Nutritional Solutions Against Disability Problems Affecting Nutritional Status in Old Age

Öz

Aging is a universal process seen in every living being and causes decrease in all functions. Older population is increasing rapidly around the world; one of every 6 people is predicted to be 65 years and older by 2050. Aging, being a physiological process, is a period that reduces/ limits the activity level and functionality of individuals and may make them socially, physically and emotionally dependent to different degrees. Changes are observed in physiological, psychological, cognitive and social areas as age progresses. While cognitive and functional capacity decreases, number of chronic diseases may increase. It is important to maintain and improve nutritional status in the prevention, delay and treatment of aging related diseases. Nutritional solutions applied against problems affecting nutritional status of older adults are efficient in improving the nutritional status, and they should be increased and disseminated. Nutritional service practices for older adults have the potential to reduce food insecurity in old age, reduce the possibility of various disability conditions which may affect nutritional status negatively, and enrich social life. In this context, there are smart devices and technologies that support daily living activities, mobile applications such as ShopWell, Nutrihealth, MyPlate, PlateJoy, and food delivery applications such as SmoothFood, Meals on Wheels in the literature. Disability and injuries may be prevented thanks to the technological devices that assist nutrition, it may be ensured that older adults can continue their active lives in a healthy way and improve their nutritional status with nutritional service applications providing social support. In this regard, there are more diverse those applications abroad than in Turkey. In our country, it is recommended to increase the variety of nutrition service applications for older adults and to monitor the results of applications. In this article, nutritional solutions for disability problems affecting nutritional status in old age were reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Older adults
• disability
• nutritional solutions
• nutrition service practices
• Technology

Yaşlılıkta Beslenme Durumunu Etkileyen Engellilik Sorunlarına Karşı Uygulanan Beslenme Çözümleri

Öz

Yaşlanma her canlıda görülen, tüm işlevlerde azalmaya sebep olan, evrensel bir süreçtir. Dünya genelinde yaşlı nüfusun hızla arttığı görülmekte ve 2050 yılında her 6 kişiden birinin 65 yaş ve üzerinde olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Fizyolojik bir süreç olan yaşlılık, bireylerin aktivite düzeyini ve işlevselliğini azaltan/sınırlayan, onları sosyal, fiziksel ve duygusal olarak farklı derecelerde bağımlı kılabilen bir dönemdir. Yaşın ilerlemesiyle fizyolojik, psikolojik, bilişsel, sosyal alanlarda değişiklikler görülmekte, bireyin bilişsel ve fonksiyonel kapasitesi azalırken kronik hastalıkların sayısı artabilmektedir. Yaşlılığa bağlı hastalıkların önlenmesinde, geciktirilmesinde ve tedavisinde beslenme durumunun korunması ve iyileştirilmesi önemlidir. Yaşlı yetişkinlerin beslenme durumunu etkileyen sorunlara karşı uygulanan beslenme çözümlerinin beslenme durumunun iyileştirilmesinde etkili olduğu görülmekte, bu uygulamaların çoğaltılması ve yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir. Yaşlı yetişkinlere yönelik beslenme hizmeti uygulamaları; yaşlılıkta besin güvencesizliğini giderme, yaşlı yetişkinlerdeki çeşitli engellilik durumlarının beslenme durumunu olumsuz etkileme olasılığını azaltma ve sosyal yaşamı zenginleştirme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu kapsamda literatürde günlük yaşam aktivitelerini destekleyici akıllı cihazlar ve teknolojiler, ShopWell, Nutrihealth, MyPlate, PlateJoy gibi mobil, SmoothFood, Meals on Wheels gibi yemek dağıtım uygulamalarının olduğu görülmektedir. Beslenmeye yardımcı teknolojik cihazlar sayesinde yaralanmaların önüne geçilip, sosyal destek sağlayan beslenme hizmeti uygulamaları ile yaşlı yetişkinlerin aktif yaşama sağlıkla devam etmeleri, beslenme durumlarını iyileştirmeleri sağlanabilir. Bu konuda yurtdışında, Türkiye’ye göre daha çeşitli uygulamalar bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizde de yaşlı yetişkinlere yönelik beslenme hizmeti uygulamalarının çeşitlerinin artırılması ve uygulama sonuçlarının izlenmesi önerilmektedir. Bu makalede yaşlılıkta beslenme durumunu etkileyen engellilik sorunlarına yönelik beslenme çözümleri derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlı yetişkinler
• engellilik
• beslenme çözümleri
• beslenme hizmeti uygulamaları
• Teknoloji

Kaynakça

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