikolojik yorgunluk, Fiziksel-Zihinsel Yorgunluk ve Psikosomatik Sorunlar gibi dijital yorgunluğun farklı yönlerini temsil eden dört faktörden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra belirlenen faktör yapısının istikrarını değerlendirmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılığını değerlendirmek için Cronbach's alpha güvenilirlik analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler ölçeğin Cronbach alfa katsayısının yüksek iç tutarlılığa (0,957) sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçek skorları geliştirilen ölçeğin araştırmacılar ve uygulayıcılar için dijital yorgunluğu ölçmek için güvenilir ve geçerliliği yüksek bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Yorgunluk, Dijital Bağımlılık, Psikolojik Yorgunluk, Fiziksel ve Zihinsel Yorgunluk, Psikosomatik Sorunlar

Etik Beyan

Etik rapor gerekmemektedir

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

122G157

Teşekkür

Desteklerinden dolayı TÜBİTAK'a teşekkür ederiz

Digital Fatigue Scale (DFS): A Validity and Reliability Study

Öz

Digital fatigue is a form of fatigue specific to the information age that negatively affects people's lives, including physical, psychological, and mental fatigue and interpersonal relationships. The Digital Fatigue Scale: Validity and Reliability Study developed in this study aimed to evaluate the digital fatigue perceptions of those who use digital technology extensively. During the scale development process, a systematic and in-depth literature review was conducted to identify common themes of digital fatigue, factors that cause digital fatigue, and related consequences, and an item pool was created by interviews with participants. Then, exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the underlying dimensions of digital fatigue, and the scale was improved by removing overlapping items. Factor Analysis: It has been found that Digital Addiction consists of four factors representing different aspects of digital fatigue, such as psychological fatigue, Physical-Mental Fatigue, and Psychosomatic Problems. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then performed to evaluate the stability of the determined factor structure. Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis assessed the scale's internal consistency. Analyzes showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale had high internal consistency (0.957). Scale scores indicate that the developed scale is reliable and valid for researchers and practitioners to measure digital fatigue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Fatigue, Digital Addiction, Pressure to Stay Online, Physical and Mental Fatigue, Psychosomatic Problems

Proje Numarası

122G157

Kaynakça

• Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L., & Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v14i1.9554
• Ahsan, S., Rasheed, A., & Zonash, R. (2019). Impact of internet gaming disorder on self-efficacy and self-doubt among university students. Pakistan Journal of Physiology, 15(4), 38-41.
• Aksu, G., Eser, M. T., & Güzeller, C. O. (2016). Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulamaları. Detay Yayıncılık.
• Alimoradi, Z., Lin, C. Y., Broström, A., Bülow, P. H., Bajalan, Z., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2019). Internet addiction and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews, 47, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.06.004
• Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M., & Song, L. (2022). Digital addiction. American Economic Review, 112(7), 2424-2463. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210867
• Almourad, M. B., McAlaney, J., Skinner, T., Pleya, M., & Ali, R. (2020). Defining digital addiction: Key features from the literature. Psihologija, 53(3), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI191029017A
• Alonso, F., Esteban, C., Useche, S. A., & López de Cózar, E. (2016). Prevalence of physical and mental fatigue symptoms on Spanish drivers and its incidence on driving safety. Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience, 1(2), 10-18.
• Al-Samarraie, H., Bello, K. A., Alzahrani, A. I., Smith, A. P., & Emele, C. (2021). Young users social media addiction: Causes, consequences and preventions. Information Technology & People, 35(7), 2314-2343. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-11-2020-0753
• Alt, D. (2015). College students academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057
• Arantes do Amaral, J. A., Meister, I. P., & Gamez, L. (2023). A systemic analysis of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the studies of brazilian graduate students: An exploratory study. Anatolian Journal of Education, 8(1), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2023.8112a
• Aulia, T. N., & Asbari, M. (2023). Bahaya digital fatigue pada kesehatan mental: Analisis singkat perspektif Rhenald Kasali. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 1(01), 30-33.
• Baş, M., Balaman, F., & Balcı, S. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin teknoloji destekli öğrenme ortamında teknostres düzeyleri ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (87), 451-470. https://doi.org/10.17753/Ekev2044
• Bilkay, S. (2021). A research on nomophobia levels of civil aviation employees. An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Management of Organizations, 81.
• Bulut, A., Şengül, H., & Akbal, S. (2023). Sağlık profesyonelleri için teknostres yaratıcıları ölçeği Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. JAREN/Hemşirelik Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.55646/jaren.2023.03880
• Chundawat, D. S., Yadav, K. C., Mudgal, S. K., Yadav, Y., Gaur, R., & Malhotra, V. (2022). A study on psychosomatic problems related to the problematic Internet use among adolescents at selected schools of aspur block, Dungarpur, Rajasthan. Mymensingh Med. J, 31, 539-546.
• Coşkun, A., & Mutlu H. T. (2017), Investigating high school students' use of extramural english: A scale development study. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 571-590.
• Çoklar, A. N., Efilti, E., & Sahin, L. (2017). Defining teachers’ technostress levels: A scale development. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(21), 28-41.
• Dong, H. Y., Feng, J. Y., Wang, B., Shan, L., & Jia, F. Y. (2021). Screen time and autism: Current situation and risk factors for screen time among pre-school children with ASD. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 675902. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675902
• Dresp-Langley, B., & Hutt, A. (2022). Digital addiction and sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116910
• Evci, V. Y. (2022). An evaluation on the problem of digital addiction in youth. Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 5(1), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1092958
• Febreza, F., & Junaidi, J. (2022). Fenomena "digital fatigue" Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Padang. Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 1(3), 315-326. https://doi.org/10.24036/nara.v1i3.73
• Hagquist, C. (2016). Family residency and psychosomatic problems among adolescents in Sweden: The impact of child-parent relations. Scandinavian journal of public health, 44(1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494815610664
• Hawi, N. S., Samaha, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). The digital addiction scale for children: development and validation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(12), 771-778. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0132
• Hodkinson, C. (2019). Fear of missing out (FOMO) marketing appeals: A conceptual model. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25(1), 65-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1234504
• Ipek, Ö. F., & Mutlu, H. T. (2022). English outside the classroom in the age of technology: A concurrent triangulation mixed method study. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 9(1), 104-122. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1327761.pdf
• Jeon, S. J., & Choi, J. K. (2019). The analysis of the major accidents caused by fatigue of pilot with TEM. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 9(12), 157-165.
• Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Asil Yayınları.
• Kar, G., & Hedge, A. (2020). Effects of a sit-stand-walk intervention on musculoskeletal discomfort, productivity, and perceived physical and mental fatigue, for computer-based work. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 78, 102983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2020.102983
• Karagöz, Y., Mutlu, H.T., Sağır, S., & Celil, M. (2019), Kargo şirketi seçimini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesine yönelik ölçek geliştirilmesi: Sivas örneği. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 15(2), 235-247.
• Khodabakhsh, S., Ramasamy, S., Teng, T. Y., & Leng, C. S. (2021). Impact of internet addiction on health anxiety in Malaysian youth during COVID-19 pandemic. Malaysian Journal of Medical Research (MJMR), 5(2), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2021.v05i02.003
• Koleva, P., & Berbenkova, M. (2021). Reconnect: Incubating cultural offers for the digital audiences. L'architettura delle città. The Journal of the Scientific Society Ludovico Quaroni, 15(19), 23-40.
• Larm, P., Raninen, J., Åslund, C., Svensson, J., & Nilsson, K. W. (2019). The increased trend of non-drinking alcohol among adolescents: What role do Internet activities have?. European Journal of Public Health, 29(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky168
• Lee, H., Seo, Y., Kim, J., Song, H. Y., Park, J., & Yang, Y. (2023). The impact of Long COVID, work stress related to infectious diseases, fatigue, and coping on burnout among care providers in nursing home: A cross-sectional correlation study. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing, 25(3), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2023.00045
• Li, S. H., Lloyd, A. R., & Graham, B. M. (2020). Physical and mental fatigue across the menstrual cycle in women with and without generalised anxiety disorder. Hormones and Behavior, 118, 104667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104667
• Lönnfjord, V., & Hagquist, C. (2021). The association of self-reported schoolwork pressure, family factors and self-efficacy with psychosomatic problems. European Journal of Social Work, 24(4), 603-616. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2020.1722944
• Melodia, F., Canale, N., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The role of avoidance coping and escape motives in problematic online gaming: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00422-w
• Milyavskaya, M., Saffran, M., Hope, N., & Koestner, R. (2018). Fear of missing out: Prevalence, dynamics, and consequences of experiencing FOMO. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 725-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9683-5
• Mu, D., Wang, J., Li, F., Hu, W., & Chen, R. (2023). Enhancing wearable motion monitoring devices: A multi-level attention fusion approach for reliable fatigue assessment. Reserach Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3457754/v1
• Mujeeb, A., & Zubair, A. (2021). Role of mental and physical fatigue in cognitive failures among employees of pharmaceutical companies. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 15.
• Nygren, K., & Hagquist, C. (2019). Self-reported school demands and psychosomatic problems among adolescents-changes in the association between 1988 and 2011. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817725687
• Patidar, A., & Chaturvedi, J. N. (2019). Introduction of structured oral examination in formative assessment of pharmacology for 2nd professional MBBS students. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 8(2), 253-259. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190143
• Pinarello, C., Elmers, J., Inojosa, H., Beste, C., & Ziemssen, T. (2023). Management of multiple sclerosis fatigue in the digital age: From assessment to treatment. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1231321
• Poulain, T., Peschel, T., Vogel, M., Jurkutat, A., & Kiess, W. (2018). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of screen time and physical activity with school performance at different types of secondary school. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5489-3
• Russell, S., Jenkins, D., Rynne, S., Halson, S. L., & Kelly, V. (2019). What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff. European Journal Of Sport Science, 19(10), 1367-1376 https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1618397
• Sarangal, R. K., & Nargotra, M. (2022). Digital fatigue among students in current COVID-19 pandemic: A study of higher education. Gurukul Business Review, 18(64), P63-P71. https://doi.org/10.48205/gbr.v18.5
• Sen, P., Deb, P., & Kumar, N. (2021). The challenges of work from home for organizational design. California Management Review Insights.
• Sharma, M. K., Sunil, S., Anand, N., Amudhan, S., & Ganjekar, S. (2021). Webinar fatigue: Fallout of COVID-19. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 96, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00069-y
• Sharma, S. (2023). Remote Learning: Understanding perspectives of students and teachers for developing novel pedagogies. International Journal of High School Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.36838/v5i2.20
• Singha, S., Singha, R., Thomas, L., & Rema, M. K. (2023). Revitalizing language acquisition journey: A multidisciplinary approach to combat burnout. In Perspectives on Digital Burnout in Second Language Acquisition (pp. 222-247). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-9246-8.ch010
• Soinangun, B., Novendri, I., Matsana, J., Gunawan, F. E., Asrol, M., & Redi, A. P. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological fatigue of control room operators in oil, gas and petrochemical industry. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 8(4), 393-407 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHFE.2021.119052
• Steege, L. M., Drake, D. A., Olivas, M., & Mazza, G. (2015). Evaluation of physically and mentally fatiguing tasks and sources of fatigue as reported by registered nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(2), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12112
• Tanaka, M., Ishii, A., & Watanabe, Y. (2016a). Neural effect of physical fatigue on mental fatigue: A magnetoencephalography study. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 4(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2016.1167471
• Tanaka, M., Ishii, A., & Watanabe, Y. (2016b). Díaz-García, J., García-Calvo, T., López-Gajardo, M. A., Rubio-Morales, A., & Parraca, J. A. (2023). Physical fatigue exacerbates the negative effects of mental fatigue on soccer performance in practitioners. European Journal Of Human Movement, 50, 62-69. https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.7
• Tasdelen, A., & Özpınar, A. (2020). The impacts of mental and physical fatigue of employees on the perception level and the risk of accident. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 195-205.
• Tereshchenko, S., Kasparov, E., Smolnikova, M., Shubina, M., Gorbacheva, N., & Moskalenko, O. (2021). Internet addiction and sleep problems among russian adolescents: a field school-based study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910397
• Tong, R., Wang, X., Wang, L., & Hu, X. (2022). A dual perspective on work stress and its effect on unsafe behaviors: The mediating role of fatigue and the moderating role of safety climate. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 165, 929-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.04.018
• Topaloğlu, B., & Karahan, E. (2021). A case study of primary school students internet addiction. Journal of Hasan Ali Yücel Faculty of Education/Hasan Ali Yücel Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi (HAYEF), 18(3). https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2021.21030
• Tutar, H., & Erdem, A. T. (2020). Örnekleriyle bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve SPSS uygulamaları. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Tutar, H., Çat, A. K., & Serpil, H. (2021). A meta-synthesis study on the causes and results of digital addiction. Journal Of Addiction and Recovery, 4(1), 1-8.
• Türen, U., Erdem, H., & Kalkın, G. (2015). İş yerinde tekno-stres ölçeği: Havacılık ve bankacılık sektöründe bir araştırma. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 6(1), 1-19.
• Useche, S. A., Ortiz, V. G., & Cendales, B. E. (2017). Stress-related psychosocial factors at work, fatigue, and risky driving behavior in bus rapid transport (BRT) drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 104, 106-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.04.023
• Vaes, A. W., Goërtz, Y. M., Van Herck, M., Beijers, R. J., Van Beers, M., Burtin, C., & Spruit, M. A. (2022). Physical and mental fatigue in people with non-communicable chronic diseases. Annals of Medicine, 54(1), 2521-2533. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2122553
• Von Gunten, C. D. (2015). Resource-depletion: Outcome of failed energy management or adaptive emotion? University of Missouri-Columbia.
• Vrijkotte, S., Meeusen, R., Vandervaeren, C., Buyse, L., Cutsem, J. V., Pattyn, N., & Roelands, B. (2018). Mental fatigue and physical and cognitive performance during a 2-bout exercise test. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 13(4), 510-516. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0797
• Wang, C. S., & Wang, Y. Z. (2023). Influence of distortion ratio on distortion-induced fatigue behavior of steel girder bridges. Thin-Walled Structures, 188, 110790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2023.110790
• Wang, C. S., Zhou, X. G., Wang, Y. Z., & Yang, M. Y. (2023). Digital fatigue test of flange-web welded details in guideway girders. In Life-Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems (pp.3935-3942). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003323020-483
• Wang, L., Zhang, N., Liu, Y., & Qian, Y. (2021). Psychological health intervention for children and adolescents during outbreak of novel coronavirus. Science & Technology Review, 25-33.
• Weeks, S. R., McAuliffe, C. L., DuRussel, D., & Pasquina, P. F. (2010). Physiological and psychological fatigue in extreme conditions: The military example. Pm&r, 2(5), 438-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.03.023
• Wiberg, M., & Wiberg, B. (2019). The screens of our time: on "time"-implications for screen time research. In Managing Screen Time in an Online Society (pp. 122-145). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8163-5.ch006 Wolniewicz, C. A., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). Problematic smartphone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Psychiatry Research, 262, 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.058
• Xinping, W., Taotao, C., & Linhui, S. (2020). Study on working improvement of coal mine workers under the influence of physical mental fatigue interaction. Industrial Engineering Journal, 23(4), 148.
• Yıldırım, E., Çalıcı, C., & Erdoğan, B. (2017). Psychological correlates of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization. International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 3(2), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.365829
• Zajac, K., Ginley, M. K., Chang, R., & Petry, N. M. (2017). Treatments for Internet gaming disorder and Internet addiction: A systematic review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(8), 979. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000315
• Zakir, M. H. (2020). Digital exhaustion: Navigating copyright and distribution challenges in the digital marketplace. Available at SSRN 4647119, 8(8).
• Zhan, Y., & Xue, W. (2022). Influence of swimming athletes sports psychological fatigue on sports performance. Revista de Psicología del Deporte. Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(2), 229-238.
• Zhang, Z., Jiménez, F. R., & Cicala, J. E. (2020). Fear of missing out scale: A self‐concept perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 37(11), 1619-1634. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21406