The Use Of Aromatherapy In Cancer Pain

Öz

Cancer ranks second among causes of death in the World. Cancer patients struggle with many problems caused by illness or treatment such as dyspnea, fatigue, nausea-vomiting, and pain. 30-50% of 32 million cancer patients in the world experience moderate and severe pain. Because of uncontrollable pain, patients are admitted to the hospital more often and hospitalized. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary and alternative applications that aim to help cancer patients to cope with the problems they experience due to illness or treatment. It is inexpensive and has less side effects. In the literature, it has been shown that aromatherapy application is one of the most common methods to relieve the symptoms seen in cancer patients. The aim of this literature review is to provide general information about aromatherapy, which is one of the non-pharmacological pain relief methods for individuals with cancer pain.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cancer
• pain
• aromatherapy
• cancer pain
• nursing

Kanser Ağrısında Aromaterapi Kullanımı

Öz

Kanser, birçok ülkede ölüm nedenleri arasında ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Kanser hastaları, hastalıktan veya tedaviden kaynaklı dispne, yorgunluk, bulantı-kusma ve ağrı gibi birçok sorunla mücadele etmektedir. Dünyada 32 milyon kanser hastasının %30-%50’si orta ve şiddetli düzeyde ağrı yaşamaktadır. Kontrol edilemeyen ağrı nedeniyle hastalar daha sık hastaneye başvurmakta ve hastane yatışı yapılmaktadır. Aromaterapi, kanser hastalarının hastalık veya tedavi nedeniyle yaşadıkları sorunlarla baş etmesini kolaylaştırmayı amaçlayan, yan etkileri az ve ucuz tamamlayıcı ve alternatif uygulamalardan biridir. Literatürde aromaterapi uygulamasının, kanser hastalarında görülen semptomların giderilmesinde en sık kullanılan tamamlayıcı ve alternatif uygulamalardan biri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı kanser ağrısı olan bireylerde nonfarmakolojik ağrı giderme yöntemlerinden biri olan aromaterapiyle ilgili literatür ışığında genel bir bilgilendirme sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanser
• Ağrı
• Aromaterapi
• Kanser ağrısı
• Hemşirelik

Kaynakça

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70 (1):7-30.
2. Madmoli M. Evaluation of chemotherapy complications in patients with cancer: A systematic review. Int J Res Stud Sci Eng Technol. 2018;5(12):59–64.
3. Henson LA, Maddocks M, Evans C, Higginson IJ, Davidson M, Hicks S. Palliative care and the management of common distressing symptoms in advanced cancer: Pain, breathlessness, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(9):905-14.
4. Greco MT, Roberto A, Corli O, Deandrea S, Bandieri E, Cavuto S, et al. Quality of cancer pain management: An update of a systematic review of undertreatment of patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(36):4149– 54.
5. Wiffen PJ, Wee B, Derry S, Bell RF, Moore RA. Opioids for cancer pain – An overview of cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7:CD012592.
6. Merskey H. and Bogduk, N. Classification of chronic pain: Description of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms. Prepared by the International Association for the study of Pain, Subcommittee on Taxonomy. 1986;3:1 226.
7. Garcia TR. Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem – CIPE® (Internet). Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2018. Available from: https:// books.google.com.tr/s?hl=tr&lr=&id=KaYzDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&p g=PP1&dq=Classificac%CC%A7a%CC%83o+Internacional+para +a+Pra%CC%81tica+de+Enfermagem+%E2%80%93+CIPE%C2% AE+&ots=9hg4WT6dlC&sig=BGe0VR_w4toaRkPA5jHAV10y9TI&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=Classificac%CC%A7a%CC%83o%20 Internacional%20para%20a%20Pra%CC%81tica%20de%20 Enfermagem%20%E2%80%93%20CIPE%C2%AE&f=false
8. Numico G, Cristofano A, Mozzicafreddo A, Cursio OE, Franco P, Courthod G, et al. Hospital admission of cancer patients: Avoidable practice or necessary care? PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0120827.

