Environmental Pollutants-Endocrine Disturbers: Effects on Health and Nutrition from an Epigenetic Perspective

Öz

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), commonly referred to environmental pollutants, have been reported to adversely affect health through epigenetic mechanisms. EDCs are classified in various ways and are extensively used in cosmetics, industry, and agriculture. They can be found in drinking water, soil, and the air we breathe. EDCs can directly or indirectly cause epigenetic changes, which include DNA-level alterations, chromatin-level modifications and post-transcriptional epigenetic mechanisms. The interaction between environmental pollutants and nutrition is bidirectional. Epigenetic changes resulting from malnutrition and and exposure to environmental pollutants exhibit similarities. Diets high in energy density but low in essential nutrients may exacerbate exposure to environmental contaminants and negatively impact overall nutritional status. Conversely, a diet rich in bioactive nutrients, such as polyphenols and anti-inflammatory fatty acids, has the potential to mitigate the inflammatory and oxidative effects associated with pollutant exposure. This narrative review discusses the impact of endocrine- disrupting chemicals, also known as environmental pollutants, on human health and nutrition through various epigenetic mechanisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• endocrine disruptor
• epigenetics
• nutrition
• health
• environmental pollutants

Çevresel Kirleticiler-Endokrin Bozucular: Epigenetik Bakış Açısıyla Sağlık ve Beslenmeye Etkileri

Öz

Çevresel kirleticiler olarak da bilinen endokrin bozucu kimyasalların epigenetik mekanizmalar üzerinden sağlığı olumsuz etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Endokrin bozucu kimyasallar farklı şekillerde sınıflandırılmakta olup kozmetik, endüstri ve tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu maddelere içme sularından, topraktan ve solunan havadan bulaş olabilmektedir. Endokrin bozucu kimyasallar doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak epigenetik değişikliklere neden olur. DNA düzeyindeki modifikasyonlar, kromatin düzeyindeki modifikasyonlar ve posttranskripsiyonel epigenetik mekanizmalar arasında yer alır. Çevresel kirleticilerle beslenme etkileşimi iki yönlü olmaktadır. Yetersiz beslenme ve çevresel kirleticilerin neden olduğu epigenetik değişiklikler benzerdir. Yüksek enerji yoğunluğu ve düşük besin öğesi profiline sahip besinlerin çevresel kirletici maruziyetini şiddetlendirebileceği ve genel beslenme durumunu etkileyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Polifenoller ve antiinflamatuar yağ asitleri gibi biyoaktif besin bileşenlerini içeren besinlerden zengin bir diyet ise, kirletici maruziyetinin inflamatuar ve oksidatif özelliklerini azaltma kapasitesine sahiptir. Bu geleneksel derlemede, çevresel kirletici olarak da bilinen endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddelerin farklı epigenetik mekanizmalar aracılığı ile insan sağlığı ve beslenmesi üzerine etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• endokrin bozucu
• epigenetik
• beslenme
• sağlık
• çevresel kirleticiler

Kaynakça

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