Epigenetik ve Gebelik

Öz

Gebelik dönemi embriyo ve fetüsün sağlıklı gelişimi için kritik bir zaman dilimidir ve çevresel etmenler bu süreci etkileyebilir. Son yıllarda, epigenetik mekanizmaların gebelik sürecindeki rolü üzerine giderek artan bir ilgi vardır. Epigenetik değişiklikler, gen ifadesindeki kalıtsal olmayan değişikliklerdir ve genetik materyalde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadan kalıcı etkiler yaratabilir. Gebelik sırasında, epigenetik mekanizmalar gen ifadesini etkileyerek hücre farklılaşması, organ gelişimi ve fetal programlama gibi süreçleri yönlendirir. Bu mekanizmaların nasıl etkileşim halinde olduğunu ve gebelik sürecindeki etkilerini daha iyi anlamak, gelecekte daha etkili gebelik takibi ve sağlıklı gebelik sonuçlarının elde edilmesi açısından önemlidir. Epigenetik araştırmaların ilerlemesiyle, gebelik dönemindeki epigenetik değişikliklerin anlaşılması ve takibi, sağlıklı gebelik sonuçlarının optimize edilmesinde önemli bir adım olabilir. Ebelerin güncel literatürü takip ederek kadın ve yenidoğan sağlığının yükseltilmesinde önemli rolü olan epigenetik mekanizmaları anlamaları ve ebelik bakımlarına entegre etmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, epigenetik mekanizmaların gebelik sürecindeki etkilerini incelemek ve epigenetik değişikliklerin nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını özetlemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Epigenetik
• gebelik
• genetik
• metilasyon

Epigenetics and Pregnancy

Öz

Pregnancy is a critical time for the healthy development of the embryo and fetus, and environmental factors may affect this process. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pregnancy process. Epigenetic changes are non-hereditary changes in gene expression and can produce lasting effects without any change in genetic material. During pregnancy, epigenetic mechanisms influence gene expression, directing processes such as cell differentiation, organ development, and fetal programming. A better understanding of how these mechanisms interact and their effects during pregnancy is important for more effective pregnancy follow-up and healthy pregnancy outcomes in the future. With the advancement of epigenetic research, understanding and monitoring epigenetic changes during pregnancy may be an important step in optimizing healthy pregnancy outcomes. Midwives should follow the current literature and understand the epigenetic mechanisms that have an important role in improving the health of women and newborns, and integrate them into midwifery care. The aim of this review is to examine the effects of epigenetic mechanisms during pregnancy, and to summarize the causes and consequences of epigenetic changes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Epigenetics
• pregnancy
• genetics
• methylation

Kaynakça

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