9. Van den Beuken-van Everdingen MH, Hochstenbach LM, Joosten EA, Tjan-Heijnen VC, Janssen DJ. Update on prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;51:1070-90.
10. Doyle KE, El Nakib SK, Rajagopal MR, Babu S, Joshi G, Kumarasamy V, et al. Predictors and prevalence of pain and its management in four regional cancer hospitals in India. J Glob Oncol. 2018;4:1-9.
11. Fallon M, Giusti R, Aielli F, Hoskin P, Rolke R, Sharma M, et al. Management of cancer pain in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(4):166–91.
12. Lopes-Júnior LC, Bomfim EO, Nascimento LC, Nunes MDR, Pereira-da-silva G, Lima RAG. Nonpharmacological interventions to manage fatigue and psychological stress in children and adolescents with cancer: An integrative review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2016;25(6):921-35.
13. Kuo YH, Tsaysh SH, Chang CC, Lia YC, Tung HH. Cancer impact, complementary/alternative medicine beliefs, and quality of life in cancer patients. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(3):276-81.
14. Rhee TG, Pawloski PA, Parsons HM. Health-related quality of life among US adults with cancer: Potential roles of complementary and alternative medicine for health promotion and well-being. Psychooncology. 2019;28(4):896-902.
15. Satija A, Bhatnagar S. Complementary therapies for symptom management in cancer patients. Indian J Palliat Care. 2017;23(4):468-79.
16. Solehati T, Kosasih CE, Kaprudin S. Effect of relaxation modification on pain of breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy: Pilot study. JAPER. 2020;10(3): 62-7.
17. Kemppainen LM, Kemppainen TT, Reippainen JA, Salmenniemi ST, Vuolanto PH. Use of complementary and alternative medicine in Europe: health-related and sociodemographic determinants. Scand J Public Health. 2018;46(4):448–55.
18. Katja JB, Arndt B, Thomas O. Aromatherapy as an adjuvant treatment in cancer care–a descriptive systematic review, EuJIM. 2012;4:129.
19. Baykal D, Comlekci C. Usage of aromatherapy in symptom management in cancer patients: A systematic review. IJCS. 2020;13(1):537-46.
20. Farahani MA, Afsargharehbagh R, Marandi F, Moradi M, Hashemi SM, Moghadamf MP, Balouchi A. Effect of aromatherapy on cancer complications: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2019;47:1-10.
21. Keyhanmehr AS, Kolouri S, Heydarirad G, Mofid B, Mosavat SH. Aromatherapy for the management of cancer complications: A narrative review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;1-18.
22. Moradi M, Khachian A, Behbahani FA, Saatchi K, Haghani H. The effect of aromatherapy by inhalation and massage on radiotherapy-induced fatigue in patients with cancer. JCCNC. 2020;6(2):79-86.
23. Teskereci G, Kulakaç Ö. Kanserde aromaterapi masajı: Sistematik literatür incelemesi. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2018;26(2):115-30.
24. Lee SH, Kim JY, Yeo S, Kim SH, Lim S. Meta-analysis of massage therapy on cancer pain. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015;14(4):297-304.
25. Ho SSM, Kwong ANL, Wan KWS, Ho RML, Chow KM. Experiences of aromatherapy massage among adult female cancer patients: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(23-24):4519–26.
26. Fellowes D, Barnes K, Wilkinson S. Aromatherapy and massage for symptom relief in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2004;(2):CD002287.
27. Gensic ME, Smith BR, Labarbera DM. The effects of effleurage hand massage on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing chemotherapy. JAAPA. 2017;30(2):36-8.
28. Chang SY. Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2008;38:493-502.
29. Khiewkhern S, Promthet S, Sukprasert A, Eunhpinitpong W, Bradshaw P. Effectiveness of aromatherapy with light thai massage for cellular immunity improve mentin colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3903–07.
30. Ovayolu O, Sevig U, Ovayolu N, Sevinc A. The effect of aromatherapy and massage administered in different ways to women with breast cancer on their symptoms and quality of life. Int J Nurs Pract. 2014;20(4):408-17.
31. Izgu N, Ozdemir L, Bugdayci Basal F. Effect of aromatherapy massage on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and fatigue in patients receiving oxaliplatin: An Open Label Quasi-Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Cancer Nurs. 2019;42(2):139-47.
32. Soden K, Vicent K, Craske S, Lucas C, Asheley S. A randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting. Palliat Med. 2004;18(2):87-92.
33. Wilcock A, Manderson C, Weller R, Walker G, Carr D, Carey AM, et al. Does aromatherapy massage benefit patients with cancer attending a specialist palliative care day centre? Palliat Med. 2004;18(4):287–90.
