Chronic Disease Management in Disasters

Öz

Chronic diseases are one of the main causes of death all over the world. Disasters don’t only exacerbate chronic diseases, but they also contribute to the development of new ones. The most defenseless group in disasters are individuals with chronic diseases. The recent disasters in developed countries have demonstrated that taking precautions against disasters is very important for people with chronic diseases. It is known that individuals with chronic diseases face many difficulties due to disasters, and treating these individuals after disasters is a very challenging process. Nurses plan health education before, during, and after disasters and ensure the participation of the community in these trainings. They also support improving citizens’ awareness of health. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, have critical roles in the transportation and delivery of healthcare services to patients and their families in order to reduce the impact of disasters. Lack of access to medical services after a disaster is one of the major causes of death. The aim of this review is to find out the difficulties encountered during the provision of medical services for individuals with chronic diseases at every stage of disaster management, to reveal the solutions for these difficulties, and to identify effective strategies for chronic disease management. Such strategies can assist healthcare personnel in disaster preparedness and planning to design appropriate strategies to manage chronic diseases in disaster-affected populations, potentially improving health outcomes during and after disasters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster
• chronic diseases
• nursing.

Afetlerde Kronik Hastalık Yönetimi

Öz

Kronik hastalıklar dünya genelinde önde gelen ölüm nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Afetler, mevcut hastalıkları şiddetlendirmenin yanı sıra, yeni kronik hastalıkların gelişmesine de katkıda bulunmaktadır. Afet ortamlarında en savunmasız popülasyonlardan biri kronik hastalığı olan bireylerdir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde yaşanan son afetler, kronik hastalığı olan bireyler için afete hazırlık önlemlerinin önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin, afetler nedeniyle pek çok zorlukla karşılaştığı bilinmektedir ve afetlerden sonra bireylerin bakımı oldukça zorlu bir süreçtir. Afet öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında hemşireler, sağlık eğitimini planlar ve toplumun bu eğitimlere katılımını sağlarlar. Aynı zamanda sağlık bilincinin geliştirilmesine destek olurlar. Afetlerin etkisini azaltmak için, başta hemşireler olmak üzere sağlık hizmeti sunucuları, hastalara ve ailelerine sağlık hizmetinin ulaştırılması ve sunumunda kritik rollere sahiptir. Sağlık hizmetlerine erişim eksikliği, afetlerden sonra önde gelen ölüm nedenlerinden biridir. Bu derlemenin amacı, afet yönetiminin her aşamasında kronik hastalıkları olan bireylere yönelik, sağlık hizmeti sunumu sırasında karşılaşılan zorlukları ve bunların çözümleri ortaya çıkarmak, kronik hastalık yönetimi için etkili stratejiler belirlemektir. Bu tür stratejiler, afete hazırlık ve planlamada sağlık personeline, afetten etkilenen popülasyondaki kronik hastalıkları yönetmek için uygun stratejiler tasarlamasında yardımcı olabilir, afetler sırasında ve sonrasında sağlık sonuçlarını potansiyel olarak iyileştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• kronik hastalıklar
• hemşirelik.

Kaynakça

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