Multipl Skleroz Hastalarında Yeti Yitimi ve Umutsuzluğun Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Multipl skleroz (MS), kronik ve ilerleyici nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Özellikle hastalar yeti yitiminin neden olduğu beden imajında bozulma, sosyal destekte yetersizlik, tedavilerin uzun sürmesi, aktivite sınırlılıkları, başkasının bakımına bağımlı olma gibi nedenlerle sıklıkla umutsuzluk yaşamaktadırlar. Bu araştırma, MS tanısı alan bireylerin yeti yitimi ve umutsuzluk durumunu değerlendirmek ve sosyo-demografik değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlenmek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikte yapılan araştırma 96 MS hastasıyla gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, 01 Eylül- 30 Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında sosyo-demografik özellikleri içeren “Hasta Tanıtım Formu”, “Kısa Yeti Yitimi Anketi (KYA)” ve “Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ)” kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin normallik testi için Kolmogrow-Smirnov testi yapıldı, normal dağılım göstermeyen verilerde Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri, normal dağılımlarda ise tek yönlü ANOVA, Independent-Samples t testi, gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesinde düzeltilmiş Bonferroni testi uygulandı Bulgular: Araştırmamızda KYA (9,64±6.67) ve BUÖ (9,32±2,23) aralarındaki ilişki negatif yönde anlamlı bulundu (r=-0,28, p=0,004, p<0,01). KYA puan ortalaması ile yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, çocuk sahibi olma, çalışma durumu, tanı yılı, atak geçirme sayısı, başka kronik hastalık varlığı gibi değişkenlerle arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0,05). BUÖ puan ortalaması ile ise çalışma durumu (p<0,05) dışında diğer değişkenler arasında ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, yeti yitiminin MS hastalarında önemli bir sorun oluşturduğu ve bu durum hastaların umutsuzluk yaşamasına neden olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multiple Skleroz (MS)
• yeti yitimi
• umutsuzluk
• hemşirelik

Evaluation of Disability and Hopelessness in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Öz

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and irreversible neurological disease. MS patients often experience hopelessness, especially for reasons such as impaired body image caused by disability, inadequate social support, prolonged treatments, activity limitations, and dependence on someone else’s care. This study was conducted to evaluate the disability and hopelessness of individuals diagnosed with MS and to determine the relationship between socio-demographic variables. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 96 MS patients. The data were collected between September 1 and December 30, 2019 using a Patient Information Form that included socio-demographic characteristics, the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, and independent samples t-test were used in the evaluation of the data; corrected Bonferroni test was used to determine the differences between the groups. Results: The mean score of BDQ was 9.64±6.67, and BHS was 9.32±2.23. Moreover, a negative correlation was detected between the scores of BDQ and BHS (r=-0.28; p<0.01). There is a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of BDQ and variables such as age, gender, education, had children, employment status, year of diagnosis, number of attacks, and the presence of other chronic diseases (p<0.05). There is no statistically significant relationship between the mean score of BHS and other variables, except the working status (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that disability poses an important problem in MS patients, and this causes patients to experience hopelessness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• disability
• hopelessness
• nursing

Kaynakça

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