34. Clemo-Crosby AC, Day J, Stidston C, McGinley S, Powell RJ. Aromatherapy massage for breast cancer patients: A randomised controlled trial. J Nurs Womens Health. 2018.
35. Wilkinson SM, Love SB, Westcombe AM, Gambles MA, Burgess CC, Cargill A, et al. Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):532-9.
36. Ting-Hao C, Tao-Hsin T, Pei-Shih C, Shu-Hui W, Chuang-Min C, Nan-Hsing H, Ching-Chi C. The clinical effects of aromatherapy massage on reducing pain for the cancer patients: Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9147974.
37. Shin ES, Seo KH, Lee SH, et al. Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3(6):CD009873.
38. Boehm K, Büssing A, Ostermann T. Aromatherapy as an adjuvant treatment in cancer care–a descriptive systematic review. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2012;9(4):503–18.
39. Dalal S, Bruera E. End-of-life care matters: Palliative cancer care results in better care and lower costs. Oncologist. 2017;22(4):361-8.
40. Miller JA, Thompson PA, Hakim IA, Lopez AM, Thomson CA, Chew W, et al. Safety and feasibility of topical application of Limonene as a massage oil to the breast. J Cancer Ther. 2012 Oct;3(5A):10.4236.
41. Farrar AJ, Farrar FC. Clinical Aromatherapy. Nurs Clin North Am. 2020;55:489–504.
42. Singh P, Chaturvedi A. Complementary and alternative medicine in cancer pain management: A systematic review. Indian J Palliat Care. 2015;21(1):105.
43. 43.Buckle J. Clinical aromatherapy essential oils in healthcare (Internet).London: Elsevier. 2014;15-36p. Available from: https:// books.google.com.tr/s?hl=en&lr=&id=zODTBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&p g=PP1&dq=Clinical+aromatherapy+essential+oils+in+healthcare &ots=yqu03iSrRL&sig=1tN70RU_cM49qmt4yuiqKQpKxK4&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=Clinical%20aromatherapy%20essential%20 oils%20in%20healthcare&f=false
44. Ayçeman N. Doğanın şifalı dokunuşu: Aromaterapi. 1.Baskı. Konya: İnci Offset; 2008. p44.
45. Jibb LA, Nathan PC, Stevens BJ, Yohannes L, Stinson JN. Psychological and physical interventions for the management of cancer-related pain in pediatric and young adult patients: An integrative review. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015 Nov;42(6):E339-57.
46. Dyer J, Cleary L, Ragsdale‐Lowe M, McNeill S, Osland C. The use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: A retrospective audit. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20(4):203‐6.
47. Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D. The effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Res Treat. 2016;2016:8158693.
48. Ilter SM, Ovayolu Ö, Ovayolu N. The effect of inhaler aromatherapy on invasive pain, procedure adherence, vital signs, and saturation during port catheterization in oncology patients. Holıst Nurs Pract. May/June 2019;33(3):146-154.
49. Svoboda KP, Deans SG. A study of the variability of rosemary and sage and their volatile oils in British market: Their antioxidative properties. Flavour Fragr J. 1992;7(2):81-7.
50. Jakribettu RP, Boloor R, Bhat HP, Thaliath A, Haniadka R, Rai MP, Baliga MS. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oil. Research gate. 2016;447-454.
51. Bagetta G, Morrone LA, Rombola L, Amantea D, Russo R, Berliocchi L, et al. Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot. Fitoterapia. 2010;81(6):453-61.
52. Johnson JR, Rivard RL, Griffin KH, Kolste AK, Joswiak D, Kinney ME, et al. The effectiveness of nurse‐delivered aromatherapy in an acute care setting, Complement Ther Med. 2016;25:164‐9.
53. Ali B, Al‐Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601‐11.
54. Babashahi Kohanestani F, Ahmadi R. Memarian, The effect of Lavender aromatherapy program on the pain intensity of patients with AML undergoing chemotherapy. Nurs Midwifery J. 2013;11(3):180-6.
55. Özdemir H, Öztunç G. Hemşirelik uygulamalarında aromaterapi. Turkıye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2013;5(2):98-104.
56. Johnson M, Moorhead S, Bulechek G, Butcher H, Maas M, Swanson E. NOC and NIC linkages to NANDA-I and clinical condition (Internet). USA: Elsevier Mosby; 2011 Aprıl.p235-94. Available from: https://www. elsevier.com/books/noc-and-nic-linkages-to-nanda-i-and-clinical-conditions/unknown/978-0-323-07703-3
57. Khorshid L, Yapucu Ü. Tamamlayıcı tedavilerde hemşirenin rolü. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2005;8(2):124-30.
58. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2014, 27 Ekim). Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete. Erişim adresi: https://www. resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/10/20141027-3.htm
59. Smith MC, Kyle L. Ho lis tic fo un da ti ons of aromatherapy for nursing. Holist Nurs Pract 2008;22(1):3-9.