Yeterli Suya Erişimin Beş Yaş Altı Ölüm Oranları Üzerinde Etkisi: Düşük ve Alt-Orta Gelir Grubu Ülkeler Üzerinde Bir Uygulama

Öz

Amaç: Su, insan sağlığı ve yaşamı için kritik bir bileşendir. Yetersiz erişim ve buna bağlı hijyen sorunları, özellikle çocuklar arasında hastalık ve ölüm oranlarını artırmaktadır. Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyi toplumun suya erişimi üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, düşük ve alt-orta gelirli ülkelerde içme ve kullanma suyuna erişimdeki yaygın sorunları incelemek ve bunların sağlık göstergeleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Dünya Bankası gelir grubu sınıflandırmasına göre düşük ve alt-orta gelirli ülkeler üzerinde yapılmış, bu grupta toplam 80 ülke bulunmasına rağmen, verilerine ulaşılabilen 24 ülke analize dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma panel veri analizi yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve 24 ülkenin 2000-2021 dönemine ait verileri Excel, Eviews ve Stata programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bağımsız değişkenler kırsal ve kentsel alanlarda içme suyu ve sanitasyon tesislerine erişim oranları, bağımlı değişken ise beş yaş altı ölüm oranıdır. Bu seçimin nedeni, ölüm oranının ülkelerin ekonomik durumu, gıda erişimi, temiz su mevcudiyeti ve sağlık altyapısı ile doğrudan ilişkili olmasıdır. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçları, kırsal alanlarda temel içme suyuna erişimdeki %1'lik bir artışın beş yaş altı ölüm oranlarını %0,07 oranında azaltabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sabun ve su dahil olmak üzere temel el yıkama olanaklarına erişimdeki %1'lik bir artış beş yaş altı ölümleri %0,24 oranında azaltabilirken, kentsel alanlarda yeterli içme suyuna erişimdeki %1'lik bir artışın bu oranı yalnızca %0,01 oranında azaltması beklenmektedir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın tüm sonuçları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, kırsal alanlardaki yetersiz altyapının iyileştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Devletin altyapıya ve koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerine yapacağı yatırımlar, sanitasyon hizmetlerine erişimi genişleterek hastalık ve ölüm oranlarını azaltabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuk sağlığı, gelişmekte olan ülkeler, hijyen, ölüm oranı, sanitasyon, su.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beş yaş altı ölüm
• Su
• OECD

The Impact of Adequate Access to Water on Under-Five Mortality Rates: An Application to Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Öz

Objective: Water is a critical component for human health and survival. Inadequate access to water and associated hygiene problems increase morbidity and mortality, especially among children. The level of development of a country significantly influences society's access to water. The aim of this research is to examine common problems in accessing drinking and potable water in low- and lower-middle-income countries and to assess their impact on health indicators. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on low- and lower-middle-income countries, as classified by the World Bank. Although there are a total of 80 countries in this group, only 24 countries with accessible data were included in the analysis. The research employed panel data analysis, examining data from these 24 countries over the period 2000-2021, using Excel, Eviews, and Stata software. The independent variables were access rates to drinking water and sanitation facilities in both rural and urban areas, while the dependent variable was the under-five mortality rate. The reason for this choice was that mortality is directly related to countries' economic status, food access, availability of clean water, and health infrastructure. Results: The analysis shows that a 1% increase in access to basic drinking water in rural areas can reduce under-five mortality rates by 0.07%. Furthermore, a 1% increase in access to basic handwashing facilities, including soap and water, could reduce under-five mortality by 0.24%, while a 1% increase in access to adequate drinking water in urban areas is expected to reduce it by only 0.01%. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it is important to improve the inadequate infrastructure in rural areas. Government investment in infrastructure and preventive health services can reduce morbidity and mortality by expanding access to sanitation services. Keywords: Child health, developing countries, hygiene, mortality, sanitation, water.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Under-five mortality
• Water
• OECD

Kaynakça